Mesenchymal stem cell therapy as a game-changer in liver diseases: review of current clinical trials
Open accessAbstract
Chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and liver failure, remain formidable challenges due to their complex progression and limited therapeutic options. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has emerged as a game-changing approach, leveraging its potent immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic, and regenerative capabilities, along with the ability to transdifferentiate into hepatocytes. This review delves into the latest advances in MSC-based treatments for chronic and end-stage liver diseases, as highlighted in current clinical trials. MSCs derived from bone marrow and umbilical cord have shown remarkable promise in reversing liver damage, improving liver function, and providing hope for patients who do not respond to conventional therapies. When administered through hepatic, portal, or peripheral veins, MSCs have significantly improved liver histology, reduced fibrosis, and restored functional capacity. Furthermore, MSC-derived materials, such as extracellular vesicles and exosomes, are emerging as cutting-edge tools for treating liver failure and mitigating post-transplant complications. While autologous MSC-derived hepatocytes hold promise for non-fatal cirrhosis, allogeneic MSCs are being applied in more severe conditions, including liver failure and transplantation cases. Despite these promising early outcomes, larger trials and long-term studies are essential to fully harness MSCs as a transformative, off-the-shelf alternative to liver transplantation, heralding a new era in regenerative liver therapies.
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When exposed to an inflammatory milieu, MSCs can orchestrate local and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses through direct cell contact or remotely secreting immune modulators including TGF-β1, HGF, PGE2, IDO, NO, HO-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IL-25, IL-1Rα, PD-L1, PD-L2, TSG6, HNF4α, HLA-G5, and galectin.
“When exposed to an inflammatory milieu, MSCs can orchestrate local and systemic innate and adaptive immune responses through direct cell contact or remotely secreting immune modulators, including but not limited to TGF-β1, HGF, PGE2, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), NO, HO-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-11, IL-25, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Rα), programmed death-ligand (PD-L) 1 (B7-H1), PD-L2 (B”
From Mechanisms, efficacy, and future perspectives of cellular-based therapies for liver fibrosis/cirrhosis: focusing on mesenchymal stromal cells (2025) · cites this paper as [134]
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- Authors
- Huang, W.-C., Li, Y.-C., Chen, P.-X., Ma, K. S.-K., & Wang, L.-T.
- Affiliations
- Tri-Service General Hospital (TW)
- Taipei Medical University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Li-Tzu
- Venue
- Stem Cell Research & Therapy
- Published
- 2025-01-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-3
- ISSN
- 1757-6512 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11705688
- OpenAlex
- W4406089478
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 111
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15
- FWCI
- 4.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Stem Cell Research & Therapy (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Science and Technology Council (MOST111-2314-B-016-049, NSTC113-2314-B-038-021)
- Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-D-109077)
- Taipei Medical University (TMU112-AE1-B08)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Keywords
- mesenchymal stem cells, liver disease, chronic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, liver failure, stem cell therapy, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, liver fibrosis, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells, liver transplantation alternatives, regenerative medicine, immunomodulation, clinical trials
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Liver Diseases, Hepatocytes, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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