CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 62Child Nutrition and Water AccessMigration, Health and TraumaMental Health Treatment and Access

What works in psychosocial programming in humanitarian contexts in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the evidence

Open access
Haroz, EmilyE, Nguyen, AmandaJ, Lee, CatherineI, Tol, WietseA, Fine, ShoshannaL, Bolton, Paul·2020·Intervention
DOI 10.4103/intv.intv_6_19
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

While there is growing evidence for the effectiveness of mental health interventions in low- and middle-income countries and humanitarian contexts, this is lacking for psychosocial programming. We aimed to summarise the evidence for psychosocial programming in these contexts through a systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42017069066) of peer-reviewed and grey literature of programme evaluations. A total of n = 42,435 unique records were initially identified, with n = 211 records meeting full inclusion criteria. We identified 51 randomised controlled trials of 47 different interventions. The remaining studies used different evaluation methodology. Only three interventions had more than one experimental/quasi-experimental evaluation: Brief Intervention and Contact, Problem Management Plus and Child Friendly Spaces. While there are many studies of interventions, it was challenging to identify the same intervention across studies, leaving almost no interventions with more than one rigorous study supporting their use and many interventions that are poorly described. This makes it difficult to choose between them or even to implement them. Future research should focus on replication of well-described interventions in multiple different sites, to place future intervention selection on a more scientific basis. There is also a need to better understand the impact of psychosocial programmes in sectors other than health and protection, such as nutrition. These sectors may provide critical delivery mechanisms for psychosocial programming to broaden the reach of such interventions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.4103/intv.intv_6_19

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • There is growing acknowledgement of a lack of evidence base for the vast majority of commonly implemented MHPSS programmes, such as short-term psychological interventions.

    “there is a growing acknowledgement of the lack of an evidence base for the vast majority of commonly implemented MHPSS programmes, such as short-term psychological interventions (IASC 2014;Haroz et al. 2020;Chiumento et al. 2017;Summerfield 2008;Bangpan 2019).”

    From Throwing therapy at the problem mental health and humanitarian intervention in Palabek refugee settlement, northern Uganda (2023) · cites this paper as Haroz et al. 2020

    The Introduction says commonly implemented psychosocial support interventions have been evaluated less rigorously than mental-health treatments, and the Discussion reports that almost no psychosocial interventions have been studied multiple times. This supports the concern about a weak evidence base, but the paper does not establish that short-term psychological interventions are an example of programmes lacking evidence; it describes a growing evidence base for mental-health interventions. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.

Research works printed but not linked: 70

  1. Aboud F. E., Singla D. R., Nahil M. I., Borisova I. Effectiveness of a parenting program in Bangladesh to address early childhood health, growth and development Social Science & Medicine. 2013;97:250–258 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.02 · DOI
  2. Abramsky T., Devries K., Kiss L., Nakuti J., Kyegombe N., Starmann E., Watts C. Findings from the SASA! Study: A cluster randomized controlled trial to assess the impact of a community mobilization intervention to prevent violence against women and reduce HIV risk in Kampala, Uganda BMC Medicine. 2014;12(1):122 10.1186/s12916-014-0122- · DOI
  3. Ager A., Akesson B., Stark L., Flouri E., Okot B., McCollister F., Boothby N. The impact of the school-based Psychosocial Structured Activities (PSSA) program on conflict-affected children in Northern Uganda Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2011;52(11):1124–1133 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2011.02407. · DOI
  4. Ager A., Burnham G., Checchi F., Gayer M., Grais R. F., Henkens M., Spiegel P. Strengthening the evidence base for health programming in humanitarian crises Science. 2014;345(6202):1290–1292 10.1126/science.125416 · DOI
  5. Akindele O., Ayodeji I. Assessment and management of death anxiety and self-esteem among people living with HIV/AIDS (a case study of APIN Clinic, Lagos University Teaching Hospital) IFE Psychologia: An International Journal. 2016;24(2) NS:203–215 Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&AN=2017-08407-022&site=ehost-live&scope=site
  6. Annan J., Sim A., Puffer E. S., Salhi C., Betancourt T. S. Improving mental health outcomes of Burmese migrant and displaced children in Thailand: A community-based randomized controlled trial of a parenting and family skills intervention Prevention Science. 2016 10.1007/s11121-016-0728-2 · DOI
  7. Augustinavicius J. L., Greene M. C., Lakin D. P., Tol W. A. Monitoring and evaluation of mental health and psychosocial support programs in humanitarian settings: A scoping review of terminology and focus Conflict and Health. 2018;12(1):9 10.1186/s13031-018-0146- · DOI
  8. Azad Marzabadi E., Hashemi Zadeh S. M. The effectiveness of mindfulness training in improving the quality of life of the war victims with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Iran J Psychiatry. 2014;9(4):228–236
  9. Bass J., Murray S. M., Mohammed T. A., Bunn M., Gorman W., Ahmed A. M., Bolton P. A randomized controlled trial of a trauma-informed support, skills, and psychoeducation intervention for survivors of torture and related trauma in Kurdistan, Northern Iraq Global Health: Science and Practice. 2016;4(3):452–466 10.9745/ghsp-d-16-0001 · DOI
  10. Berger R., Gelkopf M. School-based intervention for the treatment of tsunami-related distress in children: A quasi-randomized controlled trial Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2009;78(6):364–371 10.1159/00023597 · DOI
  11. Bhana A., Mellins C. A., Petersen I., Alicea S., Myeza N., Holst H., McKay M. The VUKA family program: Piloting a family-based psychosocial intervention to promote health and mental health among HIV infected early adolescents in South Africa AIDS Care − Psychological and Socio-Medical Aspects of AIDS/HIV. 2014;26(1):1–11 10.1080/09540121.2013.80677 · DOI
  12. Blanchet K., Ramesh A., Frison S., Warren E., Hossain M., Smith J., Roberts B. Evidence on public health interventions in humanitarian crises The Lancet. 2017;390(10109):2287–2296 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30768- · DOI
  13. Brown F. L., de Graaff A. M., Annan J., Betancourt T. S. Annual research review: Breaking cycles of violence − A systematic review and common practice elements analysis of psychosocial interventions for children and youth affected by armed conflict Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2017;58(4):507–524 10.1111/jcpp.1267 · DOI
  14. Bryant R. A., Schafer A., Dawson K. S., Anjuri D., Mulili C., Ndogoni L., van Ommeren M. Effectiveness of a brief behavioural intervention on psychological distress among women with a history of gender-based violence in urban Kenya: A randomised clinical trial PLOS Medicine. 2017;14(8):e1002371 10.1371/journal.pmed.100237 · DOI
  15. Chaudhury S., Brown F. L., Kirk C. M., Mukunzi S., Nyirandagijimana B., Mukandanga J., Betancourt T. S. Exploring the potential of a family-based prevention intervention to reduce alcohol use and violence within HIV-affected families in Rwanda AIDS Care. 2016;28(Suppl 2):118–129 10.1080/09540121.2016.117668 · DOI
  16. Chowa G., Masa R., Ansong D., Despard M., Wu S., Hughes D. Impacts of financial inclusion on youth development: Findings from the Ghana YouthSave experiment (CSD Research Report No. 15-35) 2015 St. Louis, MO. 10.7936/K7HQ3ZD · DOI
  17. . Covidence Systematic Review Software. (n.d.). Melbourne, Australia: Veritas Health Innovation Retrieved from www.covidence.org
  18. Diab M., Peltonen K., Qouta S. R., Palosaari E., Punamaki R. L. Effectiveness of psychosocial intervention enhancing resilience among war-affected children and the moderating role of family factors Child Abuse & Neglect. 2015;40:24–35 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.12.00 · DOI
  19. Dybdahl R. A psychosocial support programme for children and mothers in war Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2001;6(3):425–436 10.1177/135910450100600301 · DOI
  20. Eloff I., Finestone M., Makin J. D., Boeving-Allen A., Visser M., Ebersohn L., Forsyth B. W. C. A randomized clinical trial of an intervention to promote resilience in young children of HIV-positive mothers in South Africa. (Special Issue: Children born into families affected by HIV) AIDS. 2014;28:S347–S357 10.1097/QAD.000000000000033 · DOI
  21. Fleischmann A., Bertolote J. M., Wasserman D., De Leo D., Bolhari J., Botega N. J., Thanh H. T. T. Effectiveness of brief intervention and contact for suicide attempters: A randomized controlled trial in five countries 2008;86(9) Bulletin of the World Health Organization:703–709 Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18797646
  22. Hossain M., Zimmerman C., Kiss L., Abramsky T., Kone D., Bakayoko-Topolska M., Watts C. Working with men to prevent intimate partner violence in a conflict-affected setting: A pilot cluster randomized controlled trial in rural Cote d’Ivoire BMC Public Health. 2014;14:339 10.1186/1471-2458-14-33 · DOI
  23. Jordans M. J., Komproe I. H., Tol W. A., Kohrt B. A., Luitel N. P., Macy R. D., de Jong J. T. Evaluation of a classroom-based psychosocial intervention in conflict-affected Nepal: A cluster randomized controlled trial Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2010;51(7):818–826 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02209. · DOI
  24. Jordans M. J. D., Pigott H., Tol W. A. Interventions for children affected by armed conflict: A systematic review of mental health and psychosocial support in low- and middle-income countries Current Psychiatry Reports. 2016;18(1):9 10.1007/s11920-015-0648- · DOI
  25. Kumakech E., Cantor-Graae E., Maling S., Bajunirwe F. Peer-group support intervention improves the psychosocial well-being of AIDS orphans: Cluster randomized trial Social Science & Medicine. 2009;68(6):1038–1043 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.10.03 · DOI
  26. Lee C., Nguyen A. J., Haroz E. E., Tol W. A., Bolton P. Stakeholder engagement to prioritize psychosocial support programs for further research in humanitarian settings Global Mental Health. 2019;6:e23
  27. L’Engle K. L., Mwarogo P., Kingola N., Sinkele W., Weiner D. H. A randomized controlled trial of a brief intervention to reduce alcohol use among female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2014;67(4):446–453 10.1097/QAI. 000000000000033 · DOI
  28. Li L., Lee S., Jiraphongsa C., Khumtong S., Iamsirithaworn S., Thammawijaya P., Rotheram-Borus M. J. Improving the health and mental health of people living with HIV/AIDS: 12-month assessment of a behavioral intervention in Thailand American Journal of Public Health. 2010;100(12):2418–2425 10.2105/AJPH.2009.18546 · DOI
  29. Li L., Ji G., Liang L.-J., Ding Y., Tian J., Xiao Y. A multilevel intervention for HIV-affected families in China: Together for Empowerment Activities (TEA) Social Science & Medicine. 2011;73(8):1214–1221 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.07.01 · DOI
  30. Li X., Harrison S. E., Fairchild A. J., Chi P., Zhao J., Zhao G. A randomized controlled trial of a resilience-based intervention on psychosocial well-being of children affected by HIV/AIDS: Effects at 6- and 12-month follow-up Social Science and Medicine. 2017 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.02.00 · DOI
  31. Mawar N., Katendra T., Bagul R., Bembalkar S., Vedamurthachar A., Tripathy S., Paranjape R. S. Sudarshan Kriya yoga improves quality of life in healthy people living with HIV (PLHIV): Results from an open label randomized clinical trial Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2015;141(1):90–99
  32. Moher D., Shamseer L., Clarke M., Ghersi D., Liberati A., Petticrew M., Stewart L. A. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement Systematic Reviews. 2015;4(1):1 10.1186/2046-4053-4- · DOI
  33. Nabunya P., Ssewamala F. M., Ilic V. Family economic strengthening and parenting stress among caregivers of AIDS-orphaned children: Results from a cluster randomized clinical trial in Uganda Children and Youth Services Review. 2014;44:417–421 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.01 · DOI
  34. O’Callaghan P., Branham L., Shannon C., Betancourt T. S., Dempster M., McMullen J. A pilot study of a family focused, psychosocial intervention with war-exposed youth at risk of attack and abduction in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo Child Abuse & Neglect. 2014;38(7):1197–1207 10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.00 · DOI
  35. O’Callaghan P., McMullen J., Shannon C., Rafferty H. Comparing a trauma focused and non trauma focused intervention with war affected Congolese youth: A preliminary randomised trial Intervention: Journal of Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Conflict Affected Areas. 2015;13(1):28–44 10.1097/WTF. 000000000000005 · DOI
  36. Olley B. O. Improving well-being through psycho-education among voluntary counseling and testing seekers in Nigeria: A controlled outcome study AIDS Care. 2006;18(8):1025–1031 10.1080/0954012060056875 · DOI
  37. Pairojkul S., Siripul P., Prateepchaikul L., Kusol K., Puytrakul T. Psychosocial first aid: Support for the child survivors of the Asian Tsunami Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics. 2010;31(9):723–727 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181f46de · DOI
  38. Paluck E. L. Reducing intergroup prejudice and conflict using the media: A field experiment in Rwanda Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;96(3):574–587 10.1037/a001198 · DOI
  39. Panter-Brick C., Dajani R., Eggerman M., Hermosilla S., Sancilio A., Ager A. Insecurity, distress and mental health: Experimental and randomized controlled trials of a psychosocial intervention for youth affected by the Syrian crisis Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2018;59(5):523–541 10.1111/jcpp.1283 · DOI
  40. Peltonen K., Qouta S., El Sarraj E., Punamäki R.-L. Effectiveness of school-based intervention in enhancing mental health and social functioning among war-affected children Traumatology. 2012;18(4):37–46 10.1177/153476561243738 · DOI
  41. Pronyk P. M., Harpham T., Busza J., Phetla G., Morison L. A., Hargreaves J. R., Porter J. D. Can social capital be intentionally generated? A randomized trial from rural South Africa Social Science & Medicine. 2008;67(10):1559–1570 10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.07.02 · DOI
  42. Puffer E. S., Green E. P., Sikkema K. J., Broverman S. A., Ogwang-Odhiambo R. A., Pian J. A church-based intervention for families to promote mental health and prevent HIV among adolescents in rural Kenya: Results of a randomized trial Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2016;84(6):511–525 10.1037/ccp000007 · DOI
  43. Purgato M., van Ommeren M., Tol W., Barbui C. Addressing stress, depression, and anxiety in people exposed to traumatic events in humanitarian settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2018a;109:127 10.1016/J.JPSYCHORES. 2018.03.12 · DOI
  44. Purgato M., Gross A. L., Betancourt T., Bolton P., Bonetto C., Gastaldon C., Barbui C. Focused psychosocial interventions for children in low-resource humanitarian settings: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis The Lancet Global Health. 2018b;6(4):e390–e400 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30046- · DOI
  45. Qouta S. R., Palosaari E., Diab M., Punamäki R. Intervention effectiveness among war‐affected children: A cluster randomized controlled trial on improving mental health Journal of Traumatic Stress. 2012;25(3):288–298 10.1002/jts.2170 · DOI
  46. Qouta S. R., Peltonen K., Diab S. Y., Anttila S., Palosaari E., Punamäki R.-L. Psychosocial intervention and dreaming among war-affected Palestinian children Dreaming. 2016;26(2):95–118 10.1037/drm000002 · DOI
  47. Rahman A., Hamdani S. U., Awan N. R., Bryant R. A., Dawson K. S., Khan M. F., van Ommeren M. Effect of a multicomponent behavioral intervention in adults impaired by psychological distress in a conflict-affected area of Pakistan JAMA. 2016;316(24):2609 10.1001/jama.2016.1716 · DOI
  48. Riblet N. B. V., Shiner B., Young-Xu Y., Watts B. V. Strategies to prevent death by suicide: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials British Journal of Psychiatry. 2017;210(06):396–402 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.18779 · DOI
  49. Richards J., Foster C., Townsend N., Bauman A. Physical fitness and mental health impact of a sport-for-development intervention in a post-conflict setting: Randomised controlled trial nested within an observational study of adolescents in Gulu, Uganda BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):619 10.1186/1471-2458-14-61 · DOI
  50. Rotheram-Borus M. J., Richter L. M., van Heerden A., van Rooyen H., Tomlinson M., Harwood J. M., Stein A. A cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of peer mentors to support South African women living with HIV and their infants PLoS One. 2014;9(1) 10.1371/journal.pone.008486 · DOI
  51. Samarasekera U., Horton R. Improving evidence for health in humanitarian crises Lancet (London, England). 2017;390(10109):2223–2224 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31353- · DOI
  52. Segatto M. L., Andreoni S., de Souza e Silva R., Diehl A., Pinsky I. Brief motivational interview and educational brochure in emergency room settings for adolescents and young adults with alcohol-related problems: A randomized single-blind clinical trial Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 2011;33(3):225–233
  53. Singla D. R., Kohrt B. A., Murray L. K., Anand A., Chorpita B. F., Patel V. Psychological treatments for the world: Lessons from low- and middle-income countries Annual Review of Clinical Psychology. 2017;13(1):149–181 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-04521 · DOI
  54. Soleimani S., Sharif F., Mani A., Keshavarzi S. The effect of conflict resolution training on children’s behavioral problems in Shiraz, Southern Iran: A randomized controlled trial International Journal of Community Based Nursing & Midwifery. 2014;2(3):185–195
  55. Sparling J., Dragomir C., Ramey S. L., Florescu L. An educational intervention improves developmental progress of young children in a Romanian orphanage Infant Mental Health Journal. 2005;26(2):127–142 10.1002/imhj.2004 · DOI
  56. Ssewamala F. M., Neilands T. B., Waldfogel J., Ismayilova L. The impact of a comprehensive microfinance intervention on depression levels of AIDS-orphaned children in Uganda Journal of Adolescent Health. 2012;50(4):346–352 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.08.00 · DOI
  57. Thurman T. R., Kidman R., Taylor T. M. Bridging the gap: The impact of home visiting programs for orphans and vulnerable children on social grant uptake in South Africa Children and Youth Services Review. 2015;48:111–116 10.1016/J.CHILDYOUTH. 2014.12.00 · DOI
  58. Tol W. A., Komproe I. H., Susanty D., Jordans M. J., Macy R. D., De Jong J. T. School-based mental health intervention for children affected by political violence in Indonesia: A cluster randomized trial JAMA. 2008;300(6):655–662 10.1001/jama.300.6.65 · DOI
  59. Tol Wietse A., Barbui C., Galappatti A., Silove D., Betancourt T. S., Souza R., van Ommeren M. Mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings: linking practice and research Lancet. 2011a;378(9802):1581–1591 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61094- · DOI
  60. Tol Wietse A., Patel V., Tomlinson M., Baingana F., Galappatti A., Panter-Brick C., van Ommeren M. Research priorities for mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings PLoS Medicine. 2011b;8(9):e1001096 10.1371/journal.pmed.100109 · DOI
  61. Tol W. A., Komproe I. H., Jordans M. J., Vallipuram A., Sipsma H., Sivayokan S., de Jong J. T. Outcomes and moderators of a preventive school-based mental health intervention for children affected by war in Sri Lanka: A cluster randomized trial World Psychiatry. 2012;11(2):114–122
  62. Tol W. A., Komproe I. H., Jordans M. J., Ndayisaba A., Ntamutumba P., Sipsma H., de Jong J. T. School-based mental health intervention for children in war-affected Burundi: a cluster randomized trial BMC Medicine. 2014;12:56 10.1186/1741-7015-12-5 · DOI
  63. Tol Wietse A., Purgato M., Bass J. K., Galappatti A., Eaton W. Mental health and psychosocial support in humanitarian settings: a public mental health perspective Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences. 2015;24(06):484–494 10.1017/S204579601500082 · DOI
  64. Torrente C., Johnston B., Starkey L., Seidman E., Shivshanker A., Weisenhorn N., Aber J. L. Improving the quality of school interactions and student well-being: Impacts of one year of a school-based program in the Democratic Republic of Congo Journal on Education in Emergencies. 2015;1(1):48–91 Retrieved from https://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/39654
  65. Train K. J., Butler N. A pilot study to test psychophonetics methodology for self-care and empathy in compassion fatigue, burnout and secondary traumatic stress African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine. 2013;5(1) 10.4102/phcfm.v5i1.49 · DOI
  66. Vijayakumar L., Mohanraj R., Kumar S., Jeyaseelan V., Sriram S., Shanmugam M. CASP − An intervention by community volunteers to reduce suicidal behaviour among refugees International Journal of Social Psychiatry. 2017;63(7):589–597 10.1177/002076401772394 · DOI
  67. Weinstein N., Khabbaz F., Legate N. Enhancing need satisfaction to reduce psychological distress in Syrian refugees Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2016;84(7):645–650 10.1037/ccp000009 · DOI
  68. Weiss W. M., Ugueto A. M., Mahmooth Z., Murray K., Hall B. J., Nadison M., Bass J. Mental health interventions and priorities for research for adult survivors of torture and systematic violence: A review of the literature Torture. 2016;26(1):17–44
  69. Widmann M., Apondi B., Musau A., Warsame A. H., Isse M., Mutiso V., Odenwald M. Comorbid psychopathology and everyday functioning in a brief intervention study to reduce khat use among Somalis living in Kenya: Description of baseline multimorbidity, its effects of intervention and its moderation effects on substance use Soc Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2017 10.1007/s00127-017-1368- · DOI
  70. Young S. D., Konda K., Caceres C., Galea J., Sung-Jae L., Salazar X., Coates T. Effect of a community popular opinion leader HIV/STI intervention on stigma in urban, coastal Peru AIDS and Behavior. 2011;15(5):930–937 10.1007/s10461-010-9826- evaluation; humanitarian; LMIC; MHPSS; psychosocial · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Haroz, E., Nguyen, A., Lee, C., Tol, W., Fine, S., & Bolton, P.
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University (US)
Corresponding author
Haroz, EmilyE
ORCID
Bolton, Paul
Venue
Intervention
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2020
Volume
18
Issue
1
Pages
3
ISSN
1571-8883 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.4103/intv.intv_6_19
OpenAlex
W3042651666
Cited by
61
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1
FWCI
1.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-sa
Locations
  • Intervention (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords
humanitarian settings, low- and middle-income countries, mental health interventions, program evaluation, intervention effectiveness, Problem Management Plus, child-friendly spaces, intervention replication

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review