Adolescents, parents and teachers’ perceptions of risk and protective factors of substance use in Moroccan adolescents: a qualitative study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Substance use in adolescents is a global public health concern that continues to draw attention from academics, policy experts, and government officials. In Morocco, few studies have investigated the influencing factors of substance use in adolescents. Here, we aimed to fill this gap and to better understand factors that protect or influence substance use in adolescents. METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study using focus group discussions. The semi-structured interview guides were based on the socio-ecological model as a theoretical framework to explore perceptions of students, parents, and teachers regarding substance use risks and protective factors in adolescents. Data from each group were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: From May to July 2016, 17 focus group discussions were conducted at two middle schools in Taza city, Morocco, which included 8 groups of 7 adolescents (28 boys and 28 girls) aged 14 to 16 years, 5 groups of parents (5 females and 21 males), and 4 groups of teachers (13 males and 5 females). Thematic analysis resulted in six common themes that represented the most salient perceived risk and protective factors regarding substance use among adolescents: perceived benefits of substance use, awareness and beliefs, family influence, peer influence, easy accessibility of substances, and social norms. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that multilevel prevention programs in adolescents should address influencing factors from the individual to the societal level, including social norms and the government's policy toward substance use. Health education programs included as part of the school curriculum can contribute to promoting awareness and reducing risky behaviors of Moroccan adolescents.
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Individuals with a strong belief against substance use and those with a strong desire to maintain their health were more likely to be protected from involvement in drug abuse.
“individuals with a strong belief against substance use and those with a strong desire to maintain their health were more likely to be protected from involvement in drug abuse [46].”
From Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
Support and advice could be protective factors in the family area.
“El Kazdouh et al. noted that support and advice could be some of the protective factors in this area [46].”
From Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
Strong religious beliefs integrated into society serve as a crucial protective factor that can prevent adolescents from engaging in drug abuse.
“Strong religious beliefs integrated into society serve as a crucial protective factor that can prevent adolescents from engaging in drug abuse [38, 45].”
From Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- El Kazdouh, H., El-Ammari, A., Bouftini, S., El Fakir, S., & El Achhab, Y.
- Affiliations
- Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University (MA)
- Venue
- Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
- Published
- 2018-09-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-31
- ISSN
- 1747-597X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6131737
- OpenAlex
- W2890271000
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 2.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Moffitt Cancer Center under the NIH International Fogarty Center (5D43TW009804 (PI Anna Giuliano))
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Adolescent Health and Behaviors
- Keywords
- adolescent substance use, risk factors, protective factors, family influence, peer influence, social norms, parental attitudes, teacher perceptions, adolescents' perceptions, socio-ecological model, multilevel prevention, health education, Morocco
- MeSH terms
- School Teachers, Adolescent, Female, Humans, Male, Morocco, Parents, Risk Factors, Students, Focus Groups, Substance-Related Disorders, Qualitative Research, Protective Factors
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