Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions
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On a shelf in the sunny, open-plan office of Cochrane Australia in Melbourne, there's a large, white ring-binder that, it's fair to say, hasn't been opened in a
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This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA reporting guideline and the Cochrane Handbook methodological framework.
“This meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline and the methodological framework outlined in the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis [16,17,20].”
From Individual-Focused Interventions for Physician Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of Mindfulness, Coaching, and Peer Support (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
Two independent reviewers assessed the individual quality of the final selected studies using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool.
“Two independent reviewers assessed the individual quality of the final selected studies using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool [40], with any discrepancies being resolved by consensus.”
From Assessing the Effectiveness of Digital Health Behavior Strategies on Type 2 Diabetes Management: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
The risk of bias among all studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of bias tool.
“The risk of bias among all studies was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of bias tool described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Intervention [25].”
The study was conducted by the guidance of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions and reported according to the PRISMA checklist.
“The study was conducted by the guidance of the Cochran Handbook for Systematic Review of Interventions [28], and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis checking list (Supplementary Table 1) [29].”
Individual programs can improve coping and reduce emotional exhaustion, generally with modest effects.
“Individual programs (for example, mindfulness, coaching, and peer support) can improve coping and reduce emotional exhaustion, generally with modest effects”
From Individual-Focused Interventions for Physician Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of Mindfulness, Coaching, and Peer Support (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
The Abstract (page not provided) describes methodological guidance for systematic reviews, not findings about individual programs. Searches for mindfulness, coaching, peer support, coping, emotional exhaustion, and modest effects found no passage addressing the claimed outcomes. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
System changes target structural drivers of burnout.
“system changes (for example, workload redesign, schedule flexibility, and supportive leadership) target structural drivers [16,17,18]”
From Individual-Focused Interventions for Physician Burnout: A Meta-Analysis of Mindfulness, Coaching, and Peer Support (2025) · cites this paper as [16]
The paper’s Abstract (page unavailable) discusses guidance for conducting systematic reviews, not workplace burnout. Searches for burnout, workload redesign, schedule flexibility, supportive leadership, and structural drivers found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe GRADE approach was applied to the meta-analysis to determine the quality of evidence.
“The Grades Research, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was applied to the meta-analysis to determine the quality of evidence”
From Children's Physical Activity, Academic Performance, and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2020) · cites this paper as [79]
The paper’s Abstract discusses guidance on meta-analysis and risk-of-bias assessment, but does not mention GRADE or explain its use to assess quality of evidence. Searches for “GRADE quality of evidence” and “certainty of evidence GRADE Summary of findings” found no passage addressing that method. The source also cannot establish whether the citing authors applied it in their meta-analysis. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe quality of the evidence for each outcome was assessed based on elements of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the GRADE quality assessment and recommendations development process.
“The quality of the evidence for each outcome was assessed based on elements of the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the GRADE quality assessment and recommendations development process.45,46”
From Management of Anxiety and Depression in Adult Survivors of Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., Chandler, J., Welch, V. A., Higgins, J. P., & Thomas, J.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- University of Bristol (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-10-03
- Volume
- 10
- Pages
- ED000142-ED000142
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- PMC
- PMC10284251
- OpenAlex
- W2978795816
- Semantic Scholar
- 04201581aa0cd11725250bb0fd5458517bd08e24
- Cited by
- 7,218
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 610 · 2025: 1253 · 2024: 1372 · 2023: 1288 · 2022: 1157 · 2021: 981 · 2020: 521 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 137.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Monash University Research Portal (Monash University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0617-10145)
- Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12023/24)
- National Eye Institute (UG1EY020522)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
- Keywords
- systematic review methodology, Cochrane Collaboration
- MeSH terms
- Systematic Reviews as Topic, Guidelines as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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