Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella among humans in Ghana
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Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a public health problem worldwide and particularly in Africa with high disease burden. This study characterized Salmonella isolates from humans in Ghana to determine serovar distribution, phage types, and antimicrobial resistance. Further, the clonal relatedness among isolates was determined. One hundred and thirty-seven Salmonella isolates (111 clinical and 26 public toilet) were characterized using standard serotyping, phage typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. The molecular epidemiology of common serovars ( Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis) was established by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Twenty-two serovars were identified with S . Enteritidis, S . Typhimurium, and Salmonella Derby as the most dominant. One hundred and twelve isolates showed resistance to more than one antimicrobial. Fifty-eight ( n = 58/112; 54.5%) strains were multi-resistant with low resistance to cephalosporins ceftazidime (8.0%), cefotaxime (4.5%), and cefoxitin (2.7%) with synergy to clavulanic acid indicating possible ESBLs. Isolates showed high resistance to trimethoprim (66.1%), tetracycline (61.6%), ampicillin (57.1%), sulfamethoxazole (46.4%), chloramphenicol (33.9%), and ciprofloxacin (25.0%). The most common resistance pattern of multi-resistant serovars was to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphonamide, and trimethoprim. S . Enteritidis (18/43) strains reacted with typing phages but did not conform to any phage type with PT14B and PT4 as predominant definitive phage types. Six S . Typhimurium strains reacted but did not conform to any recognized phage type while seven were non-typable. The predominant definitive phage types were DT1 and DT22. PFGE patterns of human S . Enteritidis were closely related to patterns of poultry isolates obtained in a previous study in Ghana. Cephalosporin resistance is uncommon among Salmonella from humans in Ghana. Poultry may be an important source of human salmonellosis. There is an urgent need for the implementation of routine surveillance of antimicrobial use and bacterial resistance among humans in Ghana.
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In human studies, two reported MDR in Salmonella spp. at a prevalence of 41.5% and 99.6%.
“Two others reported MDR in Salmonella spp. at a prevalence of 41.5% and 99.6% [39,62].”
From A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in Ghana from a One Health Perspective (2024) · cites this paper as [62]
The Results (Antimicrobial susceptibility; page not available) report multidrug resistance among Salmonella strains from humans in Ghana, but the reported prevalence is 42.3% (58/137), not 41.5%. The paper also does not report 99.6%; the citing sentence has a second citation, which is not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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- Authors
- Andoh, L. A., Ahmed, S., Olsen, J. E., Obiri-Danso, K., Newman, M. J., Opintan, J. A., Barco, L., & Dalsgaard, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Ghana (GH)
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Dalsgaard, Anders
- Venue
- Tropical Medicine and Health
- Published
- 2017-02-10
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-3
- ISSN
- 1348-8945 (ISSN-L)
- 1349-4147
- PMC
- PMC5301370
- OpenAlex
- W2587283231
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 6.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Tropical Medicine and Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- University of Ghana
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Keywords
- non-typhoidal Salmonella, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, serovar distribution, phage typing, antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, clonal relatedness, molecular epidemiology, poultry as reservoir, human salmonellosis, Ghana
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