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A narrative review of alcohol consumption as a risk factor for global burden of disease
Open accessAbstract
Since the original Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) for alcohol consumption as part of the Global Burden of Disease Study for 1990, there had been regular updates of CRAs for alcohol from the World Health Organization and/or the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. These studies have become more and more refined with respect to establishing causality between dimensions of alcohol consumption and different disease and mortality (cause of death) outcomes, refining risk relations, and improving the methodology for estimating exposure and alcohol-attributable burden. The present review will give an overview on the main results of the CRAs with respect to alcohol consumption as a risk factor, sketch out new trends and developments, and draw implications for future research and policy.
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“Alcohol use is a major contributor to injuries, mortality and the burden of disease.”
From The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update (2017) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Alcohol use is an important cause of chronic disease and injury. It is one of the top 5 risk factors for death and disability in the world [1–3].”
From Patient-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harms in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-summary (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
The relationship between different dimensions of alcohol use and the burden of disease—an update
Rehm, J., Gmel, G. E., Gmel, G., Hasan, O. S. M., Imtiaz, S., Popova, S., Probst, C., Roerecke, M., Room, R., Samokhvalov, A. V., et al. (2017) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.13757 · Cited by 1,204
Self-citationGlobal alcohol exposure between 1990 and 2017 and forecasts until 2030: a modelling study
Manthey, J., Shield, K. D., Rylett, M., Hasan, O. S. M., Probst, C., & Rehm, J. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)32744-2 · Cited by 856
Self-citationWang, H., Abajobir, A. A., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K. M., Abd-Allah, F., Abera, S. F., Abraha, H. N., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31833-0 · Cited by 801
Shield, K. D., Manthey, J., Rylett, M., Probst, C., Wettlaufer, A., Parry, C. D. H., & Rehm, J. T. (2020) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30231-2 · Cited by 555
Self-citationThe Global Burden of Liver Disease.
Younossi, Z., Wong, G. S. W., Anstee, Q., & Henry, L. (2023) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2023.04.015 · Cited by 467
Global Burden of Alcohol Use Disorders and Alcohol Liver Disease
Rehm, J. T., & Shield, K. D. (2019) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines7040099 · Cited by 251
“Alcohol use is a major risk factor for mortality and morbidity, playing a role in more than 200 diseases and injury outcomes [1,2].”
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Self-citationDrapkina, O. M., Васильевна, К. А., Калинина, А. М., Avdeev, S. M., Викторович, А. М., Alexandrova, L. M., Анциферова, А. А., Dm, A., Ахмеджанов, Н. М., Balanova, Y. А., et al. (2022) · CARDIOVASCULAR THERAPY AND PREVENTION · doi:10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3235 · Cited by 197
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Schwarzinger, M., Thiébaut, S. P., Baillot, S., Mallet, V., & Rehm, J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4587-y · Cited by 94
Self-citationQuantifying the contribution of alcohol to cardiomyopathy: A systematic review
Rehm, J., Hasan, O. S. M., Imtiaz, S., & Neufeld, M. (2017) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.01.011 · Cited by 92
Self-citationKetogenic diet reduces alcohol withdrawal symptoms in humans and alcohol intake in rodents
Wiers, C. E., Vendruscolo, L. F., van der Veen, J.-W., Manza, P., Kojori, E. S., Kroll, D. S., Feldman, D. E., McPherson, K. L., Biesecker, C. L., Zhang, R., et al. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf6780 · Cited by 74
“INTRODUCTION Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder that accounts for 5% of deaths globally (1).”
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“elevated cancer risk,(19) immune system dysfunction,20 heart failure,(21) and many other significant health problems.(22) Some of these consequences of alcohol use have been attributed to alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis – an imbalance in the community of gut microbes.”
BackgroundŠtelemėkas, M., Manthey, J., Badaras, R., Casswell, S., Ferreira‐Borges, C., Kalèdiené, R., Lange, S., Neufeld, M., Petkevičienė, J., Radišauskas, R., et al. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15470 · Cited by 68
Self-citationAlcohol Use and Cancer in the European Union
Rehm, J. T., & Shield, K. D. (2020) · European Addiction Research · doi:10.1159/000507017 · Cited by 66
“Two systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide the most comprehensive and comparable overviews on risk relations [16, 17], and serve as the basis for the latest comparative risk analyses for alcohol (for an overview of comparative risk assessments, see [18]).”
BackgroundSelf-citationCollagen-chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone repair in ovariectomized rats
Chacon, E. L., Bertolo, M. R. V., Plepis, A. M. D. G., Martins, V. D. C. A., dos Santos, G. R., Pinto, C. A. L., Pelegrine, A. A., Teixeira, M. L., Buchaim, D. V., Nazari, F. M., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24424-x · Cited by 57
Trends in U.S. women’s binge drinking in middle adulthood by socioeconomic status, 2006–2018
McKetta, S. C., & Keyes, K. M. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108026 · Cited by 56
“Regular patterns of binge drinking over time increase the risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver damage, and other morbidities (Rehm and Imtiaz, 2016).”
BackgroundSex differences in the medial prefrontal cortical glutamate system
Knouse, M. C., McGrath, A. G., Deutschmann, A. U., Rich, M. T., Zallar, L. J., Rajadhyaksha, A. M., & Briand, L. A. (2022) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-022-00468-6 · Cited by 61
Alcohol control policy and changes in alcohol‐related traffic harm
Rehm, J. T., Manthey, J., Lange, S., Badaras, R., Zurlytė, I., Passmore, J. W., Breda, J., Ferreira‐Borges, C., & Štelemėkas, M. (2019) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14796 · Cited by 55
Self-citationSornpaisarn, B., Shield, K. D., Manthey, J., Limmade, Y., Low, W. Y., Vo, T. V., & Rehm, J. T. (2020) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102856 · Cited by 53
Self-citationRehm, J. T., & Hasan, O. S. M. (2019) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.06.005 · Cited by 50
Self-citationShmulewitz, D., Aharonovich, E., Witkiewitz, K. A., Anton, R. F., Kranzler, H. R., Scodes, J. M., Mann, K. F., Wall, M. M., & Hasin, D. S. (2021) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20050610 · Cited by 53
Rehm, J. T., Badaras, R., Ferreira‐Borges, C., Galkus, L., Midttun, N. G., Gobiņa, I., Janik‐Koncewicz, K., Jasilionis, D., Jiang, H., Kim, K. V., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100704 · Cited by 51
Self-citationThe global proportion and volume of unrecorded alcohol in 2015
Probst, C., Fleischmann, A., Gmel, G. E., Poznyak, V. B., Rekve, D., Riley, L. M., Rylett, M., Shield, K. D., & Rehm, J. T. (2019) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.09.010421 · Cited by 50
Self-citationAlcohol Control Policy in Europe: Overview and Exemplary Countries
Berdzuli, N., Ferreira‐Borges, C., Gual, A., & Rehm, J. T. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218162 · Cited by 45
Self-citationEstimation of cancers caused by light to moderate alcohol consumption in the European Union
Rovira, P., & Rehm, J. T. (2020) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckaa236 · Cited by 47
Self-citationWhat is the best indicator of the harmful use of alcohol? A narrative review
Rehm, J. T., Crépault, J., Wettlaufer, A., Manthey, J., & Shield, K. D. (2020) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13053 · Cited by 43
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Rehm, J. T., Neufeld, M., Room, R., Sornpaisarn, B., Štelemėkas, M., Swahn, M. H., & Lachenmeier, D. W. (2021) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103420 · Cited by 44
Self-citationResearch Protocol to Evaluate the Effects of Alcohol Policy Changes in Lithuania
Rehm, J. T., Štelemėkas, M., & Badaras, R. (2018) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agy068 · Cited by 40
Self-citationNeufeld, M., Rovira, P., Ferreira‐Borges, C., Kilian, C., Sassi, F., Veryga, A., & Rehm, J. T. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2022.100325 · Cited by 40
Self-citationSocietal development and the alcohol‐attributable burden of disease
Shield, K. D., & Rehm, J. T. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15441 · Cited by 38
Self-citationRehm, J. T., Anderson, P., Prieto, J. A. A., Armstrong, I. J., Aubin, H., Bachmann, M., Bastús, N. B., Brotons, C., Burton, R., Cardoso, M., et al. (2017) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-017-0934-1 · Cited by 38
“The next set of calculations measures the impact of the proposed interventions on mortality and burden of disease as measured in disability-adjusted live years (DALYs) in the same age group within 1 year, using the methodology of comparative risk assessment [62, 63] (see Additional file 2: Appendix 2).”
MethodSelf-citationRehm, J. T., Lange, S., Gobiņa, I., Janik‐Koncewicz, K., Miščikienė, L., Reile, R., Stoppel, R., Tran, A., Ferreira‐Borges, C., Jasilionis, D., et al. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16102 · Cited by 36
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“Unhealthy alcohol use (Saitz, 2005)—particularly heavy episodic drinking and alcohol use disorders—increases risk of acute and chronic conditions (GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators, 2018; Rehm & Imtiaz, 2016).”
BackgroundTrends in US Alcohol Consumption Frequency During the First Wave of the SARS‐CoV‐2 Pandemic
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“…alcohol consumption could be anticipated to lead to a variety of morbidity and mortality outcomes including heart disease, metabolic diseases, liver disease, and cancers (Bagnardi et al., 2015; Kuypers et al., 2012; Mellinger, 2019; Rehm and Imtiaz, 2016; Skog, 2001; Tramacere et al., ,2010, 2011).”
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“of Diseases, Revision 10 [ICD-10]), among which there are about 40 of which alcohol is the sole risk factor [7].”
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“From the pharmacological point of view, EtOH is a dosedependent psychotropic drug that when consumed in large proportions increases the risk ofmorbidity and/ormortality [2, 3].”
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“Alcohol utilization has been recognized as a main cause of varied disorders and death in all global comparative risk assessments (CRAs) (Rehm & Imtiaz, 2016) as part of the global burden of disease (GBD) studies (Forouzanfar et al., 2015; Rehm et al., 2001).”
BackgroundThe cost-effectiveness of therapies to treat alcohol use disorders
Rehm, J. T., & Barbosa, C. (2017) · Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research · doi:10.1080/14737167.2018.1392241 · Cited by 28
Self-citationPotential of resveratrol in mitigating metabolic disturbances induced by ethanol
Szkudelski, T., & Szkudelska, K. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.063 · Cited by 26
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Quantifying the global contribution of alcohol consumption to cardiomyopathy
Manthey, J., Imtiaz, S., Neufeld, M., Rylett, M., & Rehm, J. T. (2017) · Population Health Metrics · doi:10.1186/s12963-017-0137-1 · Cited by 24
Self-citationBjørkhaug, S. T., Neupane, S. P., Bramness, J. G., Aanes, H., Skar, V., Medhus, A. W., & Valeur, J. (2019) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.10.002 · Cited by 24
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“Alcohol utilisation may be a hazard substantially impacting on the burden of diseases [4].”
BackgroundCheng, Z., Chen, F., Zuo, E., Gong, Z., Xiao, M., Li, C., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Chen, C., Lv, X., et al. (2025) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2025.127462 · Cited by 24
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“Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the major disorders worldwide that seriously affects the quality of life of modern people [1, 2].”
Tran, A., Jiang, H., Kim, K. V., Room, R., Štelemėkas, M., Lange, S., Rovira, P., & Rehm, J. T. (2022) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agac003 · Cited by 23
Self-citationKarriker‐Jaffe, K. J., Lönn, S. L., Cook, W. K., Kendler, K. S., & Sundquist, K. (2018) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.12.008 · Cited by 24
“Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are debilitating, multi-faceted, recurrent conditions that impose a significant burden on the global population every year (Odlaug et al., 2016; Rehm and Imtiaz, 2016; Rehm et al., 2006; Whiteford et al., 2013).”
Imtiaz, S., Probst, C., & Rehm, J. T. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.12616 · Cited by 23
Self-citationReducing the Harmful Use of Alcohol: Have International Targets Been Met?
Rehm, J. T., Casswell, S., Manthey, J., Room, R., & Shield, K. D. (2020) · European Journal of Risk Regulation · doi:10.1017/err.2020.84 · Cited by 22
Self-citationKiadaliri, A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10567-5 · Cited by 22
“It should be noted that smoking and alcohol consumption are also associated with increased risk of IHD mortality [35, 42].”
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“1% of global disability-adjusted life-years is attributed to alcohol [4], and the annualized death rates for alcohol dependence are 4.”
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“Furthermore, long-term alcohol ingestion is associated with significant organ dysfunction, and increased burden of mental disorders, lung disease, cancer, infection, and cirrhosis (Rehm and Imtiaz, 2016, Kershaw and Guidot, 2008).”
InfluentialChanges in alcohol consumption in Spain between 1990 and 2019
Llamosas‐Falcón, L., Manthey, J., & Rehm, J. T. (2020) · Adicciones · doi:10.20882/adicciones.1400 · Cited by 20
“ADICCIONES, 2020 · VOL. xx NO. x · PAGES xx-xx A lcohol use has been identified as a major risk factor for global mortality and burden of disease (Rehm & Imtiaz, 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAlcohol and Noncommunicable Disease Risk
Rehm, J. T., Hasan, O. S. M., Imtiaz, S., Probst, C., Roerecke, M., & Shield, K. D. (2018) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-018-0189-8 · Cited by 21
Self-citationRehm, J. T., O'Donnell, A. J., Kaner, E., Jané‐Llopis, E., Manthey, J., & Anderson, P. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054161 · Cited by 19
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Heterogeneity in trends of alcohol use around the world: Do policies make a difference?
Rehm, J. T., Babor, T. F., Casswell, S., & Room, R. (2021) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13248 · Cited by 18
Self-citationSun, X., Ho, J. E., Gao, H., Εvangelou, Ε., Yao, C., Huan, T., Hwang, S., Courchesne, P. L., Larson, M. G., Levy, D. A., et al. (2021) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab186 · Cited by 18
A systematic comparison of the global comparative risk assessments for alcohol
Chrystoja, B. R., Rehm, J. T., Manthey, J., Probst, C., Wettlaufer, A., & Shield, K. D. (2021) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15413 · Cited by 17
Self-citationOchi, R., Ueno, F., Sakuma, M., Tani, H., Tsugawa, S., Graff‐Guerrero, A., Uchida, H., Mimura, M., Oshima, S., Matsushita, S., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-12035-5 · Cited by 16
“The present study enhances our understanding of the mechanism of action of alcohol by showing that (1) acute alcohol increases log(lFCD) across regions including visual cortex, temporal cortex, thalamus, striatum, and cerebellum; (2) the increased log(lFCD) is normalized in the 90-min post condition; (3) log(lFCD) in…”
BackgroundMethodFuruya, S., Argemí, J., Uehara, T., Katou, Y., Fouts, D. E., Schnabl, B., Dubuquoy, L., Belorkar, A., Vadigepalli, R., Kono, H., et al. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14234 · Cited by 15
“…alcohol intake is a leading risk factor for global disease burden and is a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide (Collaborators GBDA, 2018) due to adverse effects on multiple organs (Rusyn and Bataller, 2013), accidents, and violence (Rehm and Imtiaz, 2016).”
BackgroundManthey, J., Solovei, A., Anderson, P., Carr, S., & Rehm, J. T. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0255843 · Cited by 21
Self-citationSelf‐Compassion and Self‐Forgiveness in Alcohol Risk, Treatment and Recovery: A Systematic Review
Berg, S. J., Zaso, M. J., Biehler, K. M., & Read, J. P. (2024) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2987 · Cited by 18
Mehrabi, M., Hajebi, A., Mohebbi, E., Baneshi, M. R., Khodadost, M., Haghdoost, A. A., Sharifi, H. P., & Noroozi, A. (2019) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2019.1578909 · Cited by 15
“Alcohol negatively affects the course and prognosis of many diseases (Rehm and Imtiaz 2016).”
BackgroundMental health disorders research in Europe, 2001–2018
Begum, M., Lewison, G., Woelbert, E., Brigham, K. B., Darlington, M., Durand‐Zaleski, I., & Sullivan, R. J. (2020) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/ebmental-2019-300130 · Cited by 14
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on alcohol and tobacco consumption: Evidence from Peru
Sara, R. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115890 · Cited by 13
“Heavy use of alcohol and tobacco hold some of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world (Cawley and Ruhm, 2011; Rehm and Imtiaz, 2016; Shield et al., 2020).”
Touis, L. Z., Bolbrinker, J., Riemer, T., & Kreutz, R. H. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022026 · Cited by 13
Shield, K. D., Chrystoja, B. R., Ali, S., Sohi, I., Rehm, J. T., Nigatu, Y. T., Elton‐Marshall, T., Hamilton, H. A., Jankowicz, D., & Wells, S. L. (2021) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agab055 · Cited by 12
Self-citationKetogenic diet reduces a neurobiological craving signature in inpatients with alcohol use disorder
Wiers, C. E., Manza, P., Wang, G., & Volkow, N. D. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1254341 · Cited by 11
Alcohol Use and Cancers of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Epidemiology and Preventive Implications
Rehm, J. T., & Shield, K. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00403 · Cited by 12
“Shield and colleagues performed a comparative risk assessment for alcohol (19) based on the tradition of the Global Burden of Disease Studies [last assessment published: (20) and the WHO Global Status Reports on Alcohol and Health [last: (21)].”
BackgroundSelf-citationDiscrimination of alcohol dependence based on the convolutional neural network
Chen, F., Xiao, M., Chen, C., Chen, C., Yan, Z., Han, H., Zhang, S., Yue, F., Gao, R. H., & Lv, X. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0241268 · Cited by 11
Meaning in life: investigating protective and risk factors for harmful alcohol consumption
Copeland, A., Jones, A., Acuff, S. F., Murphy, J. G., & Field, M. (2022) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2022.2134991 · Cited by 10
“Excessive alcohol consumption results in an array of adverse social and economic outcomes (Rehm and Imtiaz 2016).”
BackgroundAlcohol use disorders in patients with bipolar disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Pedro, M. O. P., Pedro, M. P., Martins, S. S., & Castaldelli-Maia, J. M. (2023) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2023.2249548 · Cited by 14
“Alcohol consumption is an important risk factor for mortality and morbidity, playing a role in more than 200 diseases and health damages (Rehm & Imtiaz, 2016).”
BackgroundZhang, N., Xue, F., Wu, X., Zhang, W., Hou, J., Xiang, J., Lv, Y., & Zhang, X. (2023) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agad046 · Cited by 11
Andreacchi, A. T., Hobin, E. P., Siddiqi, A., & Smith, B. T. (2024) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.16641 · Cited by 11
Sornpaisarn, B., & Rehm, J. T. (2020) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102975 · Cited by 10
Self-citationHorton, M., Perman‐Howe, P. R., Angus, C., Bishop, J., Bogdanovica, I., Brennan, A., Britton, J. R., Brose, L. S., Brown, J., Collin, J., et al. (2021) · Wellcome Open Research · doi:10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16318.1 · Cited by 10
Agmatine prevents development of tolerance to anti-nociceptive effect of ethanol in mice
Kotagale, N. R., Bhondekar, S., Bhad, M., Pise, S., Charpe, A., Umekar, M. J., & Taksande, B. G. (2022) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2022.02.004 · Cited by 10
Wolter, D. K. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-018-1440-6 · Cited by 10
Rehm, J. T., Jiang, H., Hassan, A. S., Rovira, P., & Shield, K. D. (2025) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-001453 · Cited by 9
“6 Alcohol consumption has been established as a key risk factor in all comparative risk assessments to date 14 (for an early WHO report, see 15 ).”
Self-citationCarr, S., Dice, A. L. E., Gmel, G. E., Hassan, A. S., Shield, K. D., & Rehm, J. T. (2026) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.70435 · Cited by 12
“These studies are theoretically less susceptible to the confounding biases inherent in other observational research [3] and have frequently reported risk estimates differing from those derived from cohort or case – control studies — often suggesting no associations, or even associations in opposite…”
Self-citationWillemse, L., Terburgh, K., & Louw, R. (2023) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-023-02006-w · Cited by 9
“Moreover, an increase in worldwide alcohol consumption has been observed, where alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been linked to around 5% of global deaths (Rehm & Imtiaz, 2016).”
BackgroundRehm, J. T., Ferreira‐Borges, C., Kokole, D., Neufeld, M., Olsen, A., Rovira, P., Segura, L., Tran, A., & Colom, J. (2023) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13676 · Cited by 9
Self-citationHan, W., Li, H., Jiang, H., Xu, H., Lin, Y., Chen, J., Bi, C., & Liu, Z. (2023) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.15977 · Cited by 10
Alcohol use, economic development and health burden: A conceptual framework
Rehm, J. T., Rovira, P., Shield, K. D., Sornpaisarn, B., Vo, T. V., & Room, R. (2024) · The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research · doi:10.7895/ijadr.437 · Cited by 11
Self-citationCopeland, A., Stafford, T., & Field, M. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816720-5.00002-5 · Cited by 9
Neveu, W. A., Staitieh, B. S., Mills, S. T., Guidot, D. M., & Sueblinvong, V. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14110 · Cited by 9
“Keywords alcohol; myofibroblast; Thy-1; IL-17; TGFβ1 INTRODUCTION Chronic alcohol ingestion causes significant dysfunction of several organs, including the brain, immune system, liver, and lung (Rehm and Imtiaz, 2016, Kershaw and Guidot, 2008).”
BackgroundGuidelines and reality in studies on the economic costs of alcohol use: a systematic review
Carr, S., Rehm, J. T., & Manthey, J. (2021) · The International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research · doi:10.7895/ijadr.283 · Cited by 9
“Alcohol consumption has been identified as a leading risk factor for disease burden globally (Rehm & Imtiaz, 2016; Stanaway et al., 2018) and was accountable for about 5% of all deaths in 2016 (Shield et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationShojima, K., Mori, T., Wada, Y., Kusunoki, H., Tamaki, K., Matsuzawa, R., Nagai, K., Goto, M., Tabuchi, T., Nagasawa, Y., et al. (2024) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.14835 · Cited by 12
“31 Appropriate alcohol consumption, however, might positively affect social relationships in a rural community.”
BackgroundKokole, D., Jané‐Llopis, E., Mercken, L. A. G., Piazza, M., Bustamante, I. V., Rey, G. N., Medina, P., Pérez‐Gómez, A., Mejía‐Trujillo, J., O'Donnell, A. J., et al. (2021) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2021.1903658 · Cited by 8
What about drinking is associated with shorter life in poorer people?
Rehm, J. T., & Probst, C. (2018) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002477 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Rehm, J., & Imtiaz, S.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Rehm, Jürgen
- Venue
- Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
- Published
- 2016-10-28
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-37
- ISSN
- 1747-597X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5084343
- OpenAlex
- W2541740194
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 154
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12
- FWCI
- 2.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (HHSN267200700041C)
- World Health Organization (n.a.)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harm, global burden of disease, comparative risk assessment, alcohol-attributable mortality, causality, alcohol policy
- MeSH terms
- Global Burden of Disease, Alcohol Drinking, Cause of Death, Health Policy, Humans, Risk Factors, Risk Assessment
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