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αvβ3 integrin-specific exosomes engineered with cyclopeptide for targeted delivery of triptolide against malignant melanoma
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor and is difficult to cure with the alternative treatments of chemotherapy, biotherapy, and immunotherapy. Our previous study showed that triptolide (TP) exhibited powerful tumoricidal activity against melanoma. However, the clinical potential of TP is plagued by its poor aqueous solubility, short half-life, and biotoxicity. Therefore, developing an ideal vehicle to efficiently load TP and achieving targeted delivery to melanoma is a prospective approach for making full use of its antitumor efficacy. Results: We applied exosome (Exo) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUCMSCs) and engineered them exogenously with a cyclic peptide, arginine-glycine-aspartate (cRGD), to encapsulate TP to establish a bionic-targeted drug delivery system (cRGD-Exo/TP), achieving synergism and toxicity reduction. The average size of cRGD-Exo/TP was 157.34 ± 6.21 nm, with a high drug loading of 10.76 ± 1.21%. The in vitro antitumor results showed that the designed Exo delivery platform could be effectively taken up by targeted cells and performed significantly in antiproliferation, anti-invasion, and proapoptotic activities in A375 cells via the caspase cascade and mitochondrial pathways and cell cycle alteration. Furthermore, the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics results demonstrated that cRGD-Exo/TP possessed superior tumor targetability and prolonged the half-life of TP. Notably, cRGD-Exo/TP significantly inhibited tumor growth and extended survival time with negligible systemic toxicity in tumor-bearing mice. Conclusion: The results indicated that the functionalized Exo platform provides a promising strategy for targeted therapy of malignant melanoma. Graphical Abstract:
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“| Malignant melanoma | cRGD-Exo/TP | Prolonged circulation time, higher tumor accumulation, and better targeting compared to non-targeted systems | [262] |”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [262]
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“The experiment of Yongwei Gu et al. developed the cRGD-Exo/TP system, explored its mechanisms and efficacy in vitro and in vivo, and confirmed its good biosafety for targeted transport of triptolide to melanoma [262].”
From Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges (2025) · cites this paper as [262]
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Engineering exosomes for targeted drug delivery
Liang, Y., Duan, L., Lu, J., & Xia, J. (2021) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.52570 · Cited by 1,547
Tian, T., Zhu, Y.-L., Zhou, Y.-Y., Liang, G.-F., Wang, Y.-Y., Hu, F.-H., & Xiao, Z.-D. (2014) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m114.588046 · Cited by 726
Exosomes for drug delivery—A novel application for the mesenchymal stem cell
Lai, R. C., Yeo, R. W. Y., Tan, K. H., & Lim, S. K. (2013) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.008 · Cited by 546
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emerging role of exosomes in cancer therapy: progress and challenges
Li, J., Wang, J., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Molecular Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12943-024-02215-4 · Cited by 297
Metadata
- Authors
- Gu, Y., Du, Y., Jiang, L., Tang, X., Li, A., Zhao, Y., Lang, Y., Liu, X., & Liu, J.
- Venue
- Journal of Nanobiotechnology
- Published
- 2022-08-23
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1477-3155
- PMC
- PMC9400227
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 3
- Language
- en
- Funders
- Shanghai Sailing Program (20YF1412100)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (82074272)
- Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (21XD1403400)
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (20S21900300)
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