An assessment of antenatal care among Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: After more than three years of violence in Syria, Lebanon hosts over one million Syrian refugees creating significant public health concerns. Antenatal care delivery to tens of thousands of pregnant Syrian refugee women is critical to preventing maternal and fetal mortality but is not well characterized given the multiple factors obtaining health data in a displaced population. This study describes antenatal care access, the scope of existing antenatal care, and antenatal and family planning behaviors and practice among pregnant Syrian refugees in various living conditions and multiple geographic areas of Lebanon. METHODS: A field-based survey was conducted between July and October 2013 in 14 main geographic sites of refugee concentration. The assessment evaluated antenatal services among a non-randomized sample of 420 self-identified pregnant Syrian refugee women that included demographics, gestational age, living accommodation, antenatal care coverage, antenatal care content, antenatal health behaviors, antenatal health literacy, and family planning perception and practices. RESULTS: In total, 420 pregnant Syrian refugees living in Lebanon completed the survey. Of these, 82.9% (348) received some antenatal care. Of those with at least one antenatal visit, 222 (63.8%) received care attended by a skilled professional three or more times, 111 (31.9%) 1-2 times, and 15 (4.3%) had never received skilled antenatal care. We assessed antenatal care content defined by blood pressure measurement, and urine and blood sample analyses. Of those who had received any antenatal care, only 31.2% received all three interventions, 18.2% received two out of three, 32.1% received one out of three, and 18.5% received no interventions. Only (41.2%) had an adequate diet of vitamins, minerals, and folic acid. Access, content and health behaviors varied by gestational age, type of accommodation and location in Lebanon. CONCLUSIONS: Standards of antenatal care are not being met for pregnant Syrian refugee women in Lebanon. This descriptive analysis of relative frequencies suggests reproductive health providers should focus attention on increasing antenatal care visits, particularly to third trimester and late gestational age patients and to those in less secure sheltering arrangements. With this approach they can improve care content by providing early testing and interventions per accepted guidelines designed to improve pregnancy outcomes.
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Other studies reported no effect of women's age on ANC.
“others reported no effect of a women’s age on ANC [19, 20].”
From Predictors of antenatal care utilization among the Rohingya population in the refugee camps of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (2025) · cites this paper as [20]
In Results > Coverage of antenatal care (page unavailable), the paper says antenatal-care coverage was lowest among women aged 35 and above: 65.9% had a prior visit, compared with over 80% in every other age group. That is contrary to attributing a finding of no age difference in ANC to this paper, although the passage does not report a formal test of an age effect. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Benage, M., Greenough, P. G., Vinck, P., Omeira, N., & Pham, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Missouri (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Benage, Matthew
- Venue
- Conflict and Health
- Published
- 2015-02-26
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8-8
- ISSN
- 1752-1505 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4349304
- OpenAlex
- W2170210923
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 10.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Conflict and Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Global Maternal and Child Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- prenatal care, Syrian refugees, refugee health, maternal health, family planning, health literacy, prenatal testing, folic acid supplementation, refugee housing, displaced persons, Lebanon
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