Development and validation of the Japanese version of the psychological preparedness for disaster threat scale

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Turkish version PPDTS-T21 yielded a three-factor model excluding anticipatory coping as a distinct domain.

“For instance, the Turkish version (PPDTS-T21) yielded a three-factor model excluding anticipatory coping as a distinct domain [23].”

• cites [23] 23. Türkdoğan Görgün, C., Koçak Şen, İ. & McLennan, J. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the psychological preparedness for disaster threat scale. Advance online publication. Nat. Hazards (Dordr) , 1-16 (2023). sourceSupported

May combine two claims.

Internal consistency was high for the total scale (α = .956, ω = .962) and for each subscale (α = .919, .936, and .827; ω = .915, .938, and .827, for KMESE, MEPR, and MSE, respectively).

“Internal consistency was high for the total scale (α = .956, ω = .962) and for each subscale (α = .919, .936, and .827; ω = .915, .938, and .827, for KMESE, MEPR, and MSE, respectively).”

May combine two claims.

Convergent validity was supported by moderate to strong positive correlations with disaster resilience (r = .680) and self-efficacy (r = .734), consistent with prior literature.

“Convergent validity was supported by moderate to strong positive correlations with disaster resilience ( r = .680) and self-efficacy ( r = .734), consistent with prior literature highlighting the role of confidence, coping capacity, and practical knowledge in psychological preparedness [7,10].”

• cites [7] 7. Boylan, J. L. & Lawrence, C. What does it mean to psychologically prepare for a disaster? A systematic review. Int. J. Disaster Risk Reduc. 45 , 101480 (2020). sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites [10] 10. McLennan, J., Marques, M. D. & Every, D. Conceptualising and measuring psychological preparedness for disaster: the Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale. Nat. Hazards 101 , 297-307 (2020). sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Item 3 was removed due to cross-loadings, and items 25 and 26 were excluded for having factor loadings below .40.

“Item 3 was removed due to cross-loadings, and items 25 and 26 were excluded for having factor loadings below .40.”

May combine two claims.

Changes in CFI (< .01) and RMSEA (< .015) between nested models were within acceptable thresholds, indicating an equivalent factorial structure of the scale across sex and age groups.

“In all comparisons, changes in CFI (&lt; .01) and RMSEA (&lt; .015) between nested models were within acceptable thresholds, indicating an equivalent factorial structure of the scale across these groups.”

May combine two claims.

No statistically significant differences were found in PPDTS-J23 total scores or any subscale scores based on whether participants had experienced typhoon or severe storm damage, whether their home had been damaged, or whether they had evacuated.

“As shown in Table 4, no statistically significant differences were found in the PPDTS-J23 total scores or any of its subscale scores (KMESE, MEPR, and MSE) based on whether participants had experienced a typhoon or severe storm damage, whether their home had been damaged by such an event, or whether they had evacuated due to a typhoon or severe storm.”

The quote only partly states this claim.

PPDTS-J23 was positively correlated with Use of support (r = .23, p < .001).

“Use of support | .80 | .81 | 14.49 | 3.00 | .23 | ***”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

PPDTS-J23 was not significantly correlated with Emotion-focused coping (r = -.03).

“Emotion- focused coping | .81 | .81 | 23.85 | 4.87 | -.03”

May combine two claims.

The MSE subscale had an internal consistency of α = .83 and ω = .83.

“MSE | .83 | .83 | 6.64 | 1.78”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

The PPDTS-J23 comprises three factors: knowledge and management of the external situational environment, management of one's emotional and psychological response, and management of one's social environment.

“Factor 1: knowledge and management of the external situational environment”

• Also stated in: § Tables · p. 10 · plain

  “Factor 2: management of one's emotional and psychological response”

• Also stated in: § Tables · p. 10 · plain

  “Factor 3: management of one's social”

The quote only partly states this claim.

PPDTS-J23 was positively correlated with Self-management efficacy (r = .63, p < .001).

“PPDTS-J23 | .96 | .96 | 57.90 | 12.67 | - | | .94 | *** | .91 | *** | .73 | *** | .42 | *** | .50 | *** | .63 | ***”

May combine two claims.

The PPDTS-J23 full scale had an internal consistency of α = .96 and ω = .96.

“PPDTS-J23 | .96 | .96 | 57.90 | 12.67”

The quote only partly states this claim.

PPDTS-J23 was positively correlated with Interpersonal resource utilization efficacy (r = .64, p < .001).

“Interpersonal resource utilization efficacy | .91 | .91 | 17.50 | 5.04 | .64 | ***”

May combine two claims.

The KMESE subscale had an internal consistency of α = .91 and ω = .91.

“KMESE | .91 | .91 | 26.42 | 6.15”

May combine two claims.

Weak or negligible correlations were observed between the PPDTS-J23 and the emotion-focused coping and use of support subscales of the Brief COPE, supporting its discriminant validity in these aspects.

“As hypothesized, weak or negligible correlations were observed between the PPDTS-J23 and the emotion-focused coping and use of support subscales of the Brief COPE, supporting its discriminant validity in these aspects.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: General coping styles measured by the Brief COPE subscales are conceptually distinct from psychological preparedness.

The quote only partly states this claim.

PPDTS-J23 was positively correlated with Problem-focused coping (r = .58, p < .001).

“Problem- focused coping | .82 | .81 | 26.12 | 3.95 | .58 | ***”

May combine two claims.

The final main sample consisted of 773 participants (368 women and 405 men), with a mean age of 57.59 years (SD = 12.49).

“Subsequently, the final sample consisted of 773 participants (368 women and 405 men), with a mean age of 57.59 years (SD = 12.49).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A cognitive debriefing with seven university students was conducted to assess item clarity.

“Subsequently, a cognitive debriefing was conducted with seven university students to assess item clarity.”

May combine two claims.

The results provide robust evidence of the psychometric soundness of the revised 23-item Japanese version (PPDTS-J23) with a three-factor structure, measurement invariance across demographic groups, high internal consistency, acceptable test-retest reliability, and both convergent and discriminant validity.

“The results provide robust evidence of the psychometric soundness of the revised 23-item Japanese version (PPDTS-J23) with a three-factor structure, measurement invariance across demographic groups, high internal consistency, acceptable testretest reliability, and both convergent and discriminant validity.”

May combine two claims.

The three-factor structure observed in this study mirrors both the Turkish version and the earlier two-factor model.

“Thus, the three-factor structure observed in this study mirrors both the Turkish version and the earlier two-factor model [10], which distinguished between 'Knowledge and Management of the Threat Situation' and 'Anticipation, Awareness and Self-Management.'”

• cites [23] 23. Türkdoğan Görgün, C., Koçak Şen, İ. &amp; McLennan, J. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the psychological preparedness for disaster threat scale. Advance online publication. Nat. Hazards (Dordr) , 1-16 (2023). sourceNot checked yet

  Checked before — its earlier verdict is held back until a new check runs.

• cites [10] 10. McLennan, J., Marques, M. D. &amp; Every, D. Conceptualising and measuring psychological preparedness for disaster: the Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale. Nat. Hazards 101 , 297-307 (2020). sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

Even when the shared variance with problem-focused coping is statistically controlled, the PPDTS-J23 and its subscales maintain meaningful relationships with key indicators of disaster preparedness, indicating that their utility extends beyond an overlap with general problem-focused coping tendencies.

“These findings suggest that even when the shared variance with problem-focused coping is statistically controlled, the PPDTS-J23 and its subscales maintain meaningful relationships with key indicators of disaster preparedness, indicating that their utility in these associations extends beyond an overlap with general problem-focused coping tendencies.”

May combine two claims.

The PPDTS-J23 structure partially aligns with the four-factor model of the original PPDTS-26, which also included the factor anticipatory coping with emotional response.

“This structure partially aligns with the four-factor model of the original PPDTS-26 [22], which also included the factor anticipatory coping with emotional response.”

• cites [22] 22. Zulch, H. Psychological preparedness for natural hazards-improving disaster preparedness policy and practice. Contributing paper to the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR 2019). United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), (2019). https://www.undrr.org/quick/11766.Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Eighteen participants whose response times differed more than 2 standard deviations below the mean were considered careless and excluded.

“Response times were log-transformed, and participants whose response times differed more than 2 standard deviations below the mean were considered careless and excluded ( n = 18).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The Japanese version of the PPDTS was developed based on the translation guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Task Force.

“The Japanese version of the PPDTS was developed based on the translation guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research Task Force [26].”

• cites [26] 26. Wild, D. et al. Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value Health 8 , 94-104 (2005). sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

The core constructs of psychological preparedness-knowledge, emotional regulation, and social response-are generally stable across contexts, but the manifestation and distinctiveness of anticipatory coping may be dependent on cultures and hazards.

“Taken together, these findings suggest that while the core constructs of psychological preparedness-knowledge, emotional regulation, and social response-are generally stable across contexts, the manifestation and distinctiveness of anticipatory coping may be dependent on cultures and hazards.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The original 18-item PPDTS proposed a two-factor model: knowledge and management of the external situational environment, and anticipation, awareness, and management of one's psychological response.

“The original 18-item version proposed a two-factor model: (1) knowledge and management of the external situational environment and (2) anticipation, awareness, and management of one's psychological response [21].”

• cites [21] 21. Zulch, H. R., Morrissey, S. A., Reser, J. P . &amp; Creed, P . Psychological preparedness for natural disasters in Proceedings of the first international conference on urban sustainability and resilience (UCL, 2012), 5-6 November 2012.Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The PPDTS-26 has a four-factor structure including knowledge and management of the external situational environment, management of one's psychological response, management of one's social environment, and anticipatory coping with emotional response.

“This was later expanded to a 26-item version (PPDTS-26) by Zulch [22], with a four-factor structure that included, in addition to the above two factors, (3) management of one's social environment and (4) anticipatory coping with emotional response.”

• cites [22] 22. Zulch, H. Psychological preparedness for natural hazards-improving disaster preparedness policy and practice. Contributing paper to the Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR 2019). United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR), (2019). https://www.undrr.org/quick/11766.Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

A total of 209 participants who failed the attention check item were excluded.

“A total of 209 participants who failed to respond correctly to this attention check item were excluded.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.

The final test-retest sample included 195 participants after excluding five who failed the attention check.

“The same DQS item was used, leading to the exclusion of five participants. The final test-retest sample included 195 participants (97 women, 98 men; mean age = 57.53 years, SD = 11.31).”

May combine two claims.

The PPDTS-J23 demonstrated sufficient validity and reliability.

“The PPDTS-J23 demonstrated sufficient validity and reliability.”

May combine two claims.

A back-translation was performed and the original author confirmed the conceptual equivalence of the back-translated version.

“A back-translation was performed by a professional translator, and the original author confirmed the conceptual equivalence of the back-translated version.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The PPDTS assesses individuals' self-reported psychological readiness for disasters.

“The PPDTS assesses individuals' self-reported psychological readiness for disasters [10].”

• cites [10] 10. McLennan, J., Marques, M. D. &amp; Every, D. Conceptualising and measuring psychological preparedness for disaster: the Psychological Preparedness for Disaster Threat Scale. Nat. Hazards 101 , 297-307 (2020). sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

May combine two claims.

The PPDTS-J23 is not merely redundant with problem-focused coping but also offers distinct value in assessing psychological readiness for disasters.

“Therefore, the PPDTS-J23 is not merely redundant with this general coping style but also offers distinct value in assessing psychological readiness for disasters.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

As the scale was developed for hydro-meteorological hazards, its applicability to other disaster types needs to be examined.

“Second, as the scale was developed for hydro-meteorological hazards, its applicability to other disaster types (e.g., earthquakes, pandemics) needs to be examined.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

The lack of a statistically significant association between assessed past hydro-meteorological disaster experiences and current PPDTS-J23 scores may be understood within Japan's unique context.

“This outcome, while differing from some initial hypotheses, may be understood within Japan's unique context.”

May combine two claims.

The PPDTS-J23 is a valid and reliable measure of psychological preparedness for disaster threats in the Japanese context.

“The PPDTS-J23 is a valid and reliable measure of psychological preparedness for disaster threats in the Japanese context.”

May combine two claims.

Given Japan's frequent exposure to hydro-meteorological events, pervasive public access to disaster-related information and a strong societal emphasis on preparedness likely foster a generally high baseline of disaster awareness and engagement in preparatory activities across the population.

“Given Japan's frequent exposure to hydro-meteorological events like typhoons and heavy rainfall, there is pervasive public access to disaster-related information and a strong societal emphasis on preparedness, likely fostering a generally high baseline of disaster awareness and engagement in preparatory activities across the population.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In contrast to existing Japanese tools that primarily emphasize behavioral and material readiness, the PPDTS-J23 offers a more nuanced evaluation of psychological preparedness, incorporating emotional and interpersonal regulation.

“In contrast to existing Japanese tools that primarily emphasize behavioral and material readiness, the PPDTS-J23 offers a more nuanced evaluation of psychological preparedness, incorporating emotional and interpersonal regulation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The present findings contribute to ongoing efforts to establish culturally and contextually grounded tools for assessing psychological preparedness.

“The present findings contribute to ongoing efforts to establish culturally and contextually grounded tools for assessing psychological preparedness.”