Compassion Fatigue: Exploring Early-Career Oncology Nurses’ Experiences
Abstract
Background Oncology nurses have a higher risk and rate of compassion fatigue (CF) compared to professionals in other specialties. CF exhibits tangible negative outcomes, affecting nurses' health and professional practice. . Objectives Early-career oncology nurses' unique CF experiences lack thorough scientific exploration. This secondary analysis seeks to qualitatively augment this paucity and illuminate targeted interventions. . Methods Open-ended interviews were conducted with five early-career inpatient oncology nurses. Subsequent transcripts were explored for CF themes secondarily using thematic analysis. . Findings Themes indicate that early-career oncology nurses enjoy connecting with patients and families, but over-relating, long patient stays, and high patient mortality rates trigger CF. Symptoms include internalizing patients' and families' pains and fears, being haunted by specific patient deaths, feeling emotionally depleted, assuming that all patients will die, and experiencing burnout, physical exhaustion, and hypervigilance protecting loved ones.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Graneheim, U. H., & Lundman, B. (2004) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2003.10.001 · Cited by 20,772 · see citing works
Content analysis and thematic analysis: Implications for conducting a qualitative descriptive study
Vaismoradi, M., Turunen, H., & Bondas, T. (2013) · Nursing & Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.12048 · Cited by 8,327 · see citing works
Qualitative data analysis: the framework approach
Smith, J., & Firth, J. (2011) · Nurse Researcher · doi:10.7748/nr2011.01.18.2.52.c8284 · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: A concept analysis
Coetzee, S. K., & Klopper, H. C. (2010) · Nursing and Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00526.x · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Compassion Fatigue and Burnout
Potter, P. A., Deshields, T. L., Divanbeigi, J., Berger, J., Cipriano, D., Norris, L., & Olsen, S. (2010) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/10.cjon.e56-e62 · Cited by 368 · see citing works
Countering Compassion Fatigue: A Requisite Nursing Agenda
Boyle, D. (2011) · OJIN The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing · doi:10.3912/ojin.vol16no01man02 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Toh, S. G., Ang, E. N. K., & Devi, M. K. (2012) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1111/j.1744-1609.2012.00271.x · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Interventions to Manage Compassion Fatigue in Oncology Nursing
Aycock, N., & Boyle, D. (2009) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/09.cjon.183-191 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Compassion Fatigue: A Nurse’s Primer
Lombardo, B., & Eyre, C. (2011) · OJIN The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing · doi:10.3912/ojin.vol16no01man03 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Evaluation of a Compassion Fatigue Resiliency Program for Oncology Nurses
Potter, P. A., Deshields, T. L., Berger, J. A., Clarke, M., Olsen, S., & Chen, L. (2013) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/13.onf.180-187 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Flinkman, M., Isopahkala-Bouret, U., & Salanterä, S. (2013) · ISRN Nursing · doi:10.1155/2013/916061 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-help stress management training through mobile phones: An experience with oncology nurses
Villani, D., Grassi, A., Cognetta, C., Toniolo, D., Cipresso, P., & Riva, G. (2013) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/a0026459 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Neville, K., & Cole, D. A. (2013) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0b013e3182942c23 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Helping Nurses Cope With Grief and Compassion Fatigue
Houck, D. (2014) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/14.cjon.454-458 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue among registered nurses: Connecting theory and research
Sheppard, K. G. (2014) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2014.10.007 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationDavis, S. K., Lind, B. K., & Sorensen, C. (2013) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/13.onf.e303-e311 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Fallatah, F., & Laschinger, H. K. S. (2016) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/1744987115624135 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Developing a Systemic Program for Compassion Fatigue
Potter, P. A., Deshields, T. L., & Rodriguez, S. (2013) · Nursing Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1097/naq.0b013e3182a2f9dd · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Edmonds, C., Lockwood, G., Bezjak, A., & Nyhof-Young, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Cancer Education · doi:10.1007/s13187-011-0278-z · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Fetter, K. L. (2012) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/12.cjon.559-561 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Traeger, L. N., Park, E. R., Sporn, N. J., Repper-DeLisi, J., Convery, M. S., Jacobo, M., & Pirl, W. F. (2013) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/13.onf.e327-e336 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Poulsen, A. A., Sharpley, C. F., Baumann, K. C., Henderson, J., & Poulsen, M. G. (2015) · Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology · doi:10.1111/1754-9485.12322 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Palliative Care Communication in Oncology Nursing
Goldsmith, J. V., FERRELL, B. R., Wittenberg-Lyles, E. M., & Ragan, S. L. (2013) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/13.cjon.163-167 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Kang, C.-M., Chiu, H.-T., Lin, Y., & Chang, W. (2015) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2015.11.022 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Using second life to facilitate peer storytelling for grieving oncology nurses.
Rice, K. L., Bennett, M. J., & Billingsley, L. (2014) · PubMed Central · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Perceived Benefits and Challenges of an Oncology Nurse Support Group
Wittenberg-Lyles, E. M., Goldsmith, J. V., & Reno, J. E. (2014) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/14.cjon.e71-e76 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Romano, J., Trotta, R. L., & Rich, V. L. (2013) · Nursing Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1097/naq.0b013e3182a2f9ff · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Popkin, K., Levin, T. T., Lichtenthal, W. G., Redl, N., Rothstein, H. D., Siegel, D., & Coyle, N. (2011) · Music and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1943862110391471 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Oncology Nurse Internships: A Foundation and Future for Oncology Nursing Practice?
Childress, S. B., & Gorder, D. (2012) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/12.onf.341-344 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pfaff, H., Kowalski, C., & Ansmann, L. (2013) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckt123.172 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oncology nurses’ compassion fatigue, burn out and compassion satisfaction
Jarrad, R. A., & Hammad, S. (2020) · Annals of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12991-020-00272-9 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue as bruises in the soul: A qualitative study on nurses
Gustafsson, T., & Hemberg, J. A. V. (2021) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330211003215 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Ebstein, A. M. M., Eller, L. S., Tan, K. S., Cherniss, C., Ruggiero, J. S., & Cimiotti, J. P. (2018) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4937 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Li, J.-N., Jiang, X., Zheng, Q., Lin, F., Chen, X.-Q., Pan, Y., Zhu, Y., Liu, R., & Huang, L. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01185-0 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
An evolutionary concept analysis of secondary traumatic stress in nurses.
Arnold, T. C. (2019) · Nursing Forum · doi:10.1111/nuf.12409 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Qualitative analysis of compassion fatigue and coping strategies among nurses
Ondrejková, N., & Halamová, J. (2022) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.09.007 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Grief as a mediator of the relationship between empathy and compassion fatigue
Shi, H., Shan, B., Zheng, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, J., & Hu, X. (2022) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5875 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Effective interventions to reduce burnout in nurses: A meta-analysis
Musker, M., & Othman, S. (2024) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101827 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Xia, Z., Yu, S., Shi, H., Meng, Y., & Dator, W. L. (2025) · Nursing & Health Sciences · doi:10.1111/nhs.70042 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ebstein, A. M. M., Tan, K. S., Panageas, K. S., Arnetz, J. E., & Barton‐Burke, M. (2021) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.4103/apjon.apjon-2117 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Job satisfaction of advanced practice nurses in cancer care: A systematic review
Geese, F., Zwakhalen, S., Lucien, B., & Hahn, S. (2022) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2021.102089 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Palliative Cancer Care Stress and Coping Among Clinical Nurses Who Experience End-of-Life Care
Kim, H., & Kim, K. (2020) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/njh.0000000000000624 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Communication Training: Needs Among Oncology Nurses Across the Cancer Continuum
Wittenberg-Lyles, E. M. (2019) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/19.cjon.82-91 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Contributors to fatigue among nurses working in critical care units: A qualitative study
Abbaszadeh, R., Ahmadi, F., Khoobi, M., Kazemnejad, A., & Vaismoradi, M. (2024) · Nursing in Critical Care · doi:10.1111/nicc.13091 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The importance of understanding burnout: an oncology nurse perspective
Nwanya, M., & Rowberry, D. J. (2021) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2021.30.10.s8 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Measuring Professional Quality of Life in Nurses: A Realist Review.
Boni, R. L., Dingley, C., & Reyes, A. (2022) · Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1188/22.cjon.318-323 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
A Scoping Review of Compassion Fatigue Among Oncology Nurses Caring for Adult Patients
Banks, J., López, V., Sahay, A., & Cleary, M. L. (2023) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000001226 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Addressing Incivility and Bullying in the Practice Environment
Gosselin, T., & Ireland, A. M. (2020) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2020.151023 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Yang, H., Yang, L., Chen, L., Liu, J., Cui, S., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28507 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Huang, Y. S., Zheng, R., Xu, J., Zhang, L., Zhu, P., Lu, Z., Wang, L., Xie, J., Zhao, J., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102273 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Tan, S. L., Zhou, H., Thian, H. J., & Della, P. R. (2024) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1155/2024/6626516 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
dos Santos, L. B. P. A., Alvarenga, W. D. A., Leite, A. C. A. B., Neris, R. R., de Lima, R. A. G., de Montigny, F., Verdon, C., & Nascimento, L. C. (2024) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2024.151655 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ethical sensitivity and compassion in home care: Leaders’ views
Blomqvist, H., Bergdahl, E., & Hemberg, J. A. V. (2022) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330221122965 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Efetividade de um programa de formação na gestão emocional dos enfermeiros perante a morte do doente
Pais, N. J., Costeira, C. R. B., Silva, A., & Moreira, I. (2020) · Revista de Enfermagem Referência · doi:10.12707/rv20023 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Finley, B. A., Shea, K., Gallagher, S. P., & Taylor‐Piliae, R. E. (2024) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2024.01.016 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationKayalar, A., & Hi̇çdurmaz, D. (2025) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2025.151840 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Unveiling the burden of compassion fatigue in nurses
Taşdemir, H. İ., Aydın, R., Ergezen, F. D., Taşdemir, D., & Ergezen, Y. (2023) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/09697330231200571 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Fiskeaux, M., Finley, B. A., Goldstein, D., Sender, J. S., Rogers, M. L., & Palitsky, R. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2025.105211 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationEstablishment and validation of a prediction model for compassion fatigue in nursing students
Zhang, H., & Dator, W. L. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-02834-2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Compassion Fatigue in Oncology Nurses: An Integrative Review
Alipio, J., Florendo, M. G., Montilla, M. G., & Narvaez, R. A. (2023) · World Journal of Cancer and Oncology Research · doi:10.31586/wjcor.2023.732 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Confronting compassion fatigue in oncology nurses
Reiser, V. L., & Gonzalez, J. F. Z. (2020) · Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.nurse.0000659332.20270.6c · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Design and Validation of a Compassion Fatigue Scale in Peruvian Nurses
Esteban, R. F. C., Mamani-Benito, O. J., Chaparro, J. E. T., Sosa, J. V. C., & Lingán-Huamán, S. K. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20126147 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Banks, J., Thapa, D. K., López, V., Sahay, A., & Cleary, M. L. (2025) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2025.102792 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Suicidality, resilience and burnout in a population of oncology nurses
Despotović, M., Ristić, D. I., Banković, D., Milovanovic, D. R., Stepanović, Ž., Despotović, M., Zlatanović, M., Raketić, D., Milisavljević, M. M., Boljanović, J., et al. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87677-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, H., & Dator, W. L. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16785 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wilkinson, M., Cox, N., Witham, G., & Haigh, C. A. (2021) · Journal of research in nursing · doi:10.1177/17449871211018739 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fadiga e satisfação por compaixão em profissionais oncológicos: revisão integrativa
Saura, A. P. N. S., Valóta, I. A. D. C., dos Santos, M. R., da Silva, R. M., & Costa, A. L. S. (2023) · Revista Bioética · doi:10.1590/1983-803420233073pt · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Healing Oncology Nurses in a Caring Environment
Tang, F. W. K., So, W. K. W., Ling, G. C. C., Lai, A. S. F., & Chair, S. Y. (2017) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000546 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Matthews, R. D. (2022) · Queensland University of Technology · doi:10.5204/thesis.eprints.232496 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Compassion fatigue and satisfaction in oncology professionals: an integrative review
Saura, A. P. N. S., Valóta, I. A. D. C., dos Santos, M. R., da Silva, R. M., & Costa, A. L. S. (2023) · Revista Bioética · doi:10.1590/1983-803420233073en · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Factors Influencing Secondary Traumatic Stress in Pediatric Nurses: An Integrative Review
Lim, H., Seo, W. J., & Lee, H. (2026) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.70084 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Branson, D. C. (2020) · Advances in human services and public health (AHSPH) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-6705-0.ch014 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Chaparro-Díaz, L., & Valbuena, A. A. (2021) · Ciencia e Innovación en Salud · doi:10.17081/innosa.112 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Desgaste y satisfacción por empatía en los profesionales de oncología: una revisión integradora
Saura, A. P. N. S., Valóta, I. A. D. C., dos Santos, M. R., da Silva, R. M., & Costa, A. L. S. (2023) · Revista Bioética · doi:10.1590/1983-803420233073es · Cited by 1 · see citing works
An Exploration of the Experience of Compassion Fatigue in Nurses Working with Oncology Patients
Kim, S. H., & Kim, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Digital Convergence · doi:10.14400/jdc.2020.18.11.581 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Virtual Reality: A Tool for Managing and Mitigating the Nursing Fatigue
Al‐Masaeed, M. (2021) · Journal of Quality in Health Care & Economics · doi:10.23880/jqhe-16000218 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Emotional labour in oncology and haematology nursing: exploring effects and coping strategies
Ryan, A., Cross, D., & Worthington, J. (2022) · Cancer Nursing Practice · doi:10.7748/cnp.2022.e1815 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS: LITERATURE REVIEW
Махмутовна, Ж. Ж., А.С., К., Сеиткабылович, С. А., Rakhmatullina, N., Aitmurzinova, G., & Аскарович, С. А. (2022) · Oncologia i radiologia Kazakhstana · doi:10.52532/2663-4864-2022-2-64-59-65
Chun, J., Kim, Y. J., & Kang, K. (2022) · Progress in Palliative Care · doi:10.1080/09699260.2022.2122316
Öcalan, S., & Üzar‐Özçetin, Y. S. (2025) · Seminars in Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.soncn.2025.152081
Li, J.-N., Jiang, X.-M., Zheng, Q.-X., Lin, F., Chen, X.-Q., Pan, Y., Zhu, Y., Liu, R.-L., & Huang, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26568724
Additional file 1 of Oncology nurses’ compassion fatigue, burn out and compassion satisfaction
Jarrad, R. A., & Hammad, S. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12057603
Phillips, C. S., Woods, H., Hebdon, M., & Robinson, A. (2026) · Arts & Health · doi:10.1080/17533015.2026.2666593
Compassion Fatigue Among Labor and Delivery Nurses in the United States
Cassar, L., Stevenson, E. L., & Dowling, N. M. (2026) · MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/nmc.0000000000001203
The Experiences of Compassion Fatigue in Oncology and Palliative Care Nursing: A Scoping Review
Feruglio, L., Bressan, V., Cedrone, S., & Cadorin, L. (2026) · International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ijnsa.2026.100694
- Authors
- Finley, B., & Sheppard, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- ORCID
- Finley, Brooke
- Venue
- Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing
- Publisher
- Oncology Nursing Society (ONS)
- Published
- 2017-06-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- E61-E66
- ISSN
- 1092-1095 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-067X
- OpenAlex
- W2616306696
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical journal of oncology nursing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Healthcare professionals’ stress and burnout
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- compassion fatigue, oncology nurses, early career nurses, nurse burnout, emotional exhaustion, patient mortality, nurse-patient relationship, hypervigilance, nurse well-being
- MeSH terms
- Compassion Fatigue, Adult, Burnout, Professional, Female, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Oncology Nursing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review