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Cited by 3Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsOpioid Use Disorder TreatmentNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

Thyroid function and opium use disorder: a cross-sectional study on the Fasa adults cohort study (FACS), 2017

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Pezeshki, Babak, Pourmontaseri, Hossein, Homayounfar, Reza, Moghaddam, Maryam Talebi, Dehghan, Azizallah·2023·BMC Endocrine Disorders
DOI 10.1186/s12902-023-01467-3PMC PMC10688461

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Addiction increases the risk of different lifelong disorders. However, there are limited studies evaluating the effects of opioid use disorder (OUD) on thyroid function. The present study aimed to compare the thyroid function of individuals with and without OUD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 eligible participants of the Persian Cohort of Fasa, Iran. Pregnant women and participants with false or missing data were excluded from the study. Remained participants were divided into case and control groups based on the recorded history of OUD. Frozen plasma samples of the cohort bank were used to determine the levels of T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The thyroid function was compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The mean age of the final studied population (n = 648) was 54.0 ± 9.8 years, including 336 men (49.1%) and 197 participants with OUD (28.8%). The median levels of TSH, T4, and T3 were 2.91 ± 4.61, 9.26 ± 3.65, and 1.22 ± 0.49, respectively. The case group had significantly higher TSH (3.72 ± 6.2 vs. 2.58 ± 3.75, P < 0.001) and lower T4 (8 ± 3.6 vs. 9.8 ± 3.5, P < 0.001). Also, T3 was slightly lower in the case group (1.1 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.5; P = 0.369), although this association was only significant in female opium users (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The present findings revealed that OUD caused a reduction in T4 while increasing TSH. Therefore, OUD may lead to the development of primary hypothyroidism, which needs to be investigated in future studies.

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  • Variable results have also been described for peripheral thyroid hormones; T4 levels were unaffected or decreased and T3 levels were increased, unaffected, or decreased.

    “Variable results have also been described for the peripheral thyroid hormones; T4 levels were unaffected (74, 118, 136, 159, 160) or decreased (116, 160-162) and T3 levels were increased (74, 159) or unaffected (160) or decreased (161).”

    From Exogenous Opioids and the Human Endocrine System: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement (2024) · cites this paper as [161]

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [2]Sharma M, Physiology., Thyroid Hormone. 2021; Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500006/.
  2. [6]De Leo S Lee SY Lewis E Braverman published in final edited form as Lancet 2016 388 10047 906 18 27038492 PMC5014602

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Authors
Pezeshki, B., Pourmontaseri, H., Homayounfar, R., Moghaddam, M. T., & Dehghan, A.
Affiliations
  • Fasa University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (IR)
  • National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (IR)
  • Kerman University of Medical Sciences (IR)
Corresponding author
Pourmontaseri, Hossein
ORCID
Venue
BMC Endocrine Disorders
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-11-30
Volume
23
Issue
1
Pages
264-264
ISSN
1472-6823 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12902-023-01467-3
PMC
PMC10688461
OpenAlex
W4389154269
Cited by
3
References
39
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2
FWCI
0.61
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BMC Endocrine Disorders (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Fasa University of Medical Sciences
  • Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords
opioid use disorder, opium addiction, thyroid function, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, primary hypothyroidism, sex differences
MeSH terms
Opium Dependence, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Thyroid Gland, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Cohort Studies

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