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Cited by 32Family Caregiving in Mental IllnessSchizophrenia research and treatmentNursing care and research

Assessment of the consequences of caregiving in psychosis: a psychometric comparison of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ)

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Gonçalves-Pereira, Manuel, González-Fraile, Eduardo, Santos-Zorrozúa, Borja, Martín-Carrasco, Manuel, Fernández-Catalina, Paola, Domínguez-Panchón, Ana I., Muñoz-Hermoso, Paula, Ballesteros, Javier·2017·Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
DOI 10.1186/s12955-017-0626-8PMC PMC5382493
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) was originally developed to assess the level of subjective burden in caregivers of people with dementia. The Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ) is amongst the leading scales to assess caregiving consequences in severe mental illness. We aimed to compare the psychometric properties of the ZBI, a generic tool, and of the IEQ, a more specific tool to assess the consequences of caregiving in schizophrenia and related disorders. METHODS: Secondary analyses of a 16-week, randomized controlled trial of a psychoeducational intervention in 223 primary caregivers of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Psychometric properties (internal consistency, convergent and discriminative validity, and sensitivity to change) were evaluated for both ZBI and IEQ. RESULTS: Internal consistency was good and similar for both scales (ZBI: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89, 0.94; IEQ: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.89). Convergent validity was relevant for similar domains (e.g. ZBI total score vs IEQ-tension r = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.75) and at least moderate for the rest of domains (ZBI total score, personal strain and role strain vs IEQ-urging and supervision). Discriminative validity against psychological distress and depressive symptoms was good (Area Under the Curve [AUC]: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.83; and 0.69, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.78 - for ZBI against GHQ-28 and CES-D respectively; and AUC: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.78; and 0.69, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.77 - for IEQ against GHQ-28 and CES-D respectively). AUCs against the reference criteria did not differ significantly between the two scales. After the intervention, both scales showed a significant decrease at endpoint (p-values < 0.001) with similar standardised effect sizes for change (-0.36, 95% CI: -0.58, -0.15 - for ZBI; -0.39, 95% CI: -0.60, -0.18 - for IEQ). CONCLUSIONS: Both ZBI and IEQ have shown satisfactory psychometric properties to assess caregiver burden in this sample. We provided further evidence on the performance of the ZBI as a general measure of subjective burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ( ISRCTN32545295 ).

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  • In Colombia, the CQOLC instrument was translated and cross-culturally adapted in caregivers of oncology patients at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología.

    “En Colombia, se realizó la traducción y adaptación transcultural del instrumento CQOLC en cuidadores de pacientes oncológicos en el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (37).”

    From Factores relacionados con sobrecarga del cuidador informal de pacientes con cáncer avanzado (2024) · cites this paper as [37]

    The Methods and Results describe caregivers of people with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Spain and Portugal, and the Discussion addresses the ZBI and IEQ. Searches for CQOLC, Colombia, the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, and an adaptation for oncology caregivers found no passage addressing the claimed translation and adaptation. (LLM, conf=0.76)

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Authors
Gonçalves-Pereira, M., González-Fraile, E., Santos-Zorrozúa, B., Martín-Carrasco, M., Fernández-Catalina, P., Domínguez-Panchón, A. I., Muñoz-Hermoso, P., & Ballesteros, J.
Affiliations
  • Fidmag Sisters Hospitallers (ES)
  • University of the Basque Country (ES)
ORCID
Venue
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2017-01
Volume
15
Issue
1
Pages
63-63
ISSN
1477-7525 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1186/s12955-017-0626-8
PMC
PMC5382493
OpenAlex
W2604385448
Cited by
32
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1
FWCI
2.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Communities in ADDI (University of the Basque Country) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Communities in ADDI (Universidad del Pais Vasco) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Re-Unir (International University of La Rioja) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI10/01049)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Nursing care and research
Keywords
caregiver burden, Zarit Burden Interview, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, psychometric properties, convergent validity, discriminant validity, sensitivity to change, primary caregivers, psychoeducational intervention, caregiver psychological distress, depressive symptoms, role strain, scale comparison, psychometric invariance, scale invariance
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Stress, Psychological, Caregivers, Cost of Illness

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