Ten years of tracking mental health in refugee primary health care settings: An updated analysis of data from UNHCR's Health Information System (2009-2018)
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BACKGROUND: This study examines mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) service usage within refugee camp primary health care facilities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) by analyzing surveillance data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Health Information System (HIS). Such information is crucial for efforts to strengthen MNS services in primary health care settings for refugees in LMICs. METHODS: Data on 744,036 MNS visits were collected from 175 refugee camps across 24 countries between 2009 and 2018. The HIS documented primary health care visits for seven MNS categories: epilepsy/seizures, alcohol/substance use disorders, mental retardation/intellectual disability, psychotic disorders, severe emotional disorders, medically unexplained somatic complaints, and other psychological complaints. Combined data were stratified by 2-year period, country, sex, and age group. These data were then integrated with camp population data to generate MNS service utilization rates, calculated as MNS visits per 1000 persons per month. RESULTS: MNS service utilization rates remained broadly consistent throughout the 10-year period, with rates across all camps hovering around 2-3 visits per 1000 persons per month. The largest proportion of MNS visits were attributable to epilepsy/seizures (44.4%) and psychotic disorders (21.8%). There were wide variations in MNS service utilization rates and few consistent patterns over time at the country level. Across the 10 years, females had higher MNS service utilization rates than males, and rates were lower among children under five compared to those five and older. CONCLUSIONS: Despite increased efforts to integrate MNS services into refugee primary health care settings over the past 10 years, there does not appear to be an increase in overall service utilization rates for MNS disorders within these settings. Healthcare service utilization rates are particularly low for common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use. This may be related to different health-seeking behaviors for these disorders and because psychological services are often offered outside of formal health settings and consequently do not report to the HIS. Sustained and equitable investment to improve identification and holistic management of MNS disorders in refugee settings should remain a priority.
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Despite continuous expansion of mental health and psychiatric resources in displacement settings, extremely low rates of engagement with these services are recorded among refugee populations.
“despite the continuous expansion of mental health and psychiatric resources and facilities in displacement settings, extremely low rates of engagement with these services are recorded among refugee populations (e.g., Fine et al. 2022).”
From Throwing therapy at the problem mental health and humanitarian intervention in Palabek refugee settlement, northern Uganda (2023) · cites this paper as Fine et al. 2022
The Abstract Conclusions (page not provided) report increased efforts to integrate mental-health services into refugee primary care, no apparent increase in overall utilization, and particularly low utilization for common mental disorders. They do not establish continuous expansion of resources and facilities. The Discussion > Limitations also cautions that the data omit care outside primary health facilities, so they cannot establish low engagement with all such services. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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ATRIBUTOS DA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE E A ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE DE MIGRANTES: Uma revisão integrativa
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- Authors
- Fine, S. L., Kane, J. C., Spiegel, P. B., Tol, W. A., & Ventevogel, P.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Fine, Shoshanna L.
- Venue
- BMC Medicine
- Published
- 2022-05-16
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 183-183
- ISSN
- 1741-7015 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9109385
- OpenAlex
- W4280528146
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- BMC Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH10321)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F31HD100161)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (K01AA026523)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Health › Migration, Racism, and Human Rights
- Keywords
- refugee mental health, mental, neurological and substance use disorders, primary care, refugee camps, service utilization, epilepsy, psychosis, substance use disorders, health-seeking behavior, low- and middle-income countries, child mental health
- MeSH terms
- Child, Epilepsy, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Primary Health Care, Refugees, Seizures, United Nations, Substance-Related Disorders, Health Information Systems
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