Engaging policy-makers, health system managers, and policy analysts in the knowledge synthesis process: a scoping review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: It is unclear how to engage a wide range of knowledge users in research. We aimed to map the evidence on engaging knowledge users with an emphasis on policy-makers, health system managers, and policy analysts in the knowledge synthesis process through a scoping review. METHODS: We used the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews. Nine electronic databases (e.g., MEDLINE), two grey literature sources (e.g., OpenSIGLE), and reference lists of relevant systematic reviews were searched from 1996 to August 2016. We included any type of study describing strategies, barriers and facilitators, or assessing the impact of engaging policy-makers, health system managers, and policy analysts in the knowledge synthesis process. Screening and data abstraction were conducted by two reviewers independently with a third reviewer resolving discrepancies. Frequency and thematic analyses were conducted. RESULTS: After screening 8395 titles and abstracts followed by 394 full-texts, 84 unique documents and 7 companion reports fulfilled our eligibility criteria. All 84 documents were published in the last 10 years, and half were prepared in North America. The most common type of knowledge synthesis with knowledge user engagement was a systematic review (36%). The knowledge synthesis most commonly addressed an issue at the level of national healthcare system (48%) and focused on health services delivery (17%) in high-income countries (86%). Policy-makers were the most common (64%) knowledge users, followed by healthcare professionals (49%) and government agencies as well as patients and caregivers (34%). Knowledge users were engaged in conceptualization and design (49%), literature search and data collection (52%), data synthesis and interpretation (71%), and knowledge dissemination and application (44%). Knowledge users were most commonly engaged as key informants through meetings and workshops as well as surveys, focus groups, and interviews either in-person or by telephone and emails. Knowledge user content expertise/awareness was a common facilitator (18%), while lack of time or opportunity to participate was a common barrier (12%). CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge users were most commonly engaged during the data synthesis and interpretation phases of the knowledge synthesis conduct. Researchers should document and evaluate knowledge user engagement in knowledge synthesis. REGISTRATION DETAILS: Open Science Framework ( https://osf.io/4dy53/ ).
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Areas where ongoing research and development of scoping review guidance are occurring include inclusion of consultation with stakeholder groups, clarity on when scoping reviews are the appropriate method over other synthesis approaches, approaches for mapping and presenting results, and assessment of the methodological quality of scoping reviews themselves.
“Areas where ongoing research and development of scoping review guidance are occurring include inclusion of consultation with stakeholder groups such as end users and consumer representatives [35], clarity on when scoping reviews are the appropriate method over other synthesis approaches [3], approaches for mapping and presenting results in ways that clearly address the review’s research objective(”
From Scoping reviews: reinforcing and advancing the methodology and application (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
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“, type of knowledge user, country income level [28], type of engagement activity, frequency and intensity of engagement, use of a framework [29] to inform the intervention), barriers and facilitators to engagement, and results of any formal assessment of engagement (e.”
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“, timelines, tasks) • Maintain ongoing relationships to building trust and credibility • Provide opportunities for people to ask questions before meetings • Provide pre-meeting information materials • Pre-meeting “icebreakers,” especially when engaging stakeholders with differing experiences/ perspectives • Include so…”
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“RQ2: Descriptive documents (n = 8) The eight descriptive documents [33, 49–54] described engagement approaches used for the following: Healthcare Improvement Scotland [53], Greater London Authority (UK) [55], Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) [49], Samueli Institute (US) [51], Institute for Work and Heal…”
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“Members of our research team are currently conducting a study to test the level of engagement of knowledge users in a systematic review using the PPEQ [65], which will provide clarity to the field.”
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“RQ2: Descriptive documents (n = 8) The eight descriptive documents [33, 49–54] described engagement approaches used for the following: Healthcare Improvement Scotland [53], Greater London Authority (UK) [55], Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US) [49], Samueli Institute (US) [51], Institute for Work and Heal…”
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PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation
Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O'Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., et al. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m18-0850 · Cited by 43,565 · see citing works
Self-citationRecommendations for the Extraction, Analysis, and Presentation of Results in Scoping Reviews
Pollock, D., Peters, M. D. J., Khalil, H., McInerney, P., Alexander, L., Tricco, A. C., Evans, C., de Moraes, É. B., Godfrey, C. M., Pieper, D., et al. (2023) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbies-22-00123 · Cited by 1,975 · see citing works
Self-citationScoping reviews: reinforcing and advancing the methodology and application
Peters, M. D. J., Marnie, C., Colquhoun, H., Garritty, C. M., Hempel, S., Horsley, T., Langlois, E. V., Lillie, E., O’Brien, K. K., Tunçalp, Ӧ., et al. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01821-3 · Cited by 887 · see citing works
Self-citationPanel, S. G. P. C., Hoekstra, F., Mrklas, K., Khan, M., McKay, R. C., Vis‐Dunbar, M., Sibley, K. M., Nguyen, T., Graham, I. D., & Gainforth, H. L. (2020) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-020-0544-9 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Pollock, D., Alexander, L., Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Khalil, H., Godfrey, C. M., McInerney, P. A., Synnot, A., & Tricco, A. C. (2022) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbies-21-00416 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“Examples include lack of time, lack of expertise in the content area, lack of research skills, geographic distance, and willingness to participate.(35,37,38) These challenges are further exacerbated during times of urgent decision-making, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, where it can be difficult to identify patient par…”
BackgroundSelf-citationLanglois, É. V., Straus, S. E., Antony, J., King, V. J., & Tricco, A. C. (2019) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001178 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“22 Although engagement with policy-makers or health systems managers throughout the rapid review is encouraged, such extensive involvement necessitates additional time and resources and the availability of decision-makers.”
Self-citationTricco, A. C., Garritty, C., Boulos, L., Lockwood, C. S., Wilson, M., McGowan, J., McCaul, M., Hutton, B., Clement, F. M., Mittmann, N., et al. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.06.029 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“It is essential for researchers to involve decision-makers in the rapid review process to set and refine the review question, eligibility criteria, and the outcomes of interest [6,7].”
BackgroundSelf-citationPaper 2: Performing rapid reviews
King, V. J., Stevens, A., Nußbaumer-Streit, B., Kamel, C., & Garritty, C. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-02011-5 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“This process can be iterative and may require multiple contacts between the reviewers and the requester to ensure that the final rapid review is fit for its intended purpose [41, 42].”
BackgroundSun, K. S., Lau, T. S. M., Yeoh, E., Chung, V. C., Leung, Y. S., Yam, C. H. K., & Hung, C. T. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053938 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Rapid reviews for health policy and systems decision-making: more important than ever before
Tricco, A. C., Straus, S. E., Ghaffar, A., & Langlois, É. V. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-01887-7 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“This strategy is often called “co-production” or “co-creation” of research and is hypothesized to have a much greater impact than simply engaging decision-makers at certain stages of the knowledge synthesis process [14].”
BackgroundSelf-citationImproving knowledge translation for increased engagement and impact in healthcare
Eljiz, K., Greenfield, D., Hogden, A., Taylor, R. L., Siddiqui, N., Agaliotis, M., & Milosavljevic, M. (2020) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2020-000983 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“8 Typically, research findings are determined by researchers and presented to healthcare stakeholders.”
BackgroundLanglois, É. V., Mancuso, A., Elias, V. M., & Revéiz, L. (2019) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-019-0484-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Garritty, C., Tricco, A. C., Smith, M., Pollock, D., Kamel, C., & King, V. J. (2023) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjebm-2022-112070 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“⇒ This study discusses the importance of involving KUs (ie, patient and public partners, healthcare providers and policy-makers) in developing RRs, provides detailed steps on how and when to involve KUs, including patient and public involvement, and offers suggestions that research teams should consider to facilitate…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationBeran, D., Lazo-Porras, M., Cárdenas, M. K., Chappuis, F., Damasceno, A. A. M., Jha, N., Madede, T., Lachat, S., Pérez-León, S., Pastrana, N. A., et al. (2018) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2018-001183 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“A recent scoping review found that co-creation approaches are gaining traction in implementation research.(49) However, this study did not include communities or possible users and highlighted the need to test this approach to developing interventions.”
BackgroundLaycock, A. F., Harvey, G., Percival, N., Cunningham, F. C., Bailie, J., Matthews, V., Copley, K., Patel, L., & Bailie, R. S. (2018) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-018-0392-z · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Regulation of gambling in Sub-Saharan Africa: findings from a comparative policy analysis
Sichali, J. M., Bunn, C., McGee, D., Marionneau, V., Yendork, J. S., Glozah, F. N., Udedi, M. M., & Reith, G. (2022) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2022.07.018 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Sibley, K. M., Hoekstra, F., Kothari, A. R., & Mrklas, K. (2022) · doi:10.1002/9781119757269.ch4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tricco, A. C., Zarin, W., Clement, F. M., Abou-Setta, A. M., Curran, J., LeBlanc, A., LI, L. C., Godfrey, C. M., Moffitt, P. M., Moher, D., et al. (2022) · FACETS · doi:10.1139/facets-2021-0127 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationHoekstra, F., Pereira, F. T., Sibley, K. M., Graham, I. D., Kennefick, M., Mrklas, K., Nguyen, T., Vis‐Dunbar, M., Panel, S. I. G. P. C., & Gainforth, H. L. (2022) · Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine · doi:10.1080/10790268.2022.2033578 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Decision-maker roles in healthcare quality improvement projects: a scoping review
Gagnon, J., Breton, M., & Gaboury, I. (2024) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2023-002522 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Nursing care management concepts: scoping review
Barros, A. C. L., Menegaz, J. D. C., dos Santos, J. L. G., Polaro, S. H. I., Trindade, L. D. L., & Meschial, W. C. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0020 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“This review method was chosen because it examines evidence that may clarify questions that are not yet well defined(5), such as the case with the concepts of Management and administration of Nursing Care.”
BackgroundMethodNoyahr, J. K., Tatucu-Babet, O. A., Chapple, L. S., Barlow, C. J., Chapman, M. J., Deane, A. M., Fetterplace, K., Hodgson, C. L., Winderlich, J., Udy, A. A., et al. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14132603 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The engagement of target users early on might help to better understand barriers faced when trying to implement guidelines at the individual patient level, healthcare unit level, or organizational level [34,39].”
BackgroundBehaviour change interventions for responsible antimicrobial use on farms
Regan, Á., Burrell, A., McKernan, C., Martin, H., Benson, T., McAloon, C. G., Manzanilla, E. G., & Dean, M. (2023) · Irish Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1186/s13620-023-00236-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“This approach ensures that both scientific and tacit knowledge is integrated to best effect [16].”
BackgroundMutonyi, B. R., Slåtten, T., & Lien, G. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06505-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“This knowledge is particularly relevant to policymakers [98] who view innovation as indispensable for organizational adaptation, survival, and long-term success [99].”
BackgroundNelson, K. M., Reddy, A., Stockdale, S. E., Rose, D. E., Fihn, S. D., Rosland, A.-M. M., Stewart, G., Denietolis, A. L., Curtis, I., Mori, A. M., et al. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.hjdsi.2020.100491 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Implementation research is crucial to countries’ efforts to strengthen learning health systems
Ghaffar, A., Swaminathan, S., Sheikh, K., Al-Mandhari, A. S., Jhalani, M., Sambo, B. H., & Jakab, Z. (2020) · Health Policy and Planning · doi:10.1093/heapol/czaa119 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The task of generating and using relevant local knowledge cannot take place without an integral role for health system decision-makers (policymakers, programme managers and implementers) in the research process (Tricco et al., 2018)—including defining the research agenda, co-producing the research with professional re…”
BackgroundBrakema, E. A., van der Kleij, R., Poot, C. C., Chavannes, N. H., Tsiligianni, I., Walusimbi, S., An, P. L., Sooronbaev, T., Numans, M. E., Crone, M. R., et al. (2021) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003221 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Stakeholder Engagement for Development Impact Evaluation and Evidence Synthesis
Oliver, S. R., Roche, C., Stewart, R. J., Bangpan, M., Dickson, K., Pells, K., Cartwright, N. D., Hargreaves, J., & Gough, D. (2018) · doi:10.51744/cip3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Joseph, O., Mir, G., Fylan, B., Essler, P., & Lawton, R. (2024) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13760 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Lastly, the reviewers followed an evidence‐based systematic reporting process that clearly outlined the relevant steps needed to ensure quality (Tricco et al., 2018), including comprehensive engagement with racially minoritised staff at all levels, and patients or carers with an in this topic area.”
Habib, G. M., Uzzaman, N., Malik, P. R., Rabinovich, R., Uddin, A., Alam, S. R., Williams, S., & Pinnock, H. (2020) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.10.020384 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hoekstra, F., Schaefer, L., Athanasopoulos, P., & Gainforth, H. L. (2021) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2021.35 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“…on different levels, including the individual-level (eg, lack of understanding about partnership process, lack of partnership skills 14 ), the partnership (eg, power imbalances 21 ), the research process (eg, required time commitment 22 ), and the research system (eg, lack of resources 25 ).”
BackgroundTranslating behavioral medicine evidence to public policy
Emmons, K. M., & Gandelman, E. (2019) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-018-9979-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Patil, R., Agarwal, D. M., Kaur, H., Gadgil, M., Jackson, T., Fernandes, G., & Juvekar, S. K. (2021) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.11.03072 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Soobiah, C., Straus, S. E., Manley, G., Marr, S., Jenssen, E. P., Teare, S., Hamid, J. S., Tricco, A. C., & Moore, A. E. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.015 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“In knowledge synthesis studies, KUs are primarily engaged as key informants and methods for engaging them in review [8].”
InfluentialSelf-citationHow does integrated knowledge translation work? A realist review
Kothari, A. R., Sibbald, S. L., McCutcheon, C., Berta, W. B., Urquhart, R., Horsley, T., Comer, L., & Graham, I. D. (2025) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-025-01374-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Considerations for supporting meaningful stakeholder engagement in global mental health research
Murphy, J. (2022) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s204579602200035x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Definitions of ‘meaningful engagement’ in the literature are varied (Black et al., 2018; Tricco et al., 2018; Goldstein et al., 2021).”
Sell, K., Jessani, N., Ayele, F. M., Rehfuess, E. A., Rohwer, A. C., Delobelle, P., Balugaba, B. E., Schmidt, B., Kedir, K., Mpando, T., et al. (2023) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-023-01038-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Assessments for Caregivers of Hospitalized Older Adults
Fields, B., Turner, R. L., Naidu, M., Schulz, R., James, A. E., & Rodakowski, J. L. (2018) · Clinical Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/1054773818816207 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Based on this review, we would suggest the following recommendations be considered in the coproduced knowledge synthesis process (Tricco et al., 2018) for the development and testing of a needs assessment for caregivers of hospitalized older adults:”
BackgroundFrank, H. E., Albanese, A. M., Sun, S., Saadeh, F. B., Johnson, B. T., Elwy, A. R., & Loucks, E. B. (2024) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02366-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…is wasted every year due to redun-dancies, failures to address priorities based on key inform-ants’ needs (particularly end-users), poor research methods, and incomplete reporting of study findings (Chalmers & Glasziou, 2009; Chalmers et al., 2014; Macleod et al., 2014; Tricco et al., 2018).”
BackgroundMethodZarin, W., Lunny, C., Chaudhry, S., Thomas, S. M., LeBlanc, A., Clement, F. M., Abou-Setta, A. M., Curran, J., Hutton, B., Flórez, I. D., et al. (2022) · FACETS · doi:10.1139/facets-2021-0132 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationHoekstra, F., Gainforth, H. L., & _, _. (2021) · Evidence & Policy · doi:10.1332/174426421x16161715996124 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lewis, K. B., Smith, M. P., Stacey, D., Carley, M. E., Graham, I. D., Volk, R. J., Douglas, E. E., Pacheco‐Brousseau, L., Finderup, J., Gunderson, J., et al. (2024) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-024-00550-w · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…experience, clinical experience, contextual, sociopolitical influences) with opportunities for all parties to participate at any step: from the conception of the study design to its conduct, data collection, data synthesis and interpretation, and the dissemination and application of findings [15].”
BackgroundHenry, B. F., Campbell, A. N. C., Hunt, T., Johnson, J. K., Mandavia, A. D., Chaple, M., Arout, C. A., Wu, E., Pincus, H. A., Nunes, E. V., et al. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108550 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kelly, S., McGowan, J., Barnhardt, K., & Straus, S. E. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-01897-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“, Knowledge-toAction Cycle, the Ottawa Model of Research Use, and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour [COM-B] model) is beyond the scope of this literature review, although a number of relevant publications are available for further information [3, 27, 32, 35, 40, 52, 53].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCorôa, R. D. C., Charif, A. B., Robitaille, V., Mochcovitch, D. G. V., Samri, M. A., Akpo, T. G., Gogovor, A., Blanchette, V., Souza, L. G., Kastner, K., et al. (2024) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.14086 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“62,63 However, while scoping reviews are increasingly accepted as valid sources of scientific evidence, they rarely comply with available guidelines, lack critical appraisal, are often reported with a lack of transparency, and are unlikely to have accessible protocols.”
BackgroundConceitos de gestão e gerência do cuidado de enfermagem: revisão de escopo
Barros, A. C. L., Menegaz, J. D. C., dos Santos, J. L. G., Polaro, S. H. I., Trindade, L. D. L., & Meschial, W. C. (2023) · Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2022-0020pt · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Laycock, A. F., Bailie, J., Percival, N., Matthews, V., Cunningham, F. C., Harvey, G., Copley, K., Patel, L., & Bailie, R. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2018.00378 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The ESP project offers promising methods for involving stakeholders in generating knowledge to inform policy and multifaceted improvement strategies (77).”
BackgroundSoobiah, C., Manley, G., Marr, S., Moore, A. E., PausJenssen, E., Teare, S., Hamid, J. S., Tricco, A. C., & Straus, S. E. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.02.005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPrioritizing Clinical Teaching Excellence: A Hidden Curriculum Problem
Fantaye, A. W., Gnyra, C., Lochnan, H. A., Wiesenfeld, L., HENDRY, P. J., Whiting, S. E., & Kitto, S. C. (2022) · Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions · doi:10.1097/ceh.0000000000000442 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dodge, J., Youles, B., Caldararo, J., Sears, E. D., Caverly, T. J., Ho, P. M., Shimada, S. L., Kaboli, P. J., ALBRIGHT, K. J., Robinson, S. A., et al. (2023) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-023-08115-5 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Closing the gaps in opioid use disorder research, policy and practice: conference proceedings
Miclette, M., Leff, J. A., Cuan, I., Samet, J. H., Saloner, B. K., Mendell, G., Bao, Y., Ashburn, M. A., Bachhuber, M. A., Schackman, B. R., et al. (2018) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-018-0123-3 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Becerril‐Montekio, V., García‐Bello, L. A., Torres‐Pereda, P., Rabanal, J. E. A., Revéiz, L., & Langlois, É. V. (2022) · The International Journal of Health Planning and Management · doi:10.1002/hpm.3513 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Chua, J., Hansen, P., Briggs, A. M., Wilson, R., Gwynne‐Jones, D., & Abbott, J. H. (2020) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · doi:10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100110 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Search like an expert: Reducing expertise disparity using a hybrid neural index for COVID-19 queries
Nguyen, V. A., Rybinski, M., Karimi, S., & Xing, Z. (2022) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2022.104005 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“However, due to an expertise gap, members of this group often experience difficulty in formulating queries to effectively search peer-reviewed medical literature to meet their information need [12].”
BackgroundSokouti, M., Sadeghi, R., Pashazadeh, S., Eslami, S., Sokouti, M., Ghojazadeh, M., & Sokouti, B. (2021) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-020-01433-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kataria, I., Selmouni, F., Duggan, C. R., Sullivan, R. J., Purushotham, A. D., Sankaranarayanan, R., Taghavi, K., & Basu, P. S. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-108755 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Shikako‐Thomas, K., Lai, J., Yoo, P. Y., Teachman, G., & Majnemer, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2024.1322191 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kitto, S., Fantaye, A., You, Y., van Schalkwyk, S., & Cleland, J. (2024) · Medical Teacher · doi:10.1080/0142159x.2024.2387157 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The literature contains some useful guides and frameworks for research teams looking to facilitate effective and sustainable stakeholder buy-in and engagement throughout the research process [58, 60, 61].”
Zhang, Y. N., Liu, J., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Su, X., Huang, S., & Duan, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1442657 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Davidson, J. C., Karadzhov, D., Collins, H., & Brown, A. (2023) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106480 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Shahkolahi, Z., Irajpour, A., Jafari‐Mianaei, S., & Heidarzadeh, M. (2022) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_1409_21 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“It can further prevent the wastage of available resources.[39,40] In addition, considering the triangle relationship between availability, quality, and cost, they will encourage managers and decision‐makers to do their best to improve patient safety based on valid and scientific evidence based on context.”
BackgroundLi, T., Zheng, Q., Zhang, M., Li, Y., Zhou, Y., Xu, C., Zhang, B., Wang, Z., Tian, J., & Zhou, L. (2024) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-024-05622-3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Engaging target users at earlier time points aided in comprehending the challenges that individual patients, health care units or organizations experienced in guideline implementation [45, 46].”
Valimaki, M. A., Hipp, K., Chen, J., Huang, X., Guo, J., & Wong, M. S. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054408 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Furthering Dissemination and Implementation Research
Trinkley, K. E., McNeal, D. M., Fort, M. P., Green, L. W., & Huebschmann, A. G. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197660690.003.0016 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kanungo, P., Mohanty, S., & Thamminaina, A. (2024) · Cambridge Journal of Education · doi:10.1080/0305764x.2024.2358812 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“It saved time by giving a quick overview of the primary research and its association with the literature (Arksey & O’Malley, 2005; Colquhoun et al., 2014; Pollock et al., 2018; Tricco et al., 2018).”
Methods of Engaging Interest‐Holders in Healthcare Evidence Syntheses: A Scoping Review
Todhunter‐Brown, A., Petkovic, J., Chang, C., Griebler, U., Hannigan, A., Hilgart, J., Hussain, B., Jull, J., Kien, C., Ledinger, D., et al. (2026) · Cochrane Evidence Synthesis and Methods · doi:10.1002/cesm.70066 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Empowering policymakers decision making through navigating IPCC AR6 insights
Tomassi, A., Falegnami, A., Resta, V., & Valentini, R. (2026) · Climate Risk Management · doi:10.1016/j.crm.2026.100825 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hurtubise, K., Brousselle, A., Noel, M. E., Caldwell, K., Rayner, L., Dawson, M., Rasic, N. F., & Camden, C. (2022) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13171 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Bradbury‐Jones, C., Damery, S. L., Fruin, K., Gunby, C., Harlock, J., Hebberts, L., Isham, L., Jones, A.-M., Maxted, F., Mighty, A., et al. (2025) · Health and Social Care Delivery Research · doi:10.3310/wwkt3077 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Camilleri, M., Gogolishvili, D., Giliauskas, D. L., Globerman, J., & Wilson, M. G. (2019) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-019-0476-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Documentation and evaluation of efforts to engage knowledge users in the knowledge synthesis process of systematic reviews has also been recommended by research to increase their utility and relevance [53].”
BackgroundPavković, S., Goldberg, L., Alty, J., Abela, M., & Low, L. (2026) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2026.2639630 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“All categories of participants were included because all are potential knowledge users from this research, and the literature strongly suggests their inclusion in the research as co-designers/researchers (Harding et al., 2018; Tricco et al., 2018).”
Chakraborty, S. P., Riskikallail, V., Synnot, A., Wangge, G., Turner, T., & Millard, T. N. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2026.112370 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
McColl, M. A., Gitterman, A., & Goldowitz, D. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Disability Studies · doi:10.15353/cjds.v8i5.560 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Sengalrayan, B., & Harvey, B. (2023) · Evidence & Policy · doi:10.1332/17442648y2023d000000014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bradbury‐Jones, C., Damery, S. L., Fruin, K., Gunby, C., Harlock, J., Hebberts, L., Isham, L., Jones, A.-M., Maxted, F., Mighty, A., et al. (2025) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1155/hsc/9368961 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Tere is an increasing imperative in applied health and social research to focus on knowledge exchange through engaging with those who will be the users of the research [29].”
Kazmierczak-Murray, S., Carey, A., O’Mahony, K., & Povey, R. C. (2025) · The International Journal of Children s Rights · doi:10.1163/15718182-33010007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Impacts of Select Sociocultural Practices on Maternal Mortality in Nigeria: A Scoping Review
Awolayo, O. A. (2019) · HARVEST (University of Saskatchewan) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tricco, A. C., Zarin, W., Rios, P. D. L., Nincic, V., Khan, P. A., Ghassemi, M., Diaz, S., Pham, B., Straus, S. E., & Langlois, É. V. (2018) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/s13012-018-0749-2
“Correction Following the publication of the original article [1], it was brought to our attention that the letter ‘l’ was unfortunately omitted from the word ‘health’ in the article’s title.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBattersby, L. (2019) · Summit (Simon Fraser University)
Gagnon, M., Sasseville, M., & LeBlanc, A. (2021) · Science of Nursing and Health Practices · doi:10.7202/1077987ar
“La synthèse de connaissances sous toutes ses formes est une méthodologie permettant de répondre au besoin de connaissances des décideurs (Tricco et al., 2018).”
BackgroundValimaki, M. A., Hipp, K., Chen, J., Huang, X., Guo, J., & Wong, M. S. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-140064/v1
“(47–49) Fourth, the stakeholders will provide preliminary feedback on the manuscripts,(47, 49) help identify key messages and relevant recommendations for practice and policy makers.”
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“In accordance with past research (Tricco et al., 2018), the initial meeting started with ice breaker activities getting to know everyone around the table.”
Additional file 1 of Behaviour change interventions for responsible antimicrobial use on farms
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Additional file 1 of Paper 2: Performing rapid reviews
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Sell, K., Jessani, N., Ayele, F. M., Rehfuess, E. A., Rohwer, A. C., Delobelle, P., Balugaba, B. E., Schmidt, B.-M., Kedir, K., Mpando, T., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26614816
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“32 51 52”
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“An estimated 85% of investment in scientific research is wasted annually due to inadequate prioritisation of stake-holder demands, ill-conceived research methodologies, and inaccessible publications [4–6].”
Gentrification, policing, and potential pathways to health: A scoping review
Tomko, C. A., Greene, K., Kowdley, H., Flath, N. L., Winiker, A. K., Rhodes-Bratton, B., Sherman, S. G., Thorpe, R. J., Linton, S. L., & Rouhani, S. (2026) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2026.119553
“This scoping review followed the Arksey and O’Malley framework and the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (Arksey and O’Malley, 2005; Tricco et al., 2018).”
Saunders, R., Nosaka, K., Ang, S. G. M., Azlan, N. R., Alejandro, A. L., Bhardwaj, R. S., Gallagher, O., Ngune, I., Rashidi, A., Wee, Y. H. C., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2026.1895602
“Results were synthesized using a descriptive approach with frequencies, based on the recommendations by Pollock et al. (30) and Tricco et al. (40).”
Al-Habbal, K., Kaddoura, R., Hassan, Z., Yousef, S., Chen, W., Mousa, M., Hammadi, Y. A., Suwaidi, H. A., Hajeri, O. M. A., Gietel‐Basten, S., et al. (2026) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/91414
- Authors
- Tricco, A. C., Zarin, W., Rios, P., Nincic, V., Khan, P. A., Ghassemi, M., Diaz, S., Pham, B., Straus, S. E., & Langlois, E. V.
- Affiliations
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Tricco, Andrea C.
- Venue
- Implementation Science
- Published
- 2018-02-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-31
- ISSN
- 1748-5908 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5809959
- OpenAlex
- W2801546261
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2018-04-16)
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Implementation Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- TSpace (University of Toronto) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research
- Norwegian Government Agency for Development Cooperation
- Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency
- UK Department for International Development
- Canada Research Chairs (Tier 2, Tier 1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Keywords
- knowledge synthesis, policy makers, health system managers, policy analysts, knowledge translation, barriers and facilitators, knowledge dissemination, health care delivery, national health care system
- MeSH terms
- Administrative Personnel, Decision Making, Delivery of Health Care, Health Policy, Health Services Administration, Humans, Male, Policy Making, Knowledge
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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