Patient-reported experiences and outcomes of virtual care during COVID-19: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: The onset of COVID-19 has caused an international upheaval of traditional in-person approaches to care delivery. Rapid system-level transitions to virtual care provision restrict the ability of healthcare professionals to evaluate care quality from the patient's perspective. This poses challenges to ensuring that patient-centered care is upheld within virtual environments. To address this, the study’s objective was to review how virtual care has impacted patient experiences and outcomes during COVID-19, through the use of patient-reported experience and outcome measures (PREMs and PROMs), respectively. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines to evaluate patient responsiveness to virtual care during COVID-19. Using an exhaustive search strategy, relevant peer-reviewed articles published between January 2020 and 2022 were pulled from MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, and PsychInfo databases. Study quality was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A patient partner was consulted throughout the study to provide feedback and co-conduct the review. Results: After removing duplicates, 6048 articles underwent title and abstract review, from which 644 studies were included in the full-text review stage. Following this, 102 articles were included in the study. Studies were published in 20 different countries, were predominantly cross-sectional, and reported on the delivery of virtual care in specialized adult outpatient settings. This review identified 29 validated PREMs and 43 PROMs. Several advantages to virtual care were identified, with patients citing greater convenience, (such as saving travel time and cost, less waiting experienced to see care providers) and increased protection from viral spread. Some studies also reported challenges patients and caregivers faced with virtual care, including feeling rushed during the virtual care appointment, lack of physical contact or examination presenting barriers, difficulty with communicating symptoms, and technology issues. Conclusion: This review provides supportive evidence of virtual care experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic from patient and caregiver perspectives. This research provides a comprehensive overview of what patient-reported measures can be used to record virtual care quality amid and following the pandemic. Further research into healthcare professionals’ perspectives would offer a supportive lens toward a strong person-centered healthcare system.
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Promoting value-based payment models can incentivize providers to deliver high-quality, cost-effective care, prioritizing patients with multiple chronic conditions.
“promoting value-based payment models can incentivize providers to deliver high-quality, cost-effective care, prioritizing patients with multiple chronic conditions.35,36”
From Program cost and return on investment analysis of remote patient monitoring for hypertension management in the cardiology department of a large healthcare system (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
The Introduction (page unavailable) says patient-reported measures can inform decisions for value-based healthcare, but does not discuss payment models. The Discussion (page unavailable) addresses virtual-care quality, not provider incentives, cost-effectiveness, or prioritization of patients with multiple chronic conditions. Searches for payment incentives and those patient groups found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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“Adult clients and parents/caregivers were also concerned with clinicians possibly missing certain subtle behaviors not apparent on screen [47].”
Corona, L. L., Stainbrook, J. A., Simcoe, K., Wagner, L., Fowler, B., Weitlauf, A. S., Juárez, A. O. R., & Warren, Z. E. (2021) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-021-09387-w · Cited by 37 · cited 1× · see citing works
“From the pediatric studies in this review, patient caregivers discussed the convenience and cost-benefits of virtual care [18, 50, 107].”
BackgroundLloyd, H. M., Wheat, H. C., Horrell, J., Sugavanam, T., Fosh, B., Valderas, J. M., & Close, J. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7789 · Cited by 36 · cited 1× · see citing works
“As virtual care represents a burgeoning approach to care provision, utilizing these measures (PROMs/ PREMs) can be crucial to ensuring that the services provided are grounded in patient-centeredness [129].”
MethodNascimento, B. R., Brant, L. C. C., Castro, A., Froes, L. E. V., Ribeiro, A. L. P., Cruz, L. V., Araújo, C. B. M., de Souza, C. F., Froes, E. T., & Souza, S. D. (2020) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x20969529 · Cited by 36 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Eleven studies evaluated the impact of virtual care delivery on healthcare use [105, 108, 110–118].”
BackgroundRemote patient triage: Shifting toward safer telehealth practice
Kobeissi, M. M., & Ruppert, S. D. (2021) · Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1097/jxx.0000000000000655 · Cited by 36 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other researchers have proposed this, promoting the benefits of triaging for better allocation of resources, assessment of disease acuity, and accommodation to various social factors [127, 128].”
BackgroundPiro, A., Magnocavallo, M., Rocca, D. G. D., Neccia, M., Manzi, G., Mariani, M. V., Straito, M., Bernardini, A., Severino, P., Iannucci, G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology · doi:10.1111/jce.14755 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Wyler, H., Liebrenz, M., Ajdacic‐Gross, V., Seifritz, E., Young, S., Burger, P. H. M., & Buadze, A. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03236-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Utilization of telemedicine in rhinologic practice during COVID-19 pandemic
Alshareef, M. A., Alsaleh, S. A., Albaharna, H. A., Alghulikah, A., Aloulah, M., Alroqi, A. S., Alromaih, S., Alanazy, F., & Al-Dousary, S. (2021) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.102929 · Cited by 32 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[27, 28, 35, 51], and not experiencing wait time delays in seeing their healthcare providers (n = 8, 17”
BackgroundRemote assessment in adults with Autism or ADHD: A service user satisfaction survey
Adamou, M., Jones, S. L., Fullen, T., Galab, N., Abbott, K., & Yasmeen, S. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249237 · Cited by 31 · cited 2× · see citing works
“(e.g. minimizing barriers such as transportation, traffic, cost of gas and parking, and associated anxiety) [20–23, 26, 28–33, 35, 37–39, 43–55], access to care (n = 9, 19”
BackgroundQuinn, L. M., Olajide, O., Green, M., Sayed, H. A., & Ansar, H. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/25549 · Cited by 31 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…(2% of PREMs articles) [26, 38, 48], lack of physical contact with the healthcare provider for physical examinations (15% of PREMs articles) [21, 23, 26, 35, 58, 87, 88], technical challenges (2% of PREMs articles) [26, 29, 35, 37, 43, 48, 56, 77], a preference for in-person care delivery…”
BackgroundInfluentialPareyson, D., Pantaleoni, C., Eleopra, R., Filippis, G. D., Moroni, I., Freri, E., Zibordi, F., Bulgheroni, S., Pagliano, E., Sarti, D., et al. (2021) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-021-05252-9 · Cited by 31 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…physical examinations (15% of PREMs articles) [21, 23, 26, 35, 58, 87, 88], technical challenges (2% of PREMs articles) [26, 29, 35, 37, 43, 48, 56, 77], a preference for in-person care delivery (8.5% of PREMs articles) (e.g. due to the lack of personal connection with healthcare provider online)…”
BackgroundInfluentialAnufriyeva, V., Pavlova, M., Степурко, Т., & Groot, W. N. J. (2020) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzaa152 · Cited by 30 · cited 1× · see citing works
“These terms, while seemingly similar, do have distinct qualities with “satisfaction” associated with greater subjectivity and potentially reflecting patient expectations more so than “experience” which describes objective aspects of patient care [130, 131].”
BackgroundAssenza, C., Catania, H., Antenore, C., Gobbetti, T., Gentili, P., Paolucci, S., & Morelli, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.617276 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Watson, L. C., Qi, S., Delure, A., Link, C., Photitai, É., Chmielewski, L., Hildebrand, A., Ruether, D., & Rawson, K. (2021) · JCO Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/op.21.00144 · Cited by 30 · cited 4× · see citing works
“…challenges patients and caregivers faced with virtual care, such as feeling rushed during the virtual appointment (2% of PREMs articles) [26, 38, 48], lack of physical contact with the healthcare provider for physical examinations (15% of PREMs articles) [21, 23, 26, 35, 58, 87, 88],…”
BackgroundInfluentialAlsobayel, H., Alodaibi, F., Albarrati, A., Alsalamah, N. M., Alhawas, F., & Alhowimel, A. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19010072 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Evaluation of pediatric rheumatology telehealth satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic
Waqar, L. N., Chuo, J., Weiss, P. F., Gmuca, S., LaNoue, M. D., & Burnham, J. M. (2021) · Pediatric Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s12969-021-00649-4 · Cited by 30 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…a d u l t p a t i e n t [ 19 , 24 , 33 , 35 , 73 ] a d u l t o r p e d i a t r i c p a t i e n t [ 52 , 58 ] a d u l t p a t i e n t o r p r o x y [ 39 ] p e d i a t r i c p a t i e n t o r p r o x y [ 25 ] W h e n e x p e r i e n t i a l d o m a i n s a r e a ss e ss e d i n d i v i d u a ll y ,…”
BackgroundSabbagh, R. S., Shah, N. S., Jenkins, S. H., Macdonald, J., Foote, A. M., Matar, R. N., Steffensmeier, A., & Grawe, B. M. (2021) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x21990997 · Cited by 29 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, some studies also reported no significant differences in PROMs scores before and after virtual care or between different treatment groups (in-person care vs virtual care) [90, 91, 96, 102–108].”
BackgroundParkinson, A., Drew, J., Dykgraaf, S. H., Fanning, V., Chisholm, K., Elisha, M., Lueck, C. J., Phillips, C. B., & Desborough, J. (2021) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13284 · Cited by 28 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…[26, 38, 48], lack of physical contact with the healthcare provider for physical examinations (15% of PREMs articles) [21, 23, 26, 35, 58, 87, 88], technical challenges (2% of PREMs articles) [26, 29, 35, 37, 43, 48, 56, 77], a preference for in-person care delivery (8.5% of PREMs articles)…”
BackgroundInfluentialTelehealth and Telecare: A Real-Life Integrated Experience in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Bernocchi, P., Bonometti, F., Serlini, M., Assoni, G., Zanardini, M., Pasotti, E., Guerrini, S., & Scalvini, S. (2021) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2021.0181 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Reforma, L. G., Duffy, C. R., Collier, A.-R. Y., Wylie, B. J., Shainker, S. A., Golen, T. H., Herlihy, M., Lydeard, A., & Zera, C. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100180 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Transition to virtual clinic: Experience in a multidisciplinary clinic for Down syndrome
Santoro, S. L., Donelan, K., Haugen, K. L., Oreskovic, N. M., Torres, A., & Skotko, B. G. (2021) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31876 · Cited by 26 · cited 3× · see citing works
“[22, 28, 46, 50, 54].”
BackgroundDratch, L., Paul, R. A., Baldwin, A., Brzozowski, M., Gonzalez‐Alegre, P., Tropea, T. F., Raper, A. C., & Bardakjian, T. (2021) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1002/jgc4.1470 · Cited by 26 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…- t i o n q u a l i t y ) , ( i v ) r e l i a b i l i t y , a n d ( v ) s a t i s f a c t i o n P r o x y [ 45 , 74 ] a d u l t p a t i e n t [ 19 , 24 , 33 , 35 , 73 ] a d u l t o r p e d i a t r i c p a t i e n t [ 52 , 58 ] a d u l t p a t i e n t o r p r o x y [ 39 ] p e d i a t r i c p a t i…”
Horgan, T. J., Alsabbagh, A. Y., McGoldrick, D. M., Bhatia, S. K., & Messahel, A. (2020) · British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.099 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Galaviz, K. I., Shah, N. S., Gutierrez, M., Collins, L. F., Lahiri, C. D., Moran, C. A., Szabo, B., Sumitani, J., Rhodes, J., Marconi, V. C., et al. (2021) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.2021.0109 · Cited by 25 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…n t e r f a c e a n d i n t e r a c - t i o n q u a l i t y ) , ( i v ) r e l i a b i l i t y , a n d ( v ) s a t i s f a c t i o n P r o x y [ 45 , 74 ] a d u l t p a t i e n t [ 19 , 24 , 33 , 35 , 73 ] a d u l t o r p e d i a t r i c p a t i e n t [ 52 , 58 ] a d u l t p a t i e n t o r p r o x…”
A new interventional home care model for COVID management: Virtual Covid IP
Kesavadev, J., Basanth, A., Krishnan, G., Vitale, R. J., Parameswaran, H., Shijin, S., Sreelakshmi, R., Raj, S., Ashik, A., Shankar, A., et al. (2021) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102228 · Cited by 24 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Kesavadev et al. [111] reported successful prevention of hospitalization for nearly all patients in a virtual in-patient program.”
BackgroundPatient experience of virtual consultations in Oral Medicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Murthy, V., Herbert, C., Bains, D., Escudier, M., Carey, B., & Ormond, M. (2021) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.14006 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Telehealth—Improving access for rural, regional and remote communities
O’Kane, G. (2020) · Australian Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/ajr.12663 · Cited by 23 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Other literature supports these findings, explaining the potential of virtual care to alleviate barriers to care in rural and geographically isolated communities [122, 123].”
Resultvan Agteren, J. E., Ali, K., Fassnacht, D. B., Iasiello, M. P., Furber, G., Howard, A., Woodyatt, L., Musker, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/28044 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Validation of a patient satisfaction survey of the Teleneurology program in Chile
Constanzo, F., Aracena-Sherck, P., Hidalgo-Ortiz, J. P., Muñoz, M., Vergara, G., & Alvarado, C. (2019) · BMC Research Notes · doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4358-1 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Efthymiadis, A., Hart, E. J., Guy, A. M., Harry, R., Mahesan, T., Chedid, W. A., Uribe‐Lewis, S., & Perry, M. J. A. (2020) · Future Healthcare Journal · doi:10.7861/fhj.2020-0076 · Cited by 20 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[22, 28, 46, 50, 54].”
Facilitators and challenges in the adoption of a virtual nurse visit in the home health setting
Birkhoff, S. D., Nair, J. M., Bald, K., Frankum, T., Sanchez, S. R., & Salvatore, A. L. (2021) · Home Health Care Services Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01621424.2021.1906374 · Cited by 20 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[27, 28, 35, 51], and not experiencing wait time delays in seeing their healthcare providers (n = 8, 17”
BackgroundTurning a New Chapter in Neurosurgery Outpatient Services
Raheja, A., Manjunath, N., Garg, K., Tandon, V., Gupta, V. V., Mishra, S., Ather, S., Suri, A., Chandra, P., Singh, M., et al. (2021) · Neurology India · doi:10.4103/0028-3886.314523 · Cited by 20 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…healthcare provider for physical examinations (15% of PREMs articles) [21, 23, 26, 35, 58, 87, 88], technical challenges (2% of PREMs articles) [26, 29, 35, 37, 43, 48, 56, 77], a preference for in-person care delivery (8.5% of PREMs articles) (e.g. due to the lack of personal connection with…”
BackgroundInfluentialLotan, M., Downs, J. A., & Elefant, C. (2021) · Developmental Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.1080/17518423.2021.1914762 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Schumm, M. A., Pyo, H. Q., Ohev-Shalom, R., Tseng, C., Livhits, M. J., Zanocco, K. A., Hiyama, D. T., & Yeh, M. W. (2020) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.019 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Zimmerman, M., Ward, M., D’Avanzato, C., & Tirpak, J. W. (2021) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi_2021_35_539 · Cited by 18 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Some studies found that patients had improvements in quality of life and reduction in symptoms [91–98], such as improvements in mental health and wellbeing [63, 92, 96, 99–101].”
BackgroundChristiansen, M. G., Pappot, H., Pedersen, C., Jarden, M., Mirza, M. R., & Piil, K. (2021) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-021-06651-6 · Cited by 17 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…for physical examinations (15% of PREMs articles) [21, 23, 26, 35, 58, 87, 88], technical challenges (2% of PREMs articles) [26, 29, 35, 37, 43, 48, 56, 77], a preference for in-person care delivery (8.5% of PREMs articles) (e.g. due to the lack of personal connection with healthcare provider…”
BackgroundInfluentialPatient satisfaction scores with telemedicine in the neurosurgical population
Porche, K. M., Vaziri, S., Mehkri, Y., Christie, C., Laurent, D., Wang, Y., & Rahman, M. (2021) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106605 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Outcomes of a telemedicine bowel management program during COVID-19
Knaus, M. E., Ahmad, H., Metzger, G. A., Beyene, T. J., Thomas, J. L., Weaver, L. J., Gasior, A. C., Wood, R. J., & Halaweish, I. F. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2021.09.012 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ophthalmic Virtual Visit Utilization and Patient Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Chen, D. A., Tran, A. Q., Dinkin, M., & Lelli, G. J. (2021) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2021.0392 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Validation of the generic medical interview satisfaction scale: the G-MISS questionnaire
For the G-MISS Study Investigators, Maurice-Szamburski, A., Michel, P., Loundou, A., & Auquier, P. (2017) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-017-0608-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
McLachlan, A., Aldridge, C., Morgan, M., Lund, M., Gabriel, R. S., & Malez, V. (2025) · PubMed · doi:10.60967/healthnz.29710448 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Al-Sharif, G. A., Almulla, A., Almerashi, E., Alqutami, R., Almoosa, M., Hegazi, M. Z., Otaki, F., & Ho, S. B. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.730647 · Cited by 14 · cited 3× · see citing works
“…articles) [26, 38, 48], lack of physical contact with the healthcare provider for physical examinations (15% of PREMs articles) [21, 23, 26, 35, 58, 87, 88], technical challenges (2% of PREMs articles) [26, 29, 35, 37, 43, 48, 56, 77], a preference for in-person care delivery (8.5% of PREMs…”
BackgroundInfluentialSharma, A., Winkelman, R., Schlenk, R. P., Rasmussen, P. A., Angelov, L., & Benzil, D. L. (2021) · World Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.145 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Rezich, B., Malone, J. A., Reiser, G., Zimmerman, H. H., Blase, T. L., & Fishler, K. P. (2021) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1002/jgc4.1507 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Massaroni, V., Donne, V. D., Ciccarelli, N., Ciccullo, A., Borghetti, A., Domenico, F., Visconti, E., Tamburrini, E., & Giambenedetto, S. D. (2021) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104616 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Patient Perceptions of Telehealth Orthopedic Services in the Era of COVID-19 and Beyond
Ruelos, V. C. B., Puzzitiello, R. N., Menendez, M. E., Moverman, M. A., Pagani, N. R., Rogerson, A. L., Ryan, S. P., & Salzler, M. J. (2021) · Orthopedics · doi:10.3928/01477447-20210817-07 · Cited by 13 · cited 3× · see citing works
“(e.g. minimizing barriers such as transportation, traffic, cost of gas and parking, and associated anxiety) [20–23, 26, 28–33, 35, 37–39, 43–55], access to care (n = 9, 19”
BackgroundInfluentialBrown‐Johnson, C. G., Spargo, T., Kling, S. M. R., Saliba‐Gustafsson, E. A., Lessios, A. S., Garvert, D. W., Vilendrer, S. M., Winget, M., Asch, S. M., Maggio, P. M., et al. (2021) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2021.03.029 · Cited by 12 · cited 4× · see citing works
“(e.g. minimizing barriers such as transportation, traffic, cost of gas and parking, and associated anxiety) [20–23, 26, 28–33, 35, 37–39, 43–55], access to care (n = 9, 19”
BackgroundInfluentialMeno, M., Abe, J., Fukui, J. A., Braun‐Inglis, C., Pagano, I., & Acoba, J. D. (2021) · Future Oncology · doi:10.2217/fon-2021-0136 · Cited by 12 · cited 2× · see citing works
“[22, 28, 46, 50, 54].”
BackgroundInfluentialWright, E., Shaltout, O., Zokvic, M. A., & Shirreff, L. (2021) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001906 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Patient satisfaction with telehealth in neurosurgery outpatient clinic during COVID-19 pandemic
Richards, A. E., Curley, K. L., Christel, L. M., Zhang, N., Kouloumberis, P., Kalani, M. A., Lyons, M., & Neal, M. T. (2020) · Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.inat.2020.101017 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Telemedicine as a component of forward triage in a pandemic
Gupta, V. S., Popp, E. C., Garcia, E. I., Qashqai, S., Ankrom, C. M., Wu, T., & Harting, M. T. (2021) · Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.hjdsi.2021.100567 · Cited by 11 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…for physical examinations (15% of PREMs articles) [21, 23, 26, 35, 58, 87, 88], technical challenges (2% of PREMs articles) [26, 29, 35, 37, 43, 48, 56, 77], a preference for in-person care delivery (8.5% of PREMs articles) (e.g. due to the lack of personal connection with healthcare provider…”
BackgroundInfluentialGanderton, C. L., Tirosh, O., Munro, D., Meyer, D., Lenssen, R., Balster, S. M., Watson, L., & Warby, S. A. (2021) · Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jse.2021.10.033 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Joshi, C., Jacobson, M. P., Silveira, L. J., Shea, S., Yang, M. L., & Eschbach, K. L. (2021) · Pediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2021.06.005 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Paskudzka, D., Kołodzińska, A., Cacko, A., Stolarz, P., Łyżwiński, Ł., Opolski, G., & Grabowski, M. (2020) · Kardiologia Polska · doi:10.33963/kp.15392 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Juarez-Reyes, M., Mui, H. Z., Kling, S. M. R., & Brown‐Johnson, C. G. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/2040622321990269 · Cited by 9 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Juarez-Reyes et al.[59] found patient participants expressed gratitude for continued mental health support, and being able to still be a part of virtual group sessions.”
BackgroundPuwanant, S., Sinphurmsukskul, S., Krailak, L. K., Nakaviroj, P., Boonbumrong, N., Siwamogsatham, S., Chettakulanurak, K., Ariyachaipanich, A., & Boonyaratavej, S. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249043 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bartoletta, J. J., Hinchcliff, K. M., & Rhee, P. C. (2021) · Hand · doi:10.1177/15589447211044786 · Cited by 8 · cited 1× · see citing works
“[17, [17, 20–24, 30–43], the convenience of virtual care and saving time (n = 24, 51”
Telehealth for outpatient spine consultation: What do the patients think?
Craig, M., Chopra, A., Lasry, O. J., Dea, N., Charest-Morin, R., Street, J., Paquette, S. J., Dvorak, M. F., Kwon, B., Fisher, C. G., et al. (2021) · Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.inat.2021.101462 · Cited by 8 · cited 2× · see citing works
“However, some studies also reported no significant differences in PROMs scores before and after virtual care or between different treatment groups (in-person care vs virtual care) [90, 91, 96, 102–108].”
BackgroundInfluentialFinn, M. T. M., Brown, H. R., Friedman, E. R., Kelly, A. G., & Hansen, K. A. (2021) · Global Advances in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1177/2164956121997361 · Cited by 7 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…l i t y ) , ( i v ) r e l i a b i l i t y , a n d ( v ) s a t i s f a c t i o n P r o x y [ 45 , 74 ] a d u l t p a t i e n t [ 19 , 24 , 33 , 35 , 73 ] a d u l t o r p e d i a t r i c p a t i e n t [ 52 , 58 ] a d u l t p a t i e n t o r p r o x y [ 39 ] p e d i a t r i c p a t i e n t o r p r o…”
Swift, J., Harris, Z., Woodward, A., O’Kelly, N., Barker, C., & Ghosh, S. (2021) · British Journal of Healthcare Management · doi:10.12968/bjhc.2021.0073 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sarre, G., Hyer, S. L., Chauhan‐Whittingham, P., & Johnson, A. (2021) · Practical Diabetes · doi:10.1002/pdi.2367 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Examining patient and visit characteristics associated with the cancer patient experience.
Bridge, E., Singh, S., Murdoch, A., Mozuraitis, M., Nicholls, B., & Moody, L. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.204 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kemp, K., Fairie, P., Steele, B. J., & Santana, M. (2022) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/23743735221077518 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationThesenvitz, J., Corley, S. M., Solberg, L., & Carvalho, C. (2021) · Healthcare Management Forum · doi:10.1177/08404704211041969 · Cited by 4 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In the study by Thesenvitz et al.[105], patients reported less use of services such as Alberta’s Health Link advice line, emergency department visits, and visits with family physicians.”
BackgroundWee, D., Li, X., Suchman, K. I., & Trindade, A. J. (2021) · Techniques and Innovations in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.tige.2021.03.003 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Daswani, K. (2021) · Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal · doi:10.37506/ijpot.v15i1.13345 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Hamiduzzaman, M., Gaffney, H. J., Jindal, S., Patra, M., Gudur, R. R., Pit, S., & Rahman, M. A. (2024) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/07334648241296791 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“While available international evidence presents a mixed outcome, many studies reported that VHC for chronic diseases can be as effective as, if not more effective than, traditional face-to-face care provided in a healthcare setting (Bajgain et al., 2023; Ferry et al., 2021).”
Rabbani, M. G., Alam, A. N. M. S., & Prybutok, V. R. (2025) · Systems · doi:10.3390/systems13100843 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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“Bajgain et al [10] reported in a systematic review of 102 studies from 20 countries that measures of patient experience showed greater convenience as a strongly positive factor, although communication was often perceived as more rushed or uncertain.”
Mikhael, J. R., Darlington, D., Howell, B., Hydren, J. R., Hernandez, T., Werner, S., Iraca, T., Arnett, M., Gonzalez, V., Peschin, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2024.2438561 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Patients also cite greater convenience (i.e. saving travel time and cost) and increase protection from virtl spread from avoiding in-person visits 38 .”
Haddad, A. J., & Bhat, C. R. (2024) · Transportation Research Part A Policy and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.tra.2024.104351 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Many systematic reviews have emerged regarding telemedicine service satisfaction, and the motivations and deterrents associated with telemedicine adoption; see, for example, Pogorzelska and Chlabicz (2022), Bajgain et al. (2023), and Rowe Ferrara and Chapman (2024).”
Unni, E., Schougaard, L. M. V., Aiyegbusi, O. L., Mate, K., Austin, E. J., Greffin, K., Roberts, N. A., Grove, B. E., & Muehlan, H. (2025) · Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s41687-025-00872-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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“This understanding helps identify barriers to usage, such as technological difficulties or privacy concerns, and informs strategies to enhance patient engagement and satisfaction [4,5].”
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“The introduction of CVW models for monitoring patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic may have transformed patients’ experiences of care, making the measurement of patient experience increasingly vital for building a strong, person-centered health care system [27].”
Methods of Engaging Interest‐Holders in Healthcare Evidence Syntheses: A Scoping Review
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Supporting the Surgeon Workforce and Surgery Education to Address the Widening Gap of Unmet Need
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Evaluating the Baby Steps Model: Reflection on Practice Implications
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“35,36 Future health insurance policies should also revisit the restrictions that limit the RPM program to one provider per patient within a 30-day period, especially when multiple devices (e.g., BP and glucose monitors) are being used.”
The Implications of Telemedicine in Pediatric Health: Integration of Technology into Medicine
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“…any potential differences; this is a particularly important limitation as it is known that marginalized populations have even greater potential for lack of alignment in their patient-reported experiences and clinically reported experiences and are disproportionately impacted by COVID [92–94].”
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“Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of virtual clinics has grown [10], and implementations have been realized globally with a range of different applications.”
- Authors
- Bajgain, B., Rabi, S., Ahmed, S., Kiryanova, V., Fairie, P., & Santana, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Alberta SPOR SUPPORT Unit (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Ahmed, Sadia
- Venue
- Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes
- Published
- 2023-12-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 126-126
- ISSN
- 2509-8020 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10692047
- OpenAlex
- W4389223430
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 125
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 7
- FWCI
- 1.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Libraries and Cultural Resources (University of Calgary) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- AbSPORU Patient Engagement Team
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient Satisfaction in Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Research and COVID-19
- Keywords
- virtual care, telemedicine, COVID-19 pandemic, patient-reported experience measures, patient-reported outcome measures, patient experience, patient-centered care, caregiver experiences, technology barriers, quality of care
- MeSH terms
- Patient Reported Outcome Measures, COVID-19, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Health Personnel, Humans, Pandemics
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