Incidence and risk factors for cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity has been identified as an independent risk factor for cholelithiasis. As a treatment for obesity, bariatric surgery may increase the incidence of cholelithiasis. The risk factors for cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery remain uncertain. The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for postoperative cholelithiasis after weight-loss surgery and propose suggestions for clinical decision making. METHODS: Four databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane, were systematically searched for all reports about cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery, and literature screening was performed following prespecified inclusion criteria. The included studies were all evaluated for quality according to the NOS scale. Data extraction was followed by analysis using Reviewer Manager 5.4 and StataSE 15. RESULTS: A total of 19 articles were included in this meta-analysis, and all studies were of high quality. A total of 20,553 patients were included in this study. Sex [OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.55, 0.71), P < 0.00001] and race [OR = 1.62, 95% CI (1.19, 2.19), P = 0.002] were risk factors for cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery. Surgical procedure, preoperative BMI, weight-loss ratio, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were neither protective nor risk factors for cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery. CONCLUSION: Caucasian race and female sex are risk factors for developing cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery; surgical procedure, BMI, weight loss ratio, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking are not risk factors for cholelithiasis after bariatric surgery.
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Gallstones occur in 10-30% of patients post-bariatric surgery.
“Gallstones occur in 10-30% of patients post-bariatric surgery [14]”
From Bridging the nutrition guidance gap for GLP-1 receptor agonist therapy assisted weight loss: Lessons from bariatric surgery (2026) · cites this paper as [14]
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- Authors
- Dai, Y., Luo, B., & Li, W.
- Affiliations
- Central South University (CN)
- Third Xiangya Hospital (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Weizheng
- ORCID
- Venue
- Lipids in Health and Disease
- Published
- 2023-01-14
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5-5
- ISSN
- 1476-511X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9840335
- OpenAlex
- W4316020013
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Lipids in Health and Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Gallbladder and Bile Duct Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques
- Keywords
- gallstones, bariatric surgery, postoperative complications, risk factors, obesity, sex differences, race, female sex
- MeSH terms
- Cholelithiasis, Diabetes Mellitus, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Obesity, Obesity, Morbid, Weight Loss, Incidence, Bariatric Surgery, Dyslipidemias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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