Chronic Inflammation in Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome
Open accessAbstract
The increasing incidence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome is disturbing. The activation of inflammatory pathways, used normally as host defence, reminds the seriousness of this condition. There is probably more than one cause for activation of inflammation. Apparently, metabolic overload evokes stress reactions, such as oxidative, inflammatory, organelle and cell hypertrophy, generating vicious cycles. Adipocyte hypertrophy, through physical reasons, facilitates cell rupture, what will evoke an inflammatory reaction. Inability of adipose tissue development to engulf incoming fat leads to deposition in other organs, mainly in the liver, with consequences on insulin resistance. The oxidative stress which accompanies feeding, particularly when there is excessive ingestion of fat and/or other macronutrients without concomitant ingestion of antioxidant-rich foods/beverages, may contribute to inflammation attributed to obesity. Moreover, data on the interaction of microbiota with food and obesity brought new hypothesis for the obesity/fat diet relationship with inflammation. Beyond these, other phenomena, for instance psychological and/or circadian rhythm disturbances, may likewise contribute to oxidative/inflammatory status. The difficulty in the management of obesity/metabolic syndrome is linked to their multifactorial nature where environmental, genetic and psychosocial factors interact through complex networks.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Continuous low-level translocation of LPS into circulation can induce chronic low-level inflammatory states associated with development of obesity and other metabolic syndromes.
“Continuous low-level translocation of LPS into circulation can induce chronic low-level inflammatory states associated with development of obesity and other metabolic syndromes [92].”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [92]
Systemic inflammatory markers and metabolites such as those derived from the gut microbiota have been associated with obesity and food addiction.
“As systemic inflammatory markers 123 and metabolites such as those derived from the gut microbiota have been associated with obesity and food addiction, future mechanistic studies that integrate these mediators are also of value.”
From History of early life adversity is associated with increased food addiction and sex-specific alterations in reward network connectivity in obesity (2019) · cites this paper as [123]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944 · see citing works
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011 · see citing works
Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus
American Diabetes Association (2010) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-s062 · Cited by 14,019 · see citing works
Inflammation and metabolic disorders
Hotamisligil, G. S. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05485 · Cited by 9,199 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Other researchers have attempted to name this inflammatory state as “metaflammation”, meaning metabolically triggered inflammation [32], or “parainflammation” as a term to define an intermediate state between basal and inflammatory states [33].”
BackgroundOrigin and physiological roles of inflammation
Medzhitov, R. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07201 · Cited by 6,618 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other researchers have attempted to name this inflammatory state as “metaflammation”, meaning metabolically triggered inflammation [32], or “parainflammation” as a term to define an intermediate state between basal and inflammatory states [33].”
BackgroundEckel, R. H., Alberti, K., Grundy, S. M., & Zimmet, P. (2010) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61794-3 · Cited by 6,283 · see citing works
Eckel, R. H., Grundy, S. M., & Zimmet, P. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66378-7 · Cited by 5,566 · see citing works
Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity.
Hoffmann, J., Kafatos, F., Janeway, C., & Ezekowitz, R. A. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.284.5418.1313 · Cited by 2,617 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[72] J.”
Mechanisms underlying the resistance to diet-induced obesity in germ-free mice
Bäckhed, F., Manchester, J. K., Semenkovich, C. F., & Gordon, J. I. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0605374104 · Cited by 2,615 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[108] F.”
ResultCinti, S., Mitchell, G., Barbatelli, G., Murano, I., Ceresi, E., Faloia, E., Wang, S., Fortier, M., Greenberg, A. S., & Obin, M. S. (2005) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m500294-jlr200 · Cited by 2,529 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Macrophage crowns surrounding dead adipocytes in adipose tissue, as shown by Cinti and collaborators [71], are compatible with this hypothesis.”
BackgroundCani, P. D., Possemiers, S., Van de Wiele, T., Guiot, Y., Everard, A., Rottier, O., Geurts, L., Naslain, D., Neyrinck, A., Lambert, D. M., et al. (2009) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.2008.165886 · Cited by 2,518 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Cani and collaborators have demonstrated that highfat feeding increases intestinal permeability and the plasma concentration of LPS, that is, metabolic endotoxemia, and that changes in gut microbiota control this metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation [116].”
BackgroundNishimura, S., Manabe, I., Nagasaki, M., Eto, K., Yamashita, H., Ohsugi, M., Otsu, M., Hara, K., Ueki, K., Sugiura, S., et al. (2009) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.1964 · Cited by 2,230 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[81] S.”
BackgroundComment on the provisional report from the WHO consultation
(1999) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00059.x · Cited by 1,820 · see citing works
Signal transduction by tumor necrosis factor and its relatives.
Baud, V., & Karin, M. (2001) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0962-8924(01)02064-5 · Cited by 1,741 · cited 6× · see citing works
“They exert powerful effects on proinflammatory gene expression, through activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) complexes and NFκB [52].”
BackgroundInfluentialWildman, R. P. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1617 · Cited by 1,618 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[8] R.”
Cnop, M., Havel, P. J., Utzschneider, K. M., Carr, D. B., Sinha, M. K., Boyko, E. J., Retzlaff, B. M., Knopp, R. H., Brunzell, J. D., & Kahn, S. E. (2003) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-003-1074-z · Cited by 1,483 · cited 1× · see citing works
“On the other hand, it is a feabler producer of adiponectin, an adipokine more strongly correlated with subcutaneous fat [68].”
BackgroundHuynh, M.-L. N., Fadok, V., & Henson, P. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci11638 · Cited by 1,333 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The apoptosis of inflammatory cells is a nonphlogistic physiological process of removing dead cells and is essential for the resolution of inflammation [16] with the added advantage that after engulfing these apoptotic cells, macrophages acquire a phenotype conductive to resolution, releasing anti-inflammatory signals…”
BackgroundWymann, M. P., & Schneiter, R. (2008) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm2335 · Cited by 1,285 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Ceramide may also activate protein phosphatase 2A, which inactivates PKB/Akt and attenuates insulin response, contributing to insulin resistance [55].”
BackgroundAdipose Tissue Hypoxia in Obesity and Its Impact on Adipocytokine Dysregulation
Hosogai, N., Fukuhara, A., Oshima, K., Miyata, Y., Tanaka, S., Segawa, K., Furukawa, S., Tochino, Y., Komuro, R., Matsuda, M., et al. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db06-0911 · Cited by 1,257 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Furthermore, hypoxia by itself inactivates the adiponectin promoter [96].”
BackgroundGrundy, S. M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-5839-6_1 · Cited by 1,225 · see citing works
Raetz, C. R. H. (1990) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.59.070190.001021 · Cited by 1,211 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It had already been demonstrated that the fatty acid moiety of TLR ligands was essential for their activation [51] and this led to the investigation of its possible activation by different sorts of lipids.”
BackgroundMetabolic Syndrome and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Galassi, A., Reynolds, K., & He, J. (2006) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.02.031 · Cited by 1,205 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[4] A.”
BackgroundBastard, J., Jardel, C., Bruckert, É., Blondy, P., Capeau, J., Laville, M., Vidal, H., & Hainque, B. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.9.6839 · Cited by 1,102 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In good agreement with this interpretation of things, weight loss of obese patients is repeatedly verified to be associated with a decrease of inflammation biomarkers [17–21] accompanied by improvement of metabolic parameters, namely, insulin sensitivity [22–26].”
ResultAmerican College of Endocrinology Position Statement on the Insulin Resistance Syndrome
Einhorn, D. (2003) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.9.s2.5 · Cited by 1,066 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, the American Association of Endocrinology does not consider obesity as a component and highlights the importance of insulin resistance to the syndrome [5].”
BackgroundIdentification and characterization of metabolically benign obesity in humans
Stefan, N. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.15.1609 · Cited by 1,049 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[9] N.”
Serhan, C. N. (2006) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141647 · Cited by 997 · cited 2× · see citing works
“The activated endothelium allows extravasation of neutrophils and soluble components to the tissue, where they become activated releasing toxic agents and proteolytic enzymes to the extracellular milieu [27].”
BackgroundZiccardi, P., Nappo, F., Giugliano, G., Esposito, K., Marfella, R., Cioffi, M., D’Andrea, F., Molinari, A. M., & Giugliano, D. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/hc0702.104279 · Cited by 994 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In good agreement with this interpretation of things, weight loss of obese patients is repeatedly verified to be associated with a decrease of inflammation biomarkers [17–21] accompanied by improvement of metabolic parameters, namely, insulin sensitivity [22–26].”
ResultThe role of the gut microbiota in energy metabolism and metabolic disease
Cani, P., & Delzenne, N. (2009) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161209788168164 · Cited by 974 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[110] P.”
ResultArmougom, F., Henry, M., Vialettes, B., Raccah, D., & Raoult, D. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007125 · Cited by 905 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Comparison of microbiota from obese and nonobese subjects has shown different proportions of certain species [112], but it remains unknown what is cause and consequence, or the metabolic consequences, for the host, of harboring different microbiota.”
BackgroundInflammation in Atherosclerosis: Transition From Theory to Practice
Libby, P., Okamoto, Y., Rocha, V. Z., & Folco, E. (2010) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-09-0706 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Reduced Adipose Tissue Oxygenation in Human Obesity
Pasarica, M., Sereda, O. R., Redman, L. M., Albarado, D. C., Hymel, D. T., Roan, L. E., Rood, J. C., Burk, D. H., & Smith, S. R. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1098 · Cited by 786 · see citing works
Mechanisms of obesity-associated insulin resistance: many choices on the menuPreprint
Qatanani, M., & Lazar, M. A. (2007) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.1550907 · Cited by 780 · see citing works
Obesity and the human microbiome
Ley, R. E. (2009) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e328333d751 · Cited by 760 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[111] R.”
ResultThe Perfect Storm: Obesity, Adipocyte Dysfunction, and Metabolic Consequences
de Ferranti, S. D., & Mozaffarian, D. (2008) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2007.100156 · Cited by 732 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, it has been proposed that visceral adipose tissue growth is mainly due to hypertrophy, while in other locations there may be mainly growth through hyperplasia [89].”
BackgroundAlessi, M., Peiretti, F., Morange, P., Henry, M., Nalbone, G., & Juhan-Vague, I. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.5.860 · Cited by 614 · cited 4× · see citing works
“plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) [66], IL-6, and CRP [67].”
BackgroundInfluentialGregor, M. F., & Hotamisligil, G. S. (2007) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r700007-jlr200 · Cited by 586 · cited 3× · see citing works
“The UPR functions via signalling through three branches, denoted for the three stress-sensing proteins found in the ER membrane: PKR-like eukaryotic initiation factor 2a kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1), and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF-6) [53].”
BackgroundSethi, J. K., & Vidal‐Puig, A. (2007) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r700005-jlr200 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Obesity paradox in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease
Uretsky, S., Messerli, F. H., Bangalore, S., Champion, A., Cooper-DeHoff, R. M., Zhou, Q., & Pepine, C. J. (2007) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.05.011 · Cited by 550 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[6] S.”
Interferon-γ, a Th1 Cytokine, Regulates Fat Inflammation
Rocha, V. Z., Folco, E. J. E., Sukhova, G. K., Shimizu, K., Gotsman, I., Vernon, A. H., & Libby, P. (2008) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.108.177105 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Integrative physiology of human adipose tissue
Frayn, K. N., Karpe, F., Fielding, B. A., Macdonald, I. A., & Coppack, S. W. (2003) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802326 · Cited by 467 · cited 2× · see citing works
“organ is metabolically active [43].”
Normal Intraabdominal Pressure in Healthy Adults
Cobb, W. S., Burns, J. M., Kercher, K. W., Matthews, B. D., Norton, H. J., & Heniford, B. T. (2005) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2005.06.015 · Cited by 462 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Whereas subcutaneous adipocytes can also become hypertrophic, and most probably do also rupture, visceral adipocytes, besides being supported by much less dense connective tissue in comparison with subcutaneous adipose tissue, are frequently subject to sudden pressure variations associated with cough, physical exercis…”
BackgroundHuman adipocytes secrete mineralocorticoid-releasing factors
Ehrhart‐Bornstein, M., Lamounier‐Zepter, V., Schraven, A., Langenbach, J., Willenberg, H. S., Barthel, A., Hauner, H., McCann, S. M., Scherbaum, W. A., & Bornstein, S. R. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2336140100 · Cited by 443 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Functional relationships between adipocytes and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [91] or between adipocytes and adrenocortex/aldosterone [92] do probably deserve more attention.”
BackgroundNicklas, B. J., Ambrosius, W., Messier, S. P., Miller, G. D., Penninx, B. W., Loeser, R. F., Palla, S., Bleecker, E., & Pahor, M. (2004) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.4.544 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Cnop, M., Landchild, M. J., Vidal, J., Havel, P. J., Knowles, N. G., Carr, D. R., Wang, F., Hull, R. L., Boyko, E. J., Retzlaff, B. M., et al. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.4.1005 · Cited by 432 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[57] M.”
BackgroundKopp, H. P., Kopp, C. W., Festa, A., Krzyzanowska, K., Kriwanek, S., Minar, E., Roka, R., & Schernthaner, G. (2003) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000073313.16135.21 · Cited by 427 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[25] H.”
ResultAdipose tissue angiogenesis1,2
Hausman, G., & Richardson, R. L. (2004) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/2004.823925x · Cited by 421 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This high vascularisation is most probably due to the action of angiogenic/proinflammatory factors, of which leptin constitutes an example [94, 95].”
BackgroundInterplay between obesity and associated metabolic disorders: New insights into the gut microbiota
Cani, P. D., & Delzenne, N. M. (2009) · Current Opinion in Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.coph.2009.06.016 · Cited by 377 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[109] P.”
ResultChronic inflammation: a failure of resolution?
Lawrence, T., & Gilroy, D. W. (2006) · International Journal of Experimental Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2613.2006.00507.x · Cited by 373 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, if the neutralization and removal of the noxious stimuli or even if the clearance of apoptotic inflammatory cells from the inflamed tissue fail, the inflammatory process persists and a state of chronic inflammation or autoimmunity may arise with different agents being recruited, namely, T lymphocytes and the…”
BackgroundImpaired Preadipocyte Differentiation in Human Abdominal Obesity
Isakson, P., Hammarstedt, A., Gustafson, B., & Smith, U. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1770 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Bacha, F. F., Saad, R. J., Gungor, N., Janosky, J. E., & Arslanian, S. A. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021267 · Cited by 363 · cited 1× · see citing works
“glucose tolerance [60], elevated blood pressure [61, 62], and dyslipidemia [58, 63].”
BackgroundRisk Factors for the Metabolic Syndrome
Carnethon, M. R., Loria, C. M., Hill, J. O., Sidney, S. S., Savage, P. J., & Liu, K. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.11.2707 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Papathanasopoulos, A. A., & Camilleri, M. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.045 · Cited by 342 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some associations between dietary patterns and resistance to obesity, namely, the importance of the diet acid load [113], nondigestible plant material [114], or the richness in certain minerals [115] may indeed include effects of those elements on the microbiota.”
BackgroundHeilbronn, L. K., Noakes, M., & Clifton, P. M. (2001) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.21.6.968 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Intra-abdominal Pressure in the Morbidly Obese
Lambert, D., Marceau, S., & Forse, R. A. (2005) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089205774512546 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
High Adiponectin Concentrations Are Associated with the Metabolically Healthy Obese Phenotype
Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., García, E. G., Robles, L., Barros, D. A. R., Ruiz-Gómez, D. G., García-Ulloa, A. C., Melgarejo-Hernández, M. A., Zamora, M., Guillén-Pineda, L. E., Mehta, R., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-2724 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Insulin Sensitivity, Insulin Secretion, and Abdominal Fat
Wagenknecht, L. E., Langefeld, C. D., Scherzinger, A. L., Norris, J. M., Haffner, S. M., Saad, M. F., & Bergman, R. N. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.10.2490 · Cited by 302 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[59] L.”
BackgroundFeeding Our Immune System: Impact on Metabolism
Wolowczuk, I., Verwaerde, C., Viltart, O., Delanoye, A., Delacre, M., Pot, B., & Grangette, C. (2008) · Clinical and Developmental Immunology · doi:10.1155/2008/639803 · Cited by 295 · cited 5× · see citing works
“The two most widely studied TLRs are TLR2 and TLR4, which are activated by bacterial lipoproteins and by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively [50].”
BackgroundInfluentialvan Dijk, S. J., Feskens, E. J., Bos, M. B., Hoelen, D. W., Heijligenberg, R., Bromhaar, M. G., de Groot, L. C., de Vries, J. H., Müller, M., & Afman, L. A. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27792 · Cited by 291 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Consumption of a saturated fatty acid-rich diet resulted in a proinflammatory “obesity-linked” gene expression profile, whereas consumption of a monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diet caused a more anti-inflammatory profile [99].”
BackgroundInflammation and impaired adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity in man
Gustafson, B., Gogg, S., Hedjazifar, S., Jenndahl, L. E., Hammarstedt, A., & Smith, U. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00377.2009 · Cited by 289 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[47] B.”
BackgroundDo regional differences in adipocyte biology provide new pathophysiological insights?
Lafontan, M., & Berlan, M. (2003) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0165-6147(03)00132-9 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Nieves, D. J., Cnop, M., Retzlaff, B., Walden, C. E., Brunzell, J. D., Knopp, R. H., & Kahn, S. E. (2003) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.52.1.172 · Cited by 281 · cited 1× · see citing works
“glucose tolerance [60], elevated blood pressure [61, 62], and dyslipidemia [58, 63].”
BackgroundBeydoun, M. A., Gary, T. L., Caballero, B. H., Lawrence, R. S., Cheskin, L. J., & Wang, Y. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1914 · Cited by 278 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some associations between dietary patterns and resistance to obesity, namely, the importance of the diet acid load [113], nondigestible plant material [114], or the richness in certain minerals [115] may indeed include effects of those elements on the microbiota.”
BackgroundCaterson, I. D., Hubbard, V. S., Bray, G. A., Grunstein, R. R., HANSEN, B. C., Hong, Y., Labarthe, D. R., Seidell, J. C., & Smith, S. C. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000140114.83145.59 · Cited by 265 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[2] I.”
BackgroundNeutrophil Activation in Morbid Obesity, Chronic Activation of Acute Inflammation
Nijhuis, J., Rensen, S. S., Slaats, Y., van Dielen, F. M. H., Buurman, W. A., & Greve, J. W. M. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.113 · Cited by 263 · cited 2× · see citing works
“It has recently been demonstrated that the chronic inflammatory condition associated with morbid obesity is characterized by a continuous activation of the innate immune system [31].”
BackgroundBahçeci, M., Gökalp, D., Bahçeci, S., Tuzcu, A. K., Atmaca, S., & Arikan, S. (2007) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03347427 · Cited by 261 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Bahceci and collaborators [69] found”
Role of Adipose Tissue as an Inflammatory Organ in Human Diseases
Schäffler, A., Müller-Ladner, U., Schölmerich, J., & Büchler, C. (2006) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2005-0022 · Cited by 258 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[74] A.”
Hayashi, T., Boyko, E., Leonetti, D., McNeely, M., Newell-Morris, L., Kahn, S., & Fujimoto, W. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.3.650 · Cited by 245 · cited 1× · see citing works
“glucose tolerance [60], elevated blood pressure [61, 62], and dyslipidemia [58, 63].”
BackgroundAdipose tissue as an immunological organ: Toll-like receptors, C1q/TNFs and CTRPs
Schäffler, A., Schölmerich, J., & Salzberger, B. (2007) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2007.07.003 · Cited by 244 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[75] A.”
Katsuki, A., Sumida, Y., Urakawa, H., Gabazza, E. C., Murashima, S., Maruyama, N., Morioka, K., Nakatani, K., Yano, Y., & Adachi, Y. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.8.2341 · Cited by 234 · cited 1× · see citing works
“glucose tolerance [60], elevated blood pressure [61, 62], and dyslipidemia [58, 63].”
BackgroundOkamoto, Y., Folco, E. J. E., Minami, M., Wara, A. K., Feinberg, M. W., Sukhova, G. K., Colvin, R. A., Kihara, S., Funahashi, T., Luster, A. D., et al. (2007) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.107.164988 · Cited by 202 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Moreover, obese adipose tissue do also contain lymphocytes that participate in and reinforce the inflammatory reaction and consequent insulin resistance [77, 81, 82].”
BackgroundKopp, H., Krzyżanowska, K., Möhlig, M., Spranger, J., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., & Schernthaner, G.-H. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802983 · Cited by 189 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In good agreement with this interpretation of things, weight loss of obese patients is repeatedly verified to be associated with a decrease of inflammation biomarkers [17–21] accompanied by improvement of metabolic parameters, namely, insulin sensitivity [22–26].”
ResultMetabolic syndrome pathophysiology: The role of adipose tissue
Laclaustra, M., Corella, D., & Ordovás, J. M. (2007) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2006.10.005 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
van Harmelen, V., Dicker, A., Rydén, M., Hauner, H., Lönnqvist, F., Näslund, E. B., & Arner, P. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.7.2029 · Cited by 188 · cited 6× · see citing works
“susceptible to lipolysis than subcutaneous adipose tissue [64] and is associated with higher production of TNF-α [64, 65],”
BackgroundInfluentialIL-33, a recently identified interleukin-1 gene family member, is expressed in human adipocytes
Wood, I. S., Wang, B., & Trayhurn, P. (2009) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.081 · Cited by 183 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As already stated, adipocytes behave as immune cells [72– 75] and are able to synthesize and release a huge amount of proinflammatory adipokines and cytokines including leptin, resistin, PAI-1, IL-6, TNFα, retinol-binding protein 4 (see [16]), IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), CRP, macrophage migration…”
BackgroundTumor Necrosis Factor- in Sera of Obese Patients: Fall with Weight Loss
Dandona, P. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.83.8.2907 · Cited by 176 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In good agreement with this interpretation of things, weight loss of obese patients is repeatedly verified to be associated with a decrease of inflammation biomarkers [17–21] accompanied by improvement of metabolic parameters, namely, insulin sensitivity [22–26].”
ResultSantos, A. C., Lopes, C. M. M., Guimarães, J. T., & Barros, H. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803035 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Kingston, R. (2004) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200410000-00006 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
The role of interleukin-18 in the metabolic syndrome
Trøseid, M., Seljeflot, I., & Arnesen, H. (2010) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/1475-2840-9-11 · Cited by 155 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As already stated, adipocytes behave as immune cells [72– 75] and are able to synthesize and release a huge amount of proinflammatory adipokines and cytokines including leptin, resistin, PAI-1, IL-6, TNFα, retinol-binding protein 4 (see [16]), IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), CRP, macrophage migration…”
BackgroundLifestyle factors and incident metabolic syndrome
Wilsgaard, T., & Jacobsen, B. K. (2007) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2007.03.006 · Cited by 153 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Increasing incidence of the metabolic syndrome all over the world accompanies adoption of the so-called modern Western lifestyle [37, 38].”
BackgroundFuruhashi, M., Ura, N., Takizawa, H., Yoshida, D., Moniwa, N., Murakami, H., Higashiura, K., & Shimamoto, K. (2004) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200410000-00021 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Wang, B., Wood, I. S., & Trayhurn, P. (2008) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-08-0156 · Cited by 147 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This high vascularisation is most probably due to the action of angiogenic/proinflammatory factors, of which leptin constitutes an example [94, 95].”
BackgroundHegele, R. A., JOY, T. R., Al-Attar, S. A., & Rutt, B. K. (2007) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r700004-jlr200 · Cited by 141 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is well known that the lack of adipose tissue, as evident in lipodystrophy [41], may equally lead to the development of metabolic syndrome.”
BackgroundPostprandial Variations of Plasma Inflammatory Markers in Abdominally Obese Men
Blackburn, P., Després, J., Lamarche, B., Tremblay, A., Bergeron, J., Lemieux, I., & Couillard, C. (2006) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2006.201 · Cited by 140 · cited 1× · see citing works
“An immediate postprandial increase in plasma inflammatory markers after a high-fat meal had been shown in abdominally obese men [98].”
BackgroundWelsh, P., Polisecki, E., Robertson, M., Jahn, S., Buckley, B. M., de Craen, A. J. M., Ford, I., Jukema, J. W., Macfarlane, P. W., Packard, C. J., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-1064 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Committed subcutaneous preadipocytes are reduced in human obesity
Tchoukalova, Y. D., Koutsari, C., & Jensen, M. D. (2006) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-006-0496-9 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The proatherogenic cytokine interleukin-18 is secreted by human adipocytes
Skurk, T., Kolb, H., Müller-Scholze, S., Röhrig, K., Hauner, H., & Herder, C. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.01897 · Cited by 135 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As already stated, adipocytes behave as immune cells [72– 75] and are able to synthesize and release a huge amount of proinflammatory adipokines and cytokines including leptin, resistin, PAI-1, IL-6, TNFα, retinol-binding protein 4 (see [16]), IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), CRP, macrophage migration…”
BackgroundBellingan, G. J., Xu, P., Cooksley, H., Cauldwell, H., Shock, A., Bottoms, S. E., Haslett, C., Mutsaers, S. E., & Laurent, G. J. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20011794 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Herter‐Aeberli, I., Molinari, L., Spinas, G. A., Lehmann, R., l’Allemand, D., & Zimmermann, M. B. (2006) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.4.748 · Cited by 129 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Intakes of total fat and antioxidant vitamins have been shown to be determinants of subclinical inflammation in the same children [102].”
BackgroundHoppmann, J., Perwitz, N., Meier, B., Faßhauer, M., Hadaschik, D., Lehnert, H., & Klein, J. C. (2009) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/joe-09-0292 · Cited by 122 · cited 1× · see citing works
“in determining adipocyte responses implicated in obesityassociated inflammation and cardiovascular complications has recently been demonstrated [93].”
BackgroundCalprotectin — A Novel Marker of Obesity
Mortensen, O. H., Nielsen, A. R., Erikstrup, C., Plomgaard, P., Fischer, C. P., Krogh‐Madsen, R., Lindegaard, B., Petersen, A. M. W., Taudorf, S., & Pedersen, B. K. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007419 · Cited by 118 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Recent studies have been confirming the positive association between obesity indices and inflammatory markers, mainly CRP protein in women [34, 35], but also other inflammatory markers, both in women and men [31, 36].”
BackgroundBertin, É., Nguyên, P., Guenounou, M., Durlach, V., Potron, G., & Leuténegger, M. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Relationship and Interaction between Sodium and Potassium
Morris, R. C., Schmidlin, O., Frassetto, L. A., & Sebastián, A. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2006.10719576 · Cited by 101 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some associations between dietary patterns and resistance to obesity, namely, the importance of the diet acid load [113], nondigestible plant material [114], or the richness in certain minerals [115] may indeed include effects of those elements on the microbiota.”
BackgroundYou, T., Nicklas, B. J., Ding, J., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Goodpaster, B. H., Bauer, D. C., Tylavsky, F. A., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., & for the Health, A. A. B. C. S. (2008) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/63.4.414 · Cited by 101 · cited 7× · see citing works
“It is apparently more susceptible to lipolysis than subcutaneous adipose tissue [64] and is associated with higher production of TNF-α [64, 65], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) [66], IL-6, and CRP [67].”
BackgroundInfluentialAlexaki, V. I., Notas, G., Pelekanou, V., Kampa, M., Valkanou, M., Theodoropoulos, P. A., Stathopoulos, E. N., Tsapis, A., & Castanas, E. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901186 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Adrenocortical dysregulation as a major player in insulin resistance and onset of obesity
Roberge, C., Carpentier, A. C., Langlois, M., Baillargeon, J., Ardilouze, J., Maheux, P., & Gallo‐Payet, N. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00516.2007 · Cited by 87 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Functional relationships between adipocytes and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [91] or between adipocytes and adrenocortex/aldosterone [92] do probably deserve more attention.”
BackgroundWildman, R. P. (2009) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32832c6db7 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Serum C-Reactive Protein and White Blood Cell Count in Morbidly Obese Surgical Patients
Chen, S.-B., Lee, Y.-C., Ser, K., Chen, J., Chen, S. C., Hsieh, H., & Lee, W. (2008) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-008-9619-3 · Cited by 82 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In good agreement with this interpretation of things, weight loss of obese patients is repeatedly verified to be associated with a decrease of inflammation biomarkers [17–21] accompanied by improvement of metabolic parameters, namely, insulin sensitivity [22–26].”
ResultAdipocyte Size and Liability to Cell Death
Monteiro, R., de Castro, P. M. S. T., Calhau, C., & Azevedo, I. (2006) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089206777346600 · Cited by 81 · cited 1× · see citing works
“We have shown that big adipocytes are more prone to rupture [45], and cell rupture will obviously constitute a focus of inflammation.”
BackgroundSelf-citationLow Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet Increases C-Reactive Protein during Weight Loss
Rankin, J. W., & Turpyn, A. D. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719598 · Cited by 79 · cited 1× · see citing works
“They also showed that the proinflammatory effect of the high-fat diet was not dependent on oxidative stress [104, 105].”
BackgroundAdipose stress-sensing kinases: linking obesity to malfunction
Rudich, A., Kanety, H., & Bashan, N. (2007) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2007.08.006 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Association between C-Reactive Protein and Adiposity in Women
Bochud, M., Marquant, F., Marques-Vidal, P. M., Vollenweider, P., Beckmann, J. S., Mooser, V., Paccaud, F. M., & Rousson, V. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-2428 · Cited by 71 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Recent studies have been confirming the positive association between obesity indices and inflammatory markers, mainly CRP protein in women [34, 35], but also other inflammatory markers, both in women and men [31, 36].”
BackgroundLee, I. S., Shin, G., & Choue, R. (2010) · Endocrine Journal · doi:10.1507/endocrj.k09e-046 · Cited by 70 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These results are corroborated in a recently published experimental research work in mice, where it has been shown that a shift from a high-fat to a high-carbohydrate diet improved levels of adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines [106].”
ResultHassanali, Z., Ametaj, B. N., Field, C. J., Proctor, S. D., & Vine, D. F. (2009) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01130.x · Cited by 67 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Moreover, acute dietary n-3 PUFA dietary supplementation has been shown to improve fasting as well as postprandial lipid metabolism and components of the associated inflammatory response in the JCR:LA-cp rat [100].”
BackgroundZimmermann, M. B., & Herter‐Aeberli, I. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.202 · Cited by 67 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Total dietary fat and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance and high blood pressure as well as obesityrelated inflammation [97].”
BackgroundHuynh, M.-L. N., Fadok, V. A., & Henson, P. M. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200211638 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Parhofer, K. G., & Barrett, P. H. R. (2006) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r600013-jlr200 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The gut microbiota ecology: a new opportunity for the treatment of metabolic diseases ?
Burcelin, R. (2009) · Frontiers in Bioscience · doi:10.2741/3589 · Cited by 55 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[107] R.”
ResultRattarasarn, C., Leelawattana, R., Soonthornpun, S., Setasuban, W., Thamprasit, A., Lim, A., Chayanunnukul, W., Thamkumpee, N., & Daendumrongsub, T. (2003) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00257-9 · Cited by 45 · cited 1× · see citing works
“glucose tolerance [60], elevated blood pressure [61, 62], and dyslipidemia [58, 63].”
BackgroundShemesh, T., Rowley, K., Jenkins, A. J., Brimblecombe, J. K., Best, J. D., & O’Dea, K. (2006) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803350 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Inflammatory Response to a High‐fat, Low‐carbohydrate Weight Loss Diet: Effect of Antioxidants
Peairs, A., & Rankin, J. W. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.252 · Cited by 39 · cited 1× · see citing works
“They also showed that the proinflammatory effect of the high-fat diet was not dependent on oxidative stress [104, 105].”
BackgroundFasting and postprandial markers of inflammation in lean and overweight children
Alvarez, J. A., Higgins, P. B., Oster, R. A., Fernández, J. R., Darnell, B. E., & Gower, B. A. (2009) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2008.26926 · Cited by 38 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It must, however, be taken into account that inflammatory markers increase even after a mixed meal, more so in children with central obesity [103].”
BackgroundMartos, R., Valle, M., Morales, R. M., Cañete, R., Gascón, F., & Urbano, M. M. (2009) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.03.017 · Cited by 34 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In good agreement with this interpretation of things, weight loss of obese patients is repeatedly verified to be associated with a decrease of inflammation biomarkers [17–21] accompanied by improvement of metabolic parameters, namely, insulin sensitivity [22–26].”
ResultHerter‐Aeberli, I., Beljean, N., Lehmann, R., et al. (2008) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2008.128 · Cited by 28 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Increased central and overall adiposity in children is associated with higher circulating adipocyte protein 2 (aP2) concentrations, high dietary intakes of total fat and saturated fat influencing aP2 association with insulin resistance and inflammation [101].”
BackgroundTejido adiposo como diana terapéutica en la obesidad
Medina‐Gómez, G., & Vidal‐Puig, A. (2009) · Endocrinología y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/s1575-0922(09)72710-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Monteiro, R., Calhau, C., & Azevedo, I. (2007) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-007-0636-x · Cited by 11 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The factors involved in this preadipocyte behaviour deserve investigation [88].”
BackgroundSelf-citationChronic Inflammation in the Metabolic Syndrome: Emphasis on Adipose Tissue
Monteiro, R. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9701-0_4 · Cited by 11 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Although this interesting finding needs to be confirmed and extended to other inflammatory markers, it supports the emphasis we are giving to adipose tissue in metabolic syndrome-associated chronic inflammation [15].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMoléculas solubles de adhesión intercelular tipo 1 y proteína C reactiva tras cirugía bariátrica
Soler, I. O., Gómez, F. I., Ortega, M. G., Tafalla, M. S. A., Paredes, M. P., Almela, M. L. L., Saura, M. H. P., & Díaz, M. P. (2010) · Endocrinología y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endonu.2010.01.008 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Azevedo, A., Santos, A. C., Ribeiro, L. V. P. T., & Azevedo, I. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9701-0_1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationObstructive Sleep Apnoea and Adipocyte Death
Monteiro, R., Calhau, C., & Azevedo, I. (2006) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.10.010 · Cited by 6 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Whereas subcutaneous adipocytes can also become hypertrophic, and most probably do also rupture, visceral adipocytes, besides being supported by much less dense connective tissue in comparison with subcutaneous adipose tissue, are frequently subject to sudden pressure variations associated with cough, physical exercis…”
BackgroundSelf-citationAbdominal Cavity Compliance: A Participant More in the Building Up of Visceral Obesity
Monteiro, R., Keating, E., Castro, P. T., et al. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.34 · Cited by 3 · cited 1× · see citing works
“A state of positive energetic balance, with fat accrual along time, demands plasticity of the adipose tissue, which includes formation of new adipocytes and also physical compliance of the anatomical spaces for adipose tissue expansion [39].”
BackgroundSelf-citationObstructive Sleep Apnoea and aDipocyte Death: Authors Reply
Ferreira, S., Winck, J. C., Bettencourt, P., & Rocha‐Gonçalves, F. (2006) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2006.10.004 · Cited by 1 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Whereas subcutaneous adipocytes can also become hypertrophic, and most probably do also rupture, visceral adipocytes, besides being supported by much less dense connective tissue in comparison with subcutaneous adipose tissue, are frequently subject to sudden pressure variations associated with cough, physical exercis…”
BackgroundAlberti (1998) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199807)15:7
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 124 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- 2003, Endocrine Practice, 9, 237
- 2000, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 85, 3338
- 2000, Diabetes and Metabolism, 26, 178
- 2008, International Journal of Obesity, 32, S11
- 2006, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 25, 262S
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Inflammation and tumor progression: signaling pathways and targeted intervention
Zhao, H., Wu, L., Yan, G., Chen, Y., Zhou, M., Wu, Y., & Li, Y. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00658-5 · Cited by 2,907 · see citing works
Chlorogenic acid (CGA): A pharmacological review and call for further research
Naveed, M., Hejazi, V., Abbas, M., Kamboh, A. A., Khan, G. J., Shumzaid, M., Ahmad, F., Babazadeh, D., FangFang, X., Modarresi-Ghazani, F., et al. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.064 · Cited by 1,586 · see citing works
Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Obesity
Fernández-Sánchez, A., Madrigal‐Santillán, E., Bautista, M., Esquivel-Soto, J., Morales‐González, Á., Esquivel-Chirino, C., Durante-Montiel, I., Sánchez-Rivera, G., Valadez-Vega, M. D. C., & Morales‐González, J. A. (2011) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms12053117 · Cited by 1,536 · see citing works
“The amount of internalized FFA in liver is not regulated; thus, it is proportional to the plasma, in addition it also increases lipogenesis in the body and enhances intracellular accumulation of TG [34].”
BackgroundInfluentialKim, K., Gu, W., Lee, I., Joh, E., & Kim, D. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047713 · Cited by 1,184 · see citing works
“However, recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, as well as increased oxidative stress as reflected in increased reactive oxygen species, could accelerate the development of metabolic syndrome [4,5].”
BackgroundOxidative stress and metabolic disorders: Pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies
Rani, V., Deep, G., Singh, R. K., Palle, K., & Yadav, U. C. S. (2016) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.002 · Cited by 1,151 · see citing works
“of oxygen, accumulation of cellular damage, diet and mitochondrial activity [65-69].”
BackgroundBaumeister, D., Akhtar, R., Ciufolini, S., Pariante, C. M., & Mondelli, V (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2015.67 · Cited by 1,084 · see citing works
“…to several psychiatric disorders, including depression 3 , anxiety 4 , psychosis 5 and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 4 , as well as several chronic physical health problems, including rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, lung disease, metabolic syndrome and cancer 6,2,7 .”
Obesity and Cancer Mechanisms: Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation
Iyengar, N. M., Gucalp, A., Dannenberg, A. J., & Hudis, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2016.67.4283 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
“This is paralleled by the increased production ofMCP-1 and several other cytokines that are traditionally involved in wound healing.(26) In addition to recruitment, MCP-1may also stimulate proliferation of macrophages within adipose tissue.”
BackgroundSantana‐Gálvez, J., Cisneros‐Zevallos, L., & Jacobo‐Velázquez, D. A. (2017) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules22030358 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
“A so, chronic inflammation has bee associated with metabolic syndrome [57].”
BackgroundChronic Low Grade Inflammation in Pathogenesis of PCOS
Rudnicka, E., Suchta, K., Grymowicz, M., Calik-Ksepka, A., Smolarczyk, K., Duszewska, A. M., Smolarczyk, R., & Meczekalski, B. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22073789 · Cited by 680 · see citing works
“Obesity is a metabolic condition characterized by chronic inflammation state with higher pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and oxidative stress (OS) markers levels [5,6].”
BackgroundLong COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus
Raman, B., Bluemke, D. A., Lüscher, T. F., & Neubauer, S. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac031 · Cited by 673 · see citing works
The Potential Benefits of Red Beetroot Supplementation in Health and Disease
Clifford, T., Howatson, G., West, D., & Stevenson, E. (2015) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu7042801 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
“Chronic inflammation is often implicated in the onset and progression of several clinical disorders such as obesity, liver disease, cancer and heart disease [69,74,75].”
BackgroundEssandoh, K., Li, Y., Huo, J., & Fan, G. (2016) · Shock · doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000604 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Sarcopenia: A Contemporary Health Problem among Older Adult Populations
Papadopoulou, S. Κ. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12051293 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
The macrophage switch in obesity development
Castoldi, A., Naffah de Souza, C., Câmara, N. O. S., & Moraes-Vieira, P. M. (2016) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00637 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Health benefits of resveratrol: Evidence from clinical studies
Singh, A. P., Singh, R., Verma, S. S., Rai, V., Kaschula, C. H., Maiti, P., & Gupta, S. C. (2019) · Medicinal Research Reviews · doi:10.1002/med.21565 · Cited by 523 · see citing works
“Chronic inflammation is at present widely accepted to be a pathophysiological trigger of many metabolic diseases including obesity, T2DM, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG).(40,41) Chronic inflammation is also known to play a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance.”
BackgroundChung, H. Y., Kim, D. H., Lee, E. K., Chung, K. W., Chung, S., Lee, B., Seo, A. Y., Chung, J. H., Jung, Y. S., Im, E., et al. (2018) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2018.0324 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Bioactive compounds of beetroot and utilization in food processing industry: A critical review
Chhikara, N., Kushwaha, K., Sharma, P., Gat, Y., & Panghal, A. (2019) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.022 · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Estaki, M., Pither, J., Baumeister, P., Little, J. P., Gill, S. K., Ghosh, S., Ahmadi-Vand, Z., Marsden, K. R., & Gibson, D. L. (2016) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-016-0189-7 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
“Continuous low-level translocation of LPS into circulation can induce chronic low-level inflammatory states that are associated with development of obesity and other metabolic syndromes [47].”
BackgroundInvited review: Inflammation during the transition to lactation: New adventures with an old flame
Bradford, B. J., Yuan, K., Farney, J. K., Mamedova, L. K., & Carpenter, A. J. (2015) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2015-9683 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
“(Monteiro and Azevedo, 2010), and cancer (Coussens and Werb, 2002), and numerous reviews have been written on the problem of nonresolution and its corresponding mechanisms (Nathan and Ding, 2010; Serhan, 2011).”
BackgroundMohr, A. E., Jäger, R., Carpenter, K. C., Kerksick, C. M., Purpura, M., Townsend, J. R., West, N. P., Black, K., Gleeson, M., Pyne, D. B., et al. (2020) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-020-00353-w · Cited by 378 · see citing works
“Continuous low-level translocation of LPS into circulation can induce chronic low-level inflammatory states associated with development of obesity and other metabolic syndromes [92].”
BackgroundFlavonoids and their role in oxidative stress, inflammation, and human diseases
Jomová, K., Alomar, S. Y., Valko, R., Líška, J., Nepovimová, E., Kuča, K., & Valko, M. (2025) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2025.111489 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Kwaifa, I. K., Bahari, H., Yong, Y. K., & Noor, S. M. (2020) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom10020291 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
“In addition, oxidative stress associated with excessive intake of fat and other macronutrients devoid of antioxidant-rich food results in inflammation attributed to obesity [13].”
BackgroundNani, A., Murtaza, B., Sayed Khan, A., Khan, N. A., & Hichami, A. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26040985 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
“After being activated, all of these kinases trigger pro-inflammatory cytokines, chiefly through the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors in adipose tissue cells [69,70].”
BackgroundThe role of leptin/adiponectin ratio in metabolic syndrome and diabetes
López-Jaramillo, P., Gómez-Arbeláez, D., López-López, J., López-López, C., Martínez-Ortega, J., Gómez-Rodríguez, A., & Triana-Cubillos, S. (2014) · Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1515/hmbci-2013-0053 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
“The relationship between inflammation and MetS is supported by several studies [1, 18, 22], as is the association between increased visceral fat mass and MetS [23].”
BackgroundVascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI)
Rundek, T., Tolea, M. I., Ariko, T., Fagerli, E. A., & Camargo, C. J. (2021) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-021-01170-y · Cited by 325 · see citing works
“Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the link between obesity and cognitive function, including chronic low grade systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese individuals [184], increased permeability of the BBB [185], and increased insulin resistance leading to declines in glucose metabolism, all o…”
BackgroundShao, W., Yu, Z., Chiang, Y., Yang, Y., Chai, T., Foltz, W. D., Lu, H., Fantus, I. G., & Jin, T. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028784 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
“In mature adipocytes, increased oxidative stress in response to HFD could contribute to increased inflammatory signaling, which is at least partially responsible for the impairment of whole body insulin sensitivity [29].”
BackgroundMetabolic triggered inflammation in osteoarthritis.
Wang, X., Hunter, D., Xu, J., & Ding, C. (2015) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2014.10.002 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Obesity and Cancer: Local and Systemic Mechanisms
Iyengar, N. M., Hudis, C. A., & Dannenberg, A. J. (2015) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-050913-022228 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
“These observations are partly explained by the limitations of BMI as a reflection of overall health or specifically the quality of adipose tissue.”
BackgroundInfluentialInternational Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Probiotics
Jäger, R., Mohr, A. E., Carpenter, K. C., Kerksick, C. M., Purpura, M., Moussa, A., Townsend, J. R., Lamprecht, M., West, N. P., Black, K., et al. (2019) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0329-0 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
NAD metabolism: Implications in aging and longevity
Yaku, K., Okabe, K., & Nakagawa, T. (2018) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2018.05.006 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Lafarga, T., Acién, F. G., & García‐Vaquero, M. (2020) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2020.101909 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Booz, G. W. (2011) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.007 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
“Metabolic overload of adipocytes causes production of ROS, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokines that activate inflammatory genes and stress kinases and interfere with insulin signaling [76,77].”
BackgroundNuclear sirtuins and inflammatory signaling pathways
Mendes, K. L., Lelis, D. D. F., & Santos, S. H. S. (2017) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.11.001 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches
Santos, A. L., & Sinha, S. (2021) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2021.101268 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
RAGE is a nucleic acid receptor that promotes inflammatory responses to DNA
Sirois, C. M., Jin, T., Miller, A. L., Bertheloot, D., Nakamura, H., Horvath, G. L., Mian, A., Jiang, J., Schrum, J. E., Bossaller, L., et al. (2013) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20120201 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Metformin improves obesity-associated inflammation by altering macrophages polarization
Jing, Y., Wu, F., Li, D., Yang, L., Li, Q., & Li, R. (2017) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.025 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Chlorogenic Acid Improves High Fat Diet-Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance in Mice
Ma, Y., Gao, M., & Liu, D. (2014) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-014-1526-9 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
‘Adipaging’: ageing and obesity share biological hallmarks related to a dysfunctional adipose tissue
Pérez, L. M., Pareja‐Galeano, H., Sanchis‐Gomar, F., Emanuele, E., Lucia, A., & Gálvez, B. G. (2016) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp271691 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“In order to cope with it, the stressed ER engages the unfolded protein response which, if not relieved, may induce cell death via apoptosis (Mori, 2000; Zhao & Ackerman, 2006; Monteiro & Azevedo, 2010).”
BackgroundPeripheral oxytocin treatment ameliorates obesity by reducing food intake and visceral fat mass
Maejima, Y., Iwasaki, Y., Yamahara, Y., Kodaira, M., Sedbazar, U., & Yada, T. (2011) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100408 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
“Fatty liver impairs glucose and lipid metabolism, thereby promoting type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, and also increases the risk of cirrhosis and hepatic cancer [19].”
BackgroundXie, D., Gong, M., Wei, W., Jin, J., Wang, X., Wang, X., & Jin, Q. (2019) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12427 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Impact of Obesity-Induced Inflammation on Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
Battineni, G., Sagaro, G. G., Chintalapudi, N., Amenta, F., Tomassoni, D., & Tayebati, S. K. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094798 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Estrogen Signaling in Metabolic Inflammation
Monteiro, R., Teixeira, D., & Calhau, C. (2014) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2014/615917 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
“Besides, LPS and nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, hypoxia, cell damage, and death can activate metabolic inflammation in various cells types [6, 8, 25–28].”
BackgroundSelf-citationA hypothesis for pathobiology and treatment of COVID‐19 : The centrality of ACE1 / ACE2 imbalance
Sriram, K., & Insel, P. A. (2020) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.15082 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“The metabolic syndrome is associated with chronic inflammation, which may be a causative feature of this syndrome (Monteiro & Azevedo, 2010).”
BackgroundObesity-Related Changes in High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism and Function
Stadler, J. T., & Marsche, G. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21238985 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Adipose Tissue Dysregulation in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Bremer, A. A., Devaraj, S., Afify, A. M., & Jialal, I. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1577 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Phenolic compounds as natural and multifunctional anti-obesity agents: A review
Rodríguez‐Pérez, C., Segura‐Carretero, A., & Contreras, M. D. M. (2017) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2017.1399859 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Systemic Correlates of White Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Iyengar, N. M., Zhou, X. K., Gucalp, A., Morris, P. G., Howe, L. R., Giri, D. D., Morrow, M., Wang, H., Pollak, M., Jones, L. W., et al. (2015) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2239 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
“Moreover, chronic inflammation appears to play a pathogenic role in atherosclerosis, diabetes, and other conditions associated with the metabolic syndrome – a group of disorders that includes obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fasting hyperglycemia (16-19).”
BackgroundMetabolic syndrome, Mediterranean diet, and polyphenols: Evidence and perspectives
Finicelli, M., Squillaro, T., Cristo, F. D., Salle, A. D., Melone, M. A. B., Galderisi, U., & Peluso, G. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.27506 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“This increases FFAs while reducing adiponectin release (Monteiro & Azevedo, 2010).”
BackgroundVisceral obesity relates to deep white matter hyperintensities via inflammation
Lampe, L., Zhang, R., Beyer, F., Hühn, S., Masouleh, S. K., Preusser, S., Bazin, P., Schroeter, M. L., Villringer, A., & Witte, A. V. (2018) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.25396 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
“These latter mechanisms could have contributed to our results, given that visceral obesity is linked to higher circulating IL6 and high-sensitivity CRP, indicating lowgrade systemic inflammation.(20,43) Interestingly, studies comparing subcutaneous with visceral adipose tissue not only revealed a higher association wi…”
BackgroundResultConsumption of Chlorogenic Acids through Coffee and Health Implications
Farah, A., & Lima, J. D. P. (2019) · Beverages · doi:10.3390/beverages5010011 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“Chronic inflammation has also been associated with the underlying cause of dysregulation of adipocytokines and development of metabolic syndrome [112,193].”
BackgroundPereira, C. P. M., Souza, A. C. R., Vasconcelos, A. R., Prado, P. S., & Name, J. J. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.3892/ijmm.2020.4783 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“This disease has risk factors that are also strongly associated with the development of cardiovascular complications, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and abdominal fat deposition (84).”
Backgroundvan der Weerd, K., Dik, W. A., Schrijver, B., Schweitzer, D. H., Langerak, A. W., Drexhage, H. A., Kiewiet, R. M., van Aken, M. O., van Huisstede, A., van Dongen, J. J. M., et al. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1065 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“Because obesity is characterized by abnormal production of proinflammatory cytokines (28), we hypothesized that cytokines involved in T-cell proliferation, survival, and recruitment might also be produced in excess in morbidly obese subjects.”
Ramakrishnan, V. M., & Boyd, N. L. (2017) · Tissue Engineering Part B Reviews · doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2017.0061 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Nascent Metabolic Syndrome
Bremer, A. A., & Jialal, I. (2013) · Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1155/2013/393192 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
“The relationship between inflammation andMetS is supported by several studies [2, 4, 18, 19], as is the relationship between increased visceral fat mass andMetS [20–22].”
BackgroundMorys, F., Dadar, M., & Dagher, A. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab135 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Capsaicin in Metabolic Syndrome
Panchal, S. K., Bliss, E., & Brown, L. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10050630 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Yang, R., Xiu, H., Zhou, Q., Sun, L., Mu, H., Li, H., Wang, S., Li, X., Chen, W., & Dong, J. (2019) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2019/4809836 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Obesity and Inflammation: New Insights into Breast Cancer Development and Progression
Iyengar, N. M., Hudis, C. A., & Dannenberg, A. J. (2013) · American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book · doi:10.1200/edbook_am.2013.33.46 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Ahmad, R., Rah, B., Bastola, D. K., Dhawan, P., & Singh, A. B. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04989-8 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Fibrosis Assessment in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in 2016
Kaswala, D. H., Lai, M., & Afdhal, N. H. (2016) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-016-4079-4 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Psoriasis and comorbidities: links and risks
Chiu, M. W., & Ni, C. S. (2014) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology · doi:10.2147/ccid.s44843 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Dietary and Endogenous Sphingolipid Metabolism in Chronic Inflammation
Norris, G. H., & Blesso, C. N. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9111180 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“Nevertheless, chronic low-grade inflammation promotes metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, which contribute to these metabolic diseases [63].”
BackgroundToll-like receptors, inflammation, metabolism and obesity
Fresno, M., Álvarez, R., & Cuesta, N. (2011) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.3109/13813455.2011.562514 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“…is now considered as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation which is characterized by the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 from both adipocytes and immune cells (Hotamisligil, 2006; Monteiro & Azevedo, 2010; Xu et al., 2003).”
BackgroundIyengar, N. M., Brown, K. A., Zhou, X. K., Gucalp, A., Subbaramaiah, K., Giri, D. D., Zahid, H., Bhardwaj, P., Wendel, N. K., Falcone, D. J., et al. (2017) · Cancer Prevention Research · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0314 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Pauls, S. D., Rodway, L. A., Winter, T., Taylor, C. G., Zahradka, P. C., & Aukema, H. M. (2018) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.03.020 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Obesity and its impact on female reproductive health: unraveling the connections
Zheng, L., Yang, L.-X., Guo, Z., Yao, N., Zhang, S., & Pu, P.-P. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1326546 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Gérard, C., & Brown, K. A. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2017.09.014 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“inflammatory factors, including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), causing chronic in-breast inflammation [103, 104].”
Sandrini, L., Minno, A. D., Amadio, P., Ieraci, A., Tremoli, E., & Barbieri, S. S. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19082281 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“Obesity is a metabolic dysfunction recently associated also with a low-grade inflammatory state [2,3].”
BackgroundMuhammad, H. F. L., van Baak, M. A., Mariman, E. C. M., Sulistyoningrum, D. C., Huriyati, E., Lee, Y. Y., & Muda, W. A. M. W. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11010148 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“One of the mechanisms which may explain the interaction between obesity and the development of NCDs is systemic and adipose tissue inflammation [3,4].”
BackgroundInfluentialGavia-García, G., Rosado-Pérez, J., Arista-Ugalde, T. L., Aguíñiga-Sánchez, I., Santiago‐Osorio, E., & Mendoza-Núñez, V. M. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10040253 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Misiak, B., Leszek, J., & Kiejna, A. (2012) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.08.003 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Bujtor, M., Turner, A. I., Torres, S. J., Esteban‐Gonzalo, L., Pariante, C. M., & Borsini, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020356 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Wu, Q., Sun, L., Hu, X., Wang, X., Xu, F., Chen, B., Liang, X., Xia, J., Wang, P., Aibara, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci142865 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“In addition to cholesterol, sphingolipids also play a crucial role in chronic inflammation (34), and ceramide levels were found to be elevated in human atherosclerotic plaques (15).”
BackgroundAlicka, M., Major, P., Wysocki, M., & Marycz, K. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8060765 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The role of the T cell in age-related inflammation
Macaulay, R., Akbar, A. N., & Henson, S. M. (2012) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-012-9381-2 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“…diseases, including RA (Feldmann and Maini 2003 ), cardiovascular diseases (Libby et al. 2010), cancer (Grivennikov and Karin 2011), osteoporosis (Lencel and Magne 2011), metabolic syndrome (Monteiro and Azevedo 2010), frailty syndrome (Ershler 2007) and Alzheimer's disease (Morales et al. 2010).”
BackgroundThota, R. N., Acharya, S. H., & Garg, M. L. (2019) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-019-0967-x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for diabetes
Moreira, A. G., Kahlenberg, S., & Hornsby, P. J. (2017) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/jme-17-0117 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Systemic and ovarian inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Zhai, Y., & Pang, Y. (2022) · Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jri.2022.103628 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Exercise in the Metabolic Syndrome
Golbidi, S., Mesdaghinia, A., & Laher, I. (2012) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2012/349710 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Confrontation with various stressors (oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and elevated concentrations of fatty acids) activates stress kinases, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal regulated kinase, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB)-kin…”
BackgroundInfluentialInflammation and cancer: paradoxical roles in tumorigenesis and implications in immunotherapies
Liu, X., Yin, L., Shen, S., & Hou, Y. (2021) · Genes & Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.gendis.2021.09.006 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Obesity and breast cancer: A case of inflamed adipose tissue
Kolb, R., & Zhang, W. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12061686 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Moore, G., & Pidgeon, G. P. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18020236 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“This chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue has been shown to potentiate associated obesity-driven pathologies [167,178].”
BackgroundLeisegang, K., Henkel, R., & Agarwal, A. (2019) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/aji.13178 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Influence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors on Platelet Function
Barale, C., & Russo, I. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21020623 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes is associated with the accumulation of senescent T cells
Lau, E. Y. M., Carroll, E. C., Callender, L. A., Hood, G., Berryman, V., Pattrick, M., Finer, S., Hitman, G. A., Ackland, G. L., & Henson, S. M. (2019) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/cei.13344 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Chtourou, Y., Fetoui, H., Jemai, R., Slima, A. B., Makni, M., & Gdoura, R. (2014) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.027 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Fat body, fat pad and adipose tissues in invertebrates and vertebrates: the nexus
Azeez, O. I., Meintjes, R. A., & Chamunorwa, J. P. (2014) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-13-71 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Unlike in lower animals, which utilize stored fat for energy during starvation, poor food availability or during winter, storage of fat has been linked with reduced life expectancy [39] as a result of degenerative diseases and the development of metabolic syndrome(s) including conditions such as diabetes, hypertension…”
BackgroundBonomo, R. R., Cook, T. M., Gavini, C. K., White, C. R., Jones, J. R., Bovo, E., Zima, A. V., Brown, I. A., Dugas, L. R., Zakharian, E., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2006065117 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“Moreover, human obesity is often accompanied by a low-grade chronic inflammation (95) and butyrate has been shown to be antiinflammatory.”
BackgroundMetabolic syndrome and risk of breast cancer mortality by menopause, obesity, and subtype
Dibaba, D. T., Ogunsina, K., Braithwaite, D., & Akinyemiju, T. (2018) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-018-5056-8 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
“Central adiposity is also related to a risk of insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia [41].”
BackgroundMetabolic Syndrome in Patients with Psoriatic Disease
Gelfand, J. M., & Yeung, H. (2012) · Journal of Rheumatology Supplement · doi:10.3899/jrheum.120237 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
de Souza, P. A. L., Marcadenti, A., & Portal, V. L. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9101087 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Obesity and metabolic syndrome are characterized by a chronic and low-grade inflammatory state, increasing the contribution of inflammation to the genesis and evolution of CAD [139,140].”
BackgroundMetabolically Healthy Obesity—Heterogeneity in Definitions and Unconventional Factors
Brandão, I., Martins, M. J., & Monteiro, R. (2020) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo10020048 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction are diseases with a very complex management due to their multifactorial nature involving environmental, genetic, and psychosocial factors interacting through intricate networks [22].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationNatural Bioactive Compounds Useful in Clinical Management of Metabolic Syndrome
Noce, A., Lauro, M. D., Daniele, F. D., Zaitseva, A. P., Marrone, G., Borboni, P., & Daniele, N. D. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020630 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“The pathophysiological processes that involve the metabolic alterations typical of MetS are interrelated and characterized by a low-grade chronic inflammatory state [18], as shown in Figure 1.”
BackgroundRole of High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (Hs-CRP) in Non-communicable Diseases: A Review
Banait, T., Wanjari, A., Danade, V., Banait, S., & Jain, J. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.30225 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“These structural and metabolic changes in the adipocyte make them vulnerable to hypoxic injury and more prone to rupture easily, which ultimately results in the secretion of proinflammatory adipokine in adipose tissue [13,14].”
BackgroundNaudin, C. R., Maner-Smith, K. M., Owens, J. A., Wynn, G. M., Robinson, B. S., Matthews, J. D., Reedy, A. R., Luo, L., Wolfarth, A. A., Darby, T. M., et al. (2020) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.010 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 regulates microglial motility and phagocytic activity
Jeon, H., Kim, J., Kim, J., Lee, W., Lee, M., & Suk, K. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-149 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Extensive studies have been conducted for PAI-1 in cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes [103-107], but little is known about its role in inflammatory diseases of the brain.”
BackgroundGao, M., Ma, Y., & Liu, D. (2013) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-013-1125-1 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Chronic inflammation in obesity is primarily mediated by macrophages (11,12).”
Luvizotto, R. D. A. M., do Nascimento, A. F., Imaizumi, E., Pierine, D. T., Conde, S. J., Corrêa, C. R., Yeum, K., & Ferreira, A. L. A. (2013) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114513001256 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“Many studies have demonstrated that white adipose tissue represents an important site of inflammation((1)), showing insu-”
BackgroundBubnov, R. V., Babenko, L. P., Lazarenko, L. M., Mokrozub, V. V., Demchenko, O. A., Nechypurenko, O. V., & Spivak, M. Y. (2017) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-017-0117-3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation: A Modifiable Pathway Linking Obesity, Alzheimer's disease, and Depression
Ly, M. J., Yu, G. Z., Mian, A., Cramer, A., Meysami, S., Merrill, D. A., Samara, A., Eisenstein, S. A., Hershey, T. G., Babulal, G. M., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2023.06.001 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
- Authors
- Monteiro, R., & Azevedo, I.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Corresponding author
- Monteiro, Rosário
- Venue
- Mediators of Inflammation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 2010
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 0962-9351 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-1861
- PMC
- PMC2913796
- OpenAlex
- W1997248937
- Cited by
- 1,186
- References
- 124
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 93 · 2024: 104 · 2023: 99 · 2022: 126 · 2021: 102 · 2020: 120 · 2019: 113 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Mediators of Inflammation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- obesity, metabolic syndrome, chronic inflammation, adipocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hepatic lipid accumulation, gut microbiota, dietary fat, circadian rhythm, psychological factors, adipose tissue
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Inflammation, Obesity, Adipocytes, Metabolic Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
