Impact of multisession 40Hz tACS on hippocampal perfusion in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with alterations in cortical perfusion that correlate with cognitive impairment. Recently, neural activity in the gamma band has been identified as a driver of arteriolar vasomotion while, on the other hand, gamma activity induction on preclinical models of AD has been shown to promote protein clearance and cognitive protection. Methods: In two open-label studies, we assessed the possibility to modulate cerebral perfusion in 15 mild to moderate AD participants via 40Hz (gamma) transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) administered 1 h daily for 2 or 4 weeks, primarily targeting the temporal lobe. Perfusion-sensitive MRI scans were acquired at baseline and right after the intervention, along with electrophysiological recording and cognitive assessments. Results: No serious adverse effects were reported by any of the participants. Arterial spin labeling MRI revealed a significant increase in blood perfusion in the bilateral temporal lobes after the tACS treatment. Moreover, perfusion changes displayed a positive correlation with changes in episodic memory and spectral power changes in the gamma band. Conclusions: Results suggest 40Hz tACS should be further investigated in larger placebo-controlled trials as a safe, non-invasive countermeasure to increase fast brain oscillatory activity and increase perfusion in critical brain areas in AD patients. Trial registration: Studies were registered separately on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03290326, registered on September 21, 2017; NCT03412604, registered on January 26, 2018).
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
AD progression from the hippocampus to other parts of the brain disrupts circuitry-level connection.
“AD progression from the hippocampus to other parts of the brain disrupts circuitry-level connection (e.g., [69]); that finding led to early clinical trials for inducing gamma-frequency or brain training to promote the connection among brain areas, and cognitive functions.”
From Current therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease and clinical trials (2024) · cites this paper as [69]
It takes 10-20 years for AD to manifest itself.
“It takes 10–20 years for AD to manifest itself (e.g., [5, 69]).”
From Current therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease and clinical trials (2024) · cites this paper as [69]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment
Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J. L., & Chertkow, H. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x · Cited by 25,553 · see citing works
Delorme, A., & Makeig, S. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009 · Cited by 24,371 · see citing works
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,010 · see citing works
Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589 · see citing works
Older Adults' Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place
Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Wouters, E. (2015) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000430949 · Cited by 19,851 · see citing works
Sensitivity and False Alarm Rate of a Fall Sensor in Long-Term Fall Detection in the Elderly
Kangas, M., Korpelainen, R., Vikman, I., Nyberg, L., & Jämsä, T. J. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362720 · Cited by 19,005 · see citing works
A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm
Ashburner, J. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.07.007 · Cited by 8,122 · see citing works
Overdependence on degraded gist memory in Alzheimer's disease.
Gallo, D. A., Shahid, K. R., Olson, M. A., Solomon, T. M., Schacter, D. L., & Budson, A. E. (2006) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.20.6.625 · Cited by 4,756 · see citing works
A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease
(1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.11.1356 · Cited by 4,175 · see citing works
Moms, J. C., Heyman, A., Mohs, R. C., Hughes, J. P., van Belle, G., Fillenbaum, G., Mellits, E. D., & Clark, C. (1989) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.39.9.1159 · Cited by 4,130 · see citing works
Brainstorm: A User-Friendly Application for MEG/EEG Analysis
Tadel, F., Baillet, S., Mosher, J. C., Pantazis, D., & Leahy, R. M. (2011) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2011/879716 · Cited by 3,625 · see citing works
Alzheimer Disease: An Update on Pathobiology and Treatment Strategies
Long, J. M., & Holtzman, D. M. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.09.001 · Cited by 3,204 · see citing works
Alzheimer disease in the United States (2010–2050) estimated using the 2010 census
Hebert, L. E., Weuve, J., Scherr, P. A., & Evans, D. A. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31828726f5 · Cited by 2,642 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and its prevalence continues to increase [1].”
BackgroundAlsop, D. C., Detre, J. A., Golay, X., Günther, M., Hendrikse, J., Hernández-García, L., Lu, H., MacIntosh, B. J., Parkes, L. M., Smits, M., et al. (2014) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.25197 · Cited by 2,218 · see citing works
Self-citationAmyloid-β–induced neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: from synapses toward neural networks
Palop, J. J., & Mucke, L. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2583 · Cited by 1,651 · see citing works
Gamma frequency entrainment attenuates amyloid load and modifies microglia
Iaccarino, H. F., Singer, A. C., Martorell, A. J., Rudenko, A., Gao, F., Gillingham, T. Z., Mathys, H., Seo, J., Kritskiy, O., Abdurrob, F., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature20587 · Cited by 1,328 · see citing works
Antal, A., Alekseichuk, I., Bikson, M., Brockmöller, J., Brunoni, A. R., Chen, R. E., Cohen, L. G., Dowthwaite, G., Ellrich, J., Flöel, A., et al. (2017) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.001 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
Self-citationVerret, L., Mann, E. O., Hang, G. B., Barth, A. M. I., Cobos, I., Ho, K., Devidze, N., Masliah, E., Kreitzer, A. C., Mody, I., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.02.046 · Cited by 1,216 · see citing works
An Inventory to Assess Activities of Daily Living for Clinical Trials in Alzheimerʼs Disease
Galasko, D., Bennett, D. A., Sano, M., Ernesto, C., Thomas, R., Grundman, M., & Ferris, S. H. (1997) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-199700112-00005 · Cited by 1,198 · see citing works
Bidirectional control of CNS capillary diameter by pericytes
Peppiatt, C. M., Howarth, C., Mobbs, P., & Attwell, D. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature05193 · Cited by 1,150 · see citing works
Glymphatic failure as a final common pathway to dementia
Nedergaard, M., & Goldman, S. A. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb8739 · Cited by 1,145 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, the socalled glymphatic system, that seems to be impaired in AD mouse models and AD patients [13, 14].”
BackgroundNetwork abnormalities and interneuron dysfunction in Alzheimer disease
Palop, J. J., & Mucke, L. (2016) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.141 · Cited by 1,022 · see citing works
Endogenous electric fields may guide neocortical network activity
Fröhlich, F., & McCormick, D. A. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.06.005 · Cited by 913 · see citing works
Galasko, D. R., Bennett, D., Sano, M., Ernesto, C., Thomas, R., Grundman, M., & Ferris, S. H. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Memory improvement following induced hyperinsulinemia in Alzheimer’s disease
Craft, S., Newcomer, J., Kanne, S., Dagogo-Jack, S., Cryer, P., Sheline, Y., Luby, J., Dagogo-Jack, A., & Alderson, A. (1996) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/0197-4580(95)02002-0 · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Jueptner, M., & Weiller, C. (1995) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1995.1017 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Vasomotion as a Driving Force for Paravascular Clearance in the Awake Mouse Brain
van Veluw, S. J., Hou, S. S., Calvo-Rodríguez, M., Arbel‐Ornath, M., Snyder, A. C., Frosch, M. P., Greenberg, S. M., & Bacskai, B. J. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.10.033 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Gamma Entrainment Binds Higher-Order Brain Regions and Offers Neuroprotection
Adaikkan, C., Middleton, S. J., Marco, A., Pao, P., Mathys, H., Kim, D. N.-W., Gao, F., Young, J. Z., Suk, H., Boyden, E. S., et al. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.04.011 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Transcranial Electric Stimulation Entrains Cortical Neuronal Populations in Rats
Irmak, S. O., Sirota, A., Belluscio, M., Anastassiou, C. A., Stark, E., Christof Koch, A., & Buzsáki, G. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5252-09.2010 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Dai, W., López, O. L., Carmichael, O. T., Becker, J. T., Kuller, L. H., & Gach, H. M. (2009) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2503080751 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Sustained Aftereffect of α-tACS Lasts Up to 70 min after Stimulation
Kasten, F. H., Dowsett, J., & Herrmann, C. S. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00245 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on human regional cerebral blood flow
Zheng, X., Alsop, D. C., & Schlaug, G. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.018 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Self-citationBabiloni, C., Lizio, R., Marzano, N., Capotosto, P., Soricelli, A., Triggiani, A. I., Cordone, S., Gesualdo, L., & Percio, C. D. (2015) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.008 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Pontecorvo, M. J., Devous, M. D., Navitsky, M., Lu, M., Salloway, S., Schaerf, F. W., Jennings, D., Arora, A. K., McGeehan, A., Lim, N. C., et al. (2017) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww334 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Ruffini, G., Fox, M., Ripollés, O., Miranda, P. C., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.002 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Self-citationDüzel, E., Penny, W. D., & Burgess, N. (2010) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2010.01.004 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Transcranial alternating current stimulation entrains single-neuron activity in the primate brain
Krause, M. R., Vieira, P. G., Csorba, B. A., Pilly, P. K., & Pack, C. C. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1815958116 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Mateo, C., Knutsen, P. M., Tsai, P. S., Shih, A. Y., & Kleinfeld, D. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.10.012 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Voxel-level comparison of arterial spin-labeled perfusion MRI and FDG-PET in Alzheimer disease
Chen, Y., Wolk, D. A., Reddin, J. S., Korczykowski, M., Martínez‐Sánchez, P., Musiek, E. S., Newberg, A. B., Julin, P., Arnold, S. E., Greenberg, J. H., et al. (2011) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e31823a0ef7 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
ASL Perfusion MRI Predicts Cognitive Decline and Conversion From MCI to Dementia
Chao, L. L., Buckley, S. T., Kornak, J., Schuff, N. W., Madison, C. A., Yaffe, K. S., Miller, B. L., Kramer, J. H., & Weiner, M. W. (2010) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0b013e3181b4f736 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Johnson, L. A., Alekseichuk, I., Krieg, J. D. S., Doyle, A. M., Yu, Y., Vitek, J. L., Johnson, M. D., & Opitz, A. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz2747 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Frequency-Dependent Enhancement of Fluid Intelligence Induced by Transcranial Oscillatory Potentials
Santarnecchi, E., Polizzotto, N. R., Godone, M., Giovannelli, F., Feurra, M., Matzen, L. E., Rossi, A., & Rossi, S. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.022 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationHippocampal hyperperfusion in Alzheimer's disease
Alsop, D. C., Casement, M. D., de BAZELAIRE, C., Fong, T. G., & Press, D. Z. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.06.006 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Self-citationMusiek, E. S., Chen, Y., Korczykowski, M., Saboury, B., Martinez, P. M., Reddin, J. S., Alavi, A. A., Kimberg, D. Y., Wolk, D. A., Julin, P., et al. (2011) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2011.06.003 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Fischer, D. B., Fried, P. J., Ruffini, G., Ripollés, O., Salvador, R., Banús, J., Ketchabaw, W. T., Santarnecchi, E., Pascual‐Leone, Á., & Fox, M. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.05.060 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Self-citationDrew, P. J., Matéo, C., Turner, K. L., Yu, X., & Kleinfeld, D. (2020) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.020 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Ahn, S., Mellin, J. M., Alagapan, S., Alexander, M. L., Gilmore, J. H., Jarskog, L. F., & Frӧhlich, F. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.056 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Santarnecchi, E., Müller, T., Rossi, S., Sarkar, A., Polizzotto, N. R., Rossi, A., & Kadosh, R. C. (2015) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.003 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationEndogenous Cortical Oscillations Constrain Neuromodulation by Weak Electric Fields
Schmidt, S. L., Iyengar, A. K., Foulser, A. A., Boyle, M. R., & Frӧhlich, F. (2014) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.07.033 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Cerebral perfusion in the predementia stages of Alzheimer’s disease
Binnewijzend, M. A. A., Benedictus, M. R., Kuijer, J. P. A., van der Flier, W. M., Teunissen, C. E., Prins, N. D., Wattjes, M. P., van Berckel, B. N. M., Scheltens, P., & Barkhof, F. (2015) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-015-3834-9 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Ahn, S., Prim, J., Alexander, M. L., McCulloch, K. L., & Frӧhlich, F. (2018) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2018.09.004 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Li, W., Antuono, P., Xie, C., Chen, G., Jones, J. L., Ward, B. D., Franczak, M. B., Goveas, J. S., & Li, S. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.077 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Unveiling astrocytic control of cerebral blood flow with optogenetics
Masamoto, K., Unekawa, M., Watanabe, T., Toriumi, H., Takuwa, H., Kawaguchi, H., Kanno, I., Matsui, K., Tanaka, K. F., 冨田, 裕., et al. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep11455 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Hosseini, M. B., & Bikson, M. (2021) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2021.04.015 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Claus, J. J., Kwa, V. I. H., Teunisse, S., Walstra, G. J. M., van Gool, W. A., Koelman, J. H. T. M., Bour, L. J., & de Visser, B. W. O. (1998) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-199809000-00008 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Antonenko, D., Faxel, M., Grittner, U., Lavidor, M., & Flöel, A. (2016) · Journal of Neural Transplantation and Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2016/4274127 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Gamma tACS over the temporal lobe increases the occurrence of Eureka! moments
Santarnecchi, E., Sprugnoli, G., Bricolo, E., Costantini, G., Liew, S., Musaeus, C. S., Salvi, C., Pascual‐Leone, Á., Rossi, A., & Rossi, S. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42192-z · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting brain networks with multichannel transcranial current stimulation (tCS)
Ruffini, G., Wendling, F., Sanchez-Todo, R., & Santarnecchi, E. (2018) · Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.cobme.2018.11.001 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationAdvances in perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease
Chen, W., Song, X., Beyea, S., D’Arcy, R. C. N., Zhang, Y., & Rockwood, K. J. (2010) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.04.004 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Santarnecchi, E., Biasella, A., Tatti, E., Rossi, A., Prattichizzo, D., & Rossi, S. (2017) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.03.006 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationMeningeal cells can communicate with astrocytes by calcium signaling
Grafstein, B., Liu, S., Cotrina, M. L., Goldman, S. A., & Nedergaard, M. (2000) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/1531-8249(200001)47:1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationHuang, C., Hsu, S., Chang, Y., Huang, S., Huang, Y., Lee, C., Chang, W., Lui, C., Chen, N.-C., & Chang, C. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19387-x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Gamma oscillations in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit underlying memory and dementia
Nakazono, T., Jun, H., Blurton-Jones, M. M., Green, K. N., & Igarashi, K. M. (2018) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2018.02.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Rapid, Dose-Dependent Enhancement of Cerebral Blood Flow by transcranial AC Stimulation in Mouse
Turner, D. A., Degan, S., Galeffi, F., Schmidt, S. L., & Peterchev, A. V. (2020) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2020.11.012 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Kayarian, F. B., Jannati, A., Rotenberg, A., & Santarnecchi, E. (2020) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2312 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationRubinski, A., Tosun, D., Franzmeier, N., Neitzel, J., Frontzkowski, L. K., Weiner, M. W., & Ewers, M. (2021) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.02.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Sandran, N. G., Hillier, S., & Hordacre, B. G. (2019) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-019-0529-5 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
How flashing lights and pink noise might banish Alzheimer’s, improve memory and more
Thomson, H. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/d41586-018-02391-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Regional brain metabolism in schizophrenia: An FDG-PET study
Seethalakshmi, R., Parkar, S., Nair, N., Adarkar, S., Pandit, A., Batra, S., Baghel, N., & Moghe, S. (2006) · Indian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/0019-5545.31577 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Iizuka, T., & Kameyama, M. (2016) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.12818 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Primary Endpoints in Current Phase II/III Trials for Alzheimer Disease
Takeshima, N., Ishiwata, K., Sozu, T., & Furukawa, T. A. (2019) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/wad.0000000000000297 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Setbacks and Opportunities in Disease-Modifying Therapies in Alzheimer Disease
Forester, B. P., Patrick, R. E., & Harper, D. G. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2332 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Nissim, N. R., Pham, D. V., Poddar, T., Blutt, E., & Hamilton, R. H. (2023) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2023.04.001 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Ultrasound as a versatile tool for short- and long-term improvement and monitoring of brain function
Blackmore, D. G., Razansky, D., & Götz, J. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.018 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
The emerging field of non-invasive brain stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease
Koch, G., Altomare, D., Benussi, A., Bréchet, L., Casula, E. P., Dodich, A., Pievani, M., Santarnecchi, E., & Frisoni, G. B. (2024) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awae292 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationAudiovisual gamma stimulation for the treatment of neurodegeneration
Blanco‐Duque, C., Chan, D., Kahn, M. C., Murdock, M. H., & Tsai, L. (2023) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13755 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
An update on the use of gamma (multi)sensory stimulation for Alzheimer’s disease treatment
Manippa, V., Palmisano, A., Filardi, M., Vilella, D., Nitsche, M. A., Rivolta, D., & Logroscino, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1095081 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Cognitive and Neuropathophysiological Outcomes of Gamma-tACS in Dementia: A Systematic Review
Manippa, V., Palmisano, A., Nitsche, M. A., Filardi, M., Vilella, D., Logroscino, G., & Rivolta, D. (2023) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-023-09589-0 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Agboada, D., Zhao, Z., & Wischnewski, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2025.1548478 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Model-based whole-brain perturbational landscape of neurodegenerative diseases
Perl, Y. S., Fittipaldi, S., Campo, C. G., Moguilner, S., Cruzat, J., Fraile-Vazquez, M. E., Herzog, R. A., Kringelbach, M. L., Deco, G., Prado, P., et al. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.83970 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Vohryzek, J., Cabral, J., Castaldo, F., Perl, Y. S., Lord, L.-D., Fernandes, H. M., Vladimir Litvak, A., Kringelbach, M. L., & Deco, G. (2022) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2022.11.060 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Paolis, M. L. D., Paoletti, I., Zaccone, C., Capone, F., D’Amelio, M., & Krashia, P. (2024) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-024-00423-y · Cited by 39 · see citing works
40-Hz optogenetic stimulation rescues functional synaptic plasticity after stroke
Wang, C., Lin, C., Zhao, Y., Samantzis, M., Sedlak, P. L., Sah, P., & Balbi, M. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113475 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The 2022 yearbook of Neurorestoratology
Huang, H., Bach, J. R., Sharma, H. S., Saberi, H., Jeon, S. R., Guo, X., Shetty, A. K., Hawamdeh, Z. M., Sharma, A., Wild, K. V., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neurorestoratology · doi:10.1016/j.jnrt.2023.100054 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Tang, Y., Xing, Y., Sun, L., Wang, Z., Wang, C., YANG, K. Y., Zhu, W. P., Shi, X., Xie, B., Yin, Y., et al. (2024) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-024-01570-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Linnhoff, S., Koehler, L., Haghikia, A., & Zaehle, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.935614 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Current therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease and clinical trials
Xiao, D., & Zhang, C. (2024) · Exploration of Neuroscience · doi:10.37349/en.2024.00048 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Wu, L., Zhang, W., Li, S., Li, Y., Yuan, Y., Huang, L., Cao, T., Fan, L., Chen, J. C., Wang, J., et al. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering · doi:10.1109/tnsre.2023.3265378 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Wang, T., Yan, S., Shan, Y., Xue, H., Xing, Y., Bi, S., Chen, Z., Xi, H., Qi, Z., Tang, Y., et al. (2025) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.241463 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Altomare, D., Benussi, A., Cantoni, V., Premi, E., Rivolta, J., Cupidi, C., Martorana, A., Santarnecchi, E., Padovani, A., Koch, G., et al. (2023) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-023-01297-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationMencarelli, L., Monti, L., Romanella, S. M., Neri, F., Koch, G., Salvador, R., Ruffini, G., Sprugnoli, G., Rossi, S., & Santarnecchi, E. (2022) · Neural Plasticity · doi:10.1155/2022/6197505 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Y., Liu, S., Tang, C., Tang, K., Liu, D., Chen, M., Mao, Z., & Xia, X. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.1068175 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Jones, K. T., Gallen, C. L., Ostrand, A. E., Rojas, J. C., Wais, P. E., Rini, J. F., Chan, B., Lago, A. L., Boxer, A. L., Zhao, M., et al. (2023) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.04.005 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Toward Precision Noninvasive Brain Stimulation
Cappon, D., & Pascual‐Leone, Á. (2024) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20240643 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting Neural Oscillations for Cognitive Enhancement in Alzheimer’s Disease
Palacino, F., Manganotti, P., & Benussi, A. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61030547 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Paulson, A. L., Zhang, L., Prichard, A., & Singer, A. C. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2419364122 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Su, I., Hsu, C., Shen, S.-T., Chao, P., Hsu, J. T., Hsueh, J., Liang, J., Hsu, Y.-T., & Shie, F. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23010556 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Liu, Q., Contreras, A. J., Afaq, M. S., Yang, W., Hsu, D. K., Russell, M., Lyeth, B. G., Zanto, T. P., & Zhao, M. (2023) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-023-01085-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Biačková, N., Adamová, A., & Klírová, M. (2023) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-023-01687-7 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Pathophysiological Underpinnings of Gamma-Band Alterations in Psychiatric Disorders
Palmisano, A., Pandit, S., Smeralda, C. L., Demchenko, I., Rossi, S., Battelli, L., Rivolta, D., Bhat, V., & Santarnecchi, E. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14050578 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Y., Tang, C., Wei, K., Liu, D., Tang, K., Chen, M., Xia, X., & Mao, Z. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.962684 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Kraft, J. D., & Hampstead, B. (2023) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-023-09621-3 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Alpha tACS Improves Cognition and Modulates Neurotransmission in Dementia with Lewy Bodies
Benussi, A., Cantoni, V., Rivolta, J., Zoppi, N., Cotelli, M. S., Bianchi, M., Cotelli, M., & Borroni, B. (2024) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.29969 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Nezhad, F. G., Martin, J., Tassone, V. K., Swiderski, A., Demchenko, I., Khan, S., Chaudhry, H. E., Palmisano, A., Santarnecchi, E., & Bhat, V. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1419243 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationUehara, M. A., Kalia, S., Campuzano, M. T. G., Jozani, M. J., Lithgow, B. J., & Moussavi, Z. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61040757 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Focused Review of Gamma Neuromodulation as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer’s Spectrum Disorders
Shu, I.-W., Lin, Y., Granholm, E. L., & Singh, F. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs.20240001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The safety and effectiveness of 40 Hz γ-tACS in Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis
Zhang, X., Lv, R.-H., Sun, Y., & Liu, T. C. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877241289397 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wang, X., Zhang, X., Chang, Y., Liao, J., Liu, S., & Ming, D. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03256-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Temporal gamma tACS and auditory stimulation affect verbal memory in healthy adults
Manippa, V., Nitsche, M. A., Filardi, M., Vilella, D., Scianatico, G., Logroscino, G., & Rivolta, D. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14653 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Giménez, S., Millan, A., Mora-Morell, A., Ayuso, N., Gastaldo-Jordán, I., & Pardo, M. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29153580 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer’s Disease Trials
Benussi, A., & Borroni, B. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230535 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Triumbari, E. K. A., Chiaravalloti, A., Schillaci, O., Mercuri, N. B., & Liguori, C. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-240349 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Non-invasive brain stimulation in cognitive sciences and Alzheimer's disease
Carrarini, C., Pappalettera, C., Pera, D. L., & Rossini, P. M. (2025) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1500502 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Optimal gamma‐band entrainment of visual cortex
Petro, N. M., Webert, L. K., Springer, S. D., Okelberry, H. J., John, J. A., Horne, L. K., Glesinger, R. J., Rempe, M. P., & Wilson, T. W. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26775 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Campos, G. S.-G., Zafra, Á. M., Rodríguez, M. E., Cordones, I., Ruffini, G., & Márquez‐Ruiz, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1549230 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationSanchez-Todo, R., Mercadal, B., Lopez-Sola, E., Guasch-Morgades, M., Deco, G., & Ruffini, G. (2026) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70428 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationOciepka, M., Chinta, S. R., Basoń, P., & Chuderski, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2024.1354671 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wang, T., Yan, S., Shan, Y., Xing, Y., Bi, S., Chen, Z., Xi, H., Xue, H., Qi, Z., Tang, Y., et al. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-240400 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Wang, H., Qin, N., Maimaitiaili, D., Wu, J., Shuo, W. A. N. G., Zhou, Y., Lu, J., & Li, Y. (2025) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877251315777 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ruffini, G., Lopez-Sola, E., Palma, R., Sanchez-Todo, R., Vohryzek, J., Castaldo, F., & Friston, K. J. (2026) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.a.1537 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationMicroglia as a Possible Alternative Therapeutic for Dementia
Alavez-Rubio, J. S., & Juárez‐Cedillo, T. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-230112 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Unexpected contribution to the prevailing trend of positive results for 40 Hz light flickerPreprint
Carstensen, M., Pedersen, J. T., & Carstensen, J. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.10.27.564342 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
γ neuromodulations: unraveling biomarkers for neurological and psychiatric disorders
Dai, Z.-P., Wen, Q., Wu, P., Zhang, Y., Fang, C.-L., Dai, M., Zhou, H., Wang, H., Tang, H., Zhang, S.-Q., et al. (2025) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-025-00619-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gendra, J. C., Lopez-Sola, E., Castaldo, F., Lleal-Custey, È., Sanchez-Todo, R., Vohryzek, J., Salvador, R., Andrzejak, R. G., Ruffini, G., & Initiative, T. A. D. N. (2025) · Network Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/netn.a.540 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationPark, S., Lee, G. G., Kim, J.-E., & Kim, D. H. (2025) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2025.0057 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Palmisano, A., Pezanko, L. R., Cappon, D., Tatti, E., Macone, J., Koch, G., Smeralda, C. L., Romanella, S. M., Ruffini, G., Rivolta, D., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.70025 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationYang, C., Jung, B., & Lee, S. (2023) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.23.1118 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rodgers, G., Joodaki, M., Hopf, A., Santarnecchi, E., Guzman, R. G., Müller, B., & Osmani, B. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121206 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationSun, H., Wang, Y., Dong, Y., Duan, M., Chen, Z., & Fu, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2024.1492838 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mitterová, K., Pupíková, M., Gajdoš, M., Eliášová, I., & Rektorová, I. (2025) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-025-01922-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gamma oscillation modulation for cognitive impairment: A systematic review
Bartolini, E., Crosta, A. D., Malva, P. L., Marín, A., Ceccato, I., Prete, G., Mammarella, N., Domenico, A. D., & Palumbo, R. (2025) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877251328698 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vohryzek, J., Cabral, J., Perl, Y. S., Demirtaş, M., Falcón, C., Gispert, J. D., Bosch, B., Balasa, M., Kringelbach, M. L., Sánchez‐Valle, R., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.04.20.537688 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationGimenez, S., Millan, A., Mora-Morell, A., Ayuso, N., Gastaldo-Jordán, I., & Pardo, M. (2024) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202407.0196.v1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Group optimization methods for dose planning in tES
Salvador, R., Zhou, J., Manor, B. D., & Ruffini, G. (2025) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/adf887 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationTang, Y., Liu, D., Li, S., Zhu, L., Zhu, Y., Shi, N., Wang, Y., Zhu, Y., Gao, T., & Ma, Y. (2025) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-025-08519-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Combined effects of 40 Hz ultrasound and light stimulation on neural oscillations and cognition
Gao, M., Zhang, S., Yi, S., Zhu, Y., Meng, W., Zheng, H., Lin, Z., & Niu, L. (2025) · Ultrasonics · doi:10.1016/j.ultras.2025.107923 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Salehinejad, M. A., & Jouzdani, A. F. (2026) · Brain Network Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.bnd.2026.01.002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Age-Related Neurovascular Dysfunction in the Retina and Potential Pathogenic Mechanisms
Wu, Y., Cao, Q., & Liu, Q. (2026) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.67.4.16 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Attempting to counteract vigilance decrement in older adults with brain stimulation
Löffler, B. S., Stecher, H. I., Meiser, A., Fudickar, S. J. F., Hein, A., & Herrmann, C. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Neuroergonomics · doi:10.3389/fnrgo.2023.1201702 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mencarelli, L., Assogna, M., Savastano, E., Borghi, I., Candeo, F., Bonnı̀, S., Lorenzo, F. D., Sanchez-Todo, R., Salvador, R., Santarnecchi, E., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.04.14.25325464 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Neural Basis of AgingPreprint
Jackson, B. (2025) · doi:10.33774/coe-2025-fcg76-v3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Re-tuning the brain: The promise of 40 Hz sensory stimulation in Alzheimer's disease
Scaramuzzi, G. F., Manippa, V., & Taurisano, P. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261429856 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nonmedication Devices in Development for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Sleem, T., Decourt, B., & Sabbagh, M. N. (2024) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease Reports · doi:10.3233/adr-230115 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ferrazzano, G., Maccarrone, D., Guerra, A., Collura, A., Satriano, F., Fratino, M., Ievolella, F., Belvisi, D., Amato, M. P., Centonze, D., et al. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/13524585251333575 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prospects for treating Alzheimer’s disease
Васильевна, В. Н., Novikov, D. K., Vekhova, K. A., Zhuk, A. M., Klimanovich, D. L., Isaikin, A. I., & Zakharov, V. V. (2025) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202512504254 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bečev, O., Laskov, O., Bakštein, E., Štrobl, J., Hubený, J., Biačková, N., Schlezingerová, N., Novák, T., Mohr, P., & Klírová, M. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121364 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gong, Q., Fu, X., Feng, D., Rao, S., Pütz, B., Müller‐Myhsok, B., Wei, L., Shen, C., Zhang, Y., Xu, L., et al. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-03822-z · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liu, Q., Contreras, A. J., Afaq, M. S., Yang, W., Hsu, D. K., Russell, M., Lyeth, B. G., Zanto, T. P., & Zhao, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2157515/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Neural Basis of AgingPreprint
Jackson, B. (2025) · doi:10.33774/coe-2025-fcg76-v2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Liu, Q., Contreras, A. J., Afaq, M. S., Yang, W., Hsu, D. K., Russell, M., Lyeth, B. G., Zanto, T. P., & Zhao, M. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4168479
Liu, Q., Contreras, A. J., Afaq, M. S., Yang, W., Hsu, D. K., Russell, M., Lyeth, B. G., Zanto, T. P., & Zhao, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2157515/v2
Lo, D. F., Shamilov, D. D., Jackson, K., & Maniar, P. (2023) · doi:10.22541/au.169111640.02886076/v1
Jones, T., Shalom, M., Chalamgari, A., Gold, J. L., Zomalan, B., Patel, S., Munjal, V., Khan, M. F., Mao, Y., Gendreau, J. L., et al. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.85156
Prospects for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Васильевна, В. Н., Novikov, D. K., Vekhova, K. A., Zhuk, A. M., Klimanovich, D. L., Isaikin, A. I., & Zakharov, V. V. (2025) · Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology · doi:10.1007/s11055-025-01882-0
Wang, X., Wang, X., Zhao, C., Zhao, H., Wang, P., & Song, T. (2025) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2025.115995 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Wang, A. S., Marino, M. A., Helson, A., Abbasi, M. H., Dally, J., & Miulli, D. E. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.101122
Chen, B., Shu, I.-W., Galasko, D. R., & Singh, F. (2026) · Advanced technology in neuroscience . · doi:10.4103/atn.atn-d-25-00032
Epicranial electrical stimulation improves non-navigational spatial memory in macaque monkeys
Peeleman, N., Laughlin, M. M., Theys, T., Vandenbulcke, M., & Janssen, P. (2026) · Neuroimage Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ynirp.2026.100331
Zheng, W., Geng, D., Wang, A., Li, Z., Liu, A., Chen, S., Wang, Q., Su, C., Yan, Z., Yin, Y., et al. (2026) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-026-02052-1
Sun, J., Wang, R., Wang, Q., Yao, H., Mu, Q., Wei, N. K., & Yu, H. (2026) · Advanced technology in neuroscience . · doi:10.4103/atn.atn-d-25-00034
Valverde, H. P., Clark, B. J., Hogeveen, J., & Clark, V. P. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16050527
Jiang, Y., Guo, Z., Jiao, R., Jiang, N., & He, J. I. (2025) · International IEEE/EMBS Conference on Neural Engineering · doi:10.1109/ner61569.2025.11588981
Jackson, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1895931
Liu, Y., Lu, J., Zhang, Z., Yao, D., Xia, Y., & Chen, K. (2026) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision10030050
Li, Y., Park, J., Park, J. Y., & Kim, W. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1916856
Chen, J., Zhang, W., Liu, Q., & Zhang, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1884893
Neuromodulatory interventions for Alzheimer’s disease
Wang, R., Zhu, B., Guo, Q., Huang, J. S., & Zhang, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1925914
Yuan, Y., Xing, S., Ren, P., Chen, Z., & Fu, Y. (2026) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.1177/13872877261497298
- Authors
- Sprugnoli, G., Munsch, F., Cappon, D., Paciorek, R., Macone, J., Connor, A., El Fakhri, G., Salvador, R., Ruffini, G., Donohoe, K., Shafi, M. M., Press, D., Alsop, D. C., Pascual Leone, A., & Santarnecchi, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- Neuroelectrics Barcelona SLU (Spain) (ES)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Santarnecchi, Emiliano
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2021-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 203-203
- ISSN
- 1758-9193 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8690894
- OpenAlex
- W4200119814
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 7
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Alzheimer s Research & Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- defense advanced research projects agency (NCT03412604)
- beth israel deaconess medical center (NCT03290326)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, transcranial alternating current stimulation, cerebral blood flow, gamma oscillations, arterial spin labeling, episodic memory, temporal lobe, non-invasive brain stimulation, cognitive impairment
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Hippocampus, Humans, Perfusion, Cognitive Dysfunction, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review