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Encapsulation and assessment of therapeutic cargo in engineered exosomes: a systematic review

Chen, Zhen, Xiong, Min, Tian, Jiaqi, Song, Dandan, Duan, Shuyin, Zhang, Lin·2024·Journal of Nanobiotechnology
DOI 10.1186/s12951-023-02259-6PMC PMC10765779
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Abstract

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane containing various biologically active cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Engineered exosomes generated through genetic modification of parent cells show promise as drug delivery vehicles, and they have been demonstrated to have great therapeutic potential for treating cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and immune diseases, but systematic knowledge is lacking regarding optimization of drug loading and assessment of delivery efficacy. This review summarizes current approaches for engineering exosomes and evaluating their drug delivery effects, and current techniques for assessing exosome drug loading and release kinetics, cell targeting, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic outcomes are critically examined. Additionally, this review synthesizes the latest applications of exosome engineering and drug delivery in clinical translation. The knowledge compiled in this review provides a framework for the rational design and rigorous assessment of exosomes as therapeutics. Continued advancement of robust characterization methods and reporting standards will accelerate the development of exosome engineering technologies and pave the way for clinical studies. Graphical Abstract

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Metadata

Authors
Chen, Z., Xiong, M., Tian, J., Song, D., Duan, S., & Zhang, L.
Venue
Journal of Nanobiotechnology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2024-01-03
Volume
22
Issue
1
ISSN
1477-3155
DOI
10.1186/s12951-023-02259-6
PMC
PMC10765779
Cited by
163
References
3
Language
en
Licence
Funders
  • the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong (ZR2020QH290)
  • the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (No. tsqn202211359)
  • the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003405)

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