The DOI matches its Crossref record; 134 of the 134 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Next generation of immune checkpoint therapy in cancer: new developments and challenges
Open accessAbstract
Immune checkpoints consist of inhibitory and stimulatory pathways that maintain self-tolerance and assist with immune response. In cancer, immune checkpoint pathways are often activated to inhibit the nascent anti-tumor immune response. Immune checkpoint therapies act by blocking or stimulating these pathways and enhance the body's immunological activity against tumors. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecule-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), and programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1) are the most widely studied and recognized inhibitory checkpoint pathways. Drugs blocking these pathways are currently utilized for a wide variety of malignancies and have demonstrated durable clinical activities in a subset of cancer patients. This approach is rapidly extending beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1. New inhibitory pathways are under investigation, and drugs blocking LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT, VISTA, or B7/H3 are being investigated. Furthermore, agonists of stimulatory checkpoint pathways such as OX40, ICOS, GITR, 4-1BB, CD40, or molecules targeting tumor microenvironment components like IDO or TLR are under investigation. In this article, we have provided a comprehensive review of immune checkpoint pathways involved in cancer immunotherapy, and discuss their mechanisms and the therapeutic interventions currently under investigation in phase I/II clinical trials. We also reviewed the limitations, toxicities, and challenges and outline the possible future research directions.
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Cites
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Cited by
A guide to cancer immunotherapy: from T cell basic science to clinical practice
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy
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Roles of IFN-γ in tumor progression and regression: A review
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Cancer nanomedicine for combination cancer immunotherapy
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Metadata
- Authors
- Marin-Acevedo, J. A., Dholaria, B., Soyano, A. E., Knutson, K. L., Chumsri, S., & Lou, Y.
- Venue
- Journal of Hematology & Oncology
- Published
- 2018-03-15
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-39
- ISSN
- 1756-8722 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2799553179
- Cited by
- 804
- References
- 134
- FWCI
- 33.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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- Marin-Acevedo, J. A., Dholaria, B., Soyano, A. E., Knutson, K. L., Chumsri, S., & Lou, Y. (2018). Next generation of immune checkpoint therapy in cancer: new developments and challenges. Journal of Hematology & Oncology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13045-018-0582-8
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