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Inverted U-shaped correlation between serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cognitive functions of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Zhang, Haoqiang, Zhu, Wenwen, Niu, Tong, Wang, Zheng, An, Ke, Cao, Wuyou, Shi, Jijing, Wang, Shaohua·2021·Lipids in Health and Disease
DOI 10.1186/s12944-021-01534-5PMC PMC8436464
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Abstract

Background: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) metabolic disorder is common in individuals with diabetes. The role of LDL-C in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains to be explored. We aim to investigate the associations between LDL-C at different levels and details of cognition decline in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Patients with T2DM ( n = 497) were recruited. Clinical parameters and neuropsychological tests were compared between patients with MCI and controls. Goodness of fit was assessed to determine the linear or U-shaped relationship between LDL-C and cognitive function. The cut-off point of LDL-C was calculated. Correlation and regression were carried out to explore the relationship between cognitive dysfunction and LDL-C levels above and below the cut-off point. Results: Although no significant difference in LDL-C levels was detected in 235 patients with MCI, compared with 262 patients without MCI, inverted-U-shaped association was determined between LDL-C and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The cut-off point of LDL-C is 2.686 mmol/l. LDL-C (>2.686 mmol/l) is positively related to Trail Making Test B (TMTB) indicating executive function. LDL-C (<2.686 mmol/l) is positively associated with Clock Drawing Test (CDT) reflecting visual space function in patients with T2DM. Conclusion: Inverted U-shaped correlation was found between serum LDL-C and cognitive function in patients with T2DM. Despite that the mechanisms of different LDL-C levels involved in special cognitive dysfunctions remain incompletely clarified, excessive LDL-C damages executive function, while the deficient LDL-C impairs visual space function. Trial registration: ChiCTR-OCC-15006060 .

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Fig. 1 Comparison of linear and U curve association between LDL-C and MoCA. Cut-off point of LDL-C: 2.686 mmol/l. Abbreviations: LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment
Fig. 1 Comparison of linear and U curve association between LDL-C and MoCA. Cut-off point of LDL-C: 2.686 mmol/l. Abbreviations: LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive AssessmentCC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Zhang, H., Zhu, W., Niu, T., Wang, Z., An, K., Cao, W., Shi, J., & Wang, S.
ORCID
Wang, Shaohua
Venue
Lipids in Health and Disease
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-09-12
Volume
20
Issue
1
ISSN
1476-511X
DOI
10.1186/s12944-021-01534-5
PMC
PMC8436464
Cited by
26
References
4
Language
en
Licence
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81570732, 81370921)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Inverted U-shaped correlation between serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cognitive functions of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1186/s12944-021-01534-5
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Zhang, H., Zhu, W., Niu, T., Wang, Z., An, K., Cao, W., Shi, J., & Wang, S. (2021). Inverted U-shaped correlation between serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and cognitive functions of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids in Health and Disease. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-021-01534-5