Prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases among the Turner syndrome patients: meta-analysis of cross sectional studies.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis was done to estimate the prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) in Turner Syndrome patients, and to determine the clinical status of thyroid autoimmune diseases that occur frequently in association with Turner Syndrome. RESULTS: A total of 18 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled overall prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases in Turner Syndrome patients was 38.6% (95% CI 29.7-47.6%), with 12.7% (95% CI 9.30-16.1%) of them had clinical hypothyroidism and 2.6% (95% CI 1.5-3.8%) had hyperthyroidism. I-squared test had a high result of heterogeneity. In subgroup analyses, the prevalence of ATDs was higher in the European region than Asian region. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are commonly associated with Turner Syndrome. Early detection of thyroid diseases by optimal screening among children with Turner Syndrome is required to ensure effective management.
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Prevalence of hypothyroidism is increased among patients with Down syndrome (31%-65%).
“Prevalence of hypothyroidism is increased among patients with Down syndrome (31%-65%) andTurnersyndrome(12.7%). 16-18”
From Hypothyroidism: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
The Main text Results report that 12.7% of patients with Turner syndrome had clinical hypothyroidism, supporting the Turner-syndrome figure in the citing sentence. The paper does not address hypothyroidism prevalence in Down syndrome or the quoted 31%–65% range (searched: Down syndrome, 31%–65%). (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevalence of hypothyroidism is increased among patients with Turner syndrome (12.7%).
“Prevalence of hypothyroidism is increased among patients with Down syndrome (31%-65%) andTurnersyndrome(12.7%). 16-18”
From Hypothyroidism: A Review (2025) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Mohamed, S. O. O., Elkhidir, I. H. E., Abuzied, A. I. H., Noureddin, A. A. M. H., Ibrahim, G. A. A., & Mahmoud, A. A. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Khartoum (SD)
- Corresponding author
- Mohamed, Sagad Omer Obeid
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMC Research Notes
- Published
- 2018-11-29
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 842-842
- ISSN
- 1756-0500 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6264051
- OpenAlex
- W2902299794
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Research Notes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Keywords
- Turner syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease, prevalence, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, thyroid screening, children
- MeSH terms
- Autoimmune Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Turner Syndrome, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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