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Cited by 127Curcumin's Biomedical ApplicationsNatural Antidiabetic Agents StudiesFatty Acid Research and Health

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Curcumin and/or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation reduces insulin resistance and blood lipids in individuals with high risk of type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

Open access
Thota, Rohith N., Acharya, Shamasunder H., Garg, Manohar L.·2019·Lipids in Health and Disease
DOI 10.1186/s12944-019-0967-xPMC PMC6347796
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Lowering insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia may not only enhance glycaemic control but also preserve the β-cell function, reducing the overall risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The current study was aimed to evaluate the effects of curcumin and/or long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFA) supplementation on glycaemic control and blood lipid levels in individuals at high risk of developing T2D. METHODS: This was a 2 × 2 factorial, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Participants were allocated to either double placebo (PL) or curcumin plus placebo matching for LCn-3PUFA (CC), or LCn-3PUFA plus placebo matching for curcumin (FO), or curcumin plus LCn-3PUFA (CC-FO) for twelve weeks. Primary outcome of the trial was glycaemic indices (HbA1C, fasting glucose and insulin). Insulin resistance and sensitivity is measured using homeostatic model assessment model. RESULTS: A total of sixty-four participants (PL, n = 16; CC, n = 15; FO, n = 17, CC-FO, n = 16) were included in the final analysis. Post-intervention, HbA1c and fasting glucose remained unchanged across all the groups. Insulin sensitivity was significantly improved in the CC supplemented group (32.7 ± 10.3%) compared to PL (P = 0.009). FO and CC-FO tended to improve insulin sensitivity by 14.6 ± 8.5% and 8.8 ± 7.7% respectively, but the difference did not reach significance. Triglyceride levels were further increased in the PL (26.9 ± 7.4%), however, CC and CC-FO supplementation reduced the triglycerides, FO resulted in the greatest reduction in triglycerides (- 16.4 ± 4.5%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Reduction in insulin resistance and triglycerides by curcumin and LCn-3PUFA appears to be attractive strategies for lowering the risk of developing T2D. However, this study failed to demonstrate complimentary benefits of curcumin and LCn-3PUFA on glycaemic control. TRAIL REGISTRATION: ACTRN12615000559516 .

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Fig. 1 Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow chart– trial protocol
Fig. 1 Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow chart– trial protocolCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Changes in the outcome measures from baseline to post intervention with-in and between double placebo (PL), curcumin (CC), fish oil (FO) and curcumin + fish oil (CC-FO); a Change in the serum glucose (%); b Change in the serum insulin (%). c Change in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (log transformed) (HOMA2 IR); d Change in insulin sensitivity. Data presented as mean ± SEM or median (IQR) as appropriate. Significant changes from baseline indicated by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Means with same lower letter indicate significant differences between the groups
Fig. 2 Changes in the outcome measures from baseline to post intervention with-in and between double placebo (PL), curcumin (CC), fish oil (FO) and curcumin + fish oil (CC-FO); a Change in the serum glucose (%); b Change in the serum insulin (%). c Change in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (log transformed) (HOMA2 IR); d Change in insulin sensitivity. Data presented as mean ± SEM or median (IQR) as appropriate. Significant changes from baseline indicated by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Means with same lower letter indicate significant differences between the groupsCC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 3 Changes in the outcome measures from baseline to post intervention and between double placebo (PL), curcumin (CC), fish oil (FO) and curcumin + fish oil (CC-FO); a Change in the serum triglyceride (%). b Change in the serum HDL-Cholesterol (%); c Change in atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) d. Change in InsuTAG (log transformed). Data presented as mean ± SEM or median (IQR) as appropriate. Significant changes from baseline indicated by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Means with same lower letter indicate significant differences between the groups
Fig. 3 Changes in the outcome measures from baseline to post intervention and between double placebo (PL), curcumin (CC), fish oil (FO) and curcumin + fish oil (CC-FO); a Change in the serum triglyceride (%). b Change in the serum HDL-Cholesterol (%); c Change in atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) d. Change in InsuTAG (log transformed). Data presented as mean ± SEM or median (IQR) as appropriate. Significant changes from baseline indicated by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01. Means with same lower letter indicate significant differences between the groupsCC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Thota, R. N., Acharya, S. H., & Garg, M. L.
Affiliations
  • Riddet Institute (NZ)
  • John Hunter Hospital (AU)
Corresponding author
Garg, Manohar L.
ORCID
Venue
Lipids in Health and Disease
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-01-26
Volume
18
Issue
1
Pages
31-31
ISSN
1476-511X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12944-019-0967-x
PMC
PMC6347796
OpenAlex
W2913281433
Cited by
127
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5
FWCI
5.01
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Lipids in Health and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Curcumin's Biomedical Applications
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Keywords
curcumin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes prevention, dyslipidemia, triglycerides, serum lipids, glycemic control, HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, dietary supplementation, beta-cell function, high-risk individuals
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Curcumin, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fasting, Female, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Triglycerides, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Dietary Supplements

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