Maternity Blues: I. Detection and Measurement by Questionnaire
Abstract
The studies reported had two purposes: (a) to identify psychological symptoms commonly experienced by mothers in the first few days after childbirth; (b) to use psychometric methods to develop a questionnaire for detecting and measuring these symptoms. A draft 49-item questionnaire was derived by asking 100 newly delivered mothers to volunteer suitable items. The number of items was systematically reduced to 28 while testing the questionnaire on two further samples of newly delivered mothers (n = 100 and n = 50). Cluster analysis of the 28 items yielded seven clusters, the robustness of which was established in a further sample of 87 newly delivered mothers. The validity of the 28-item questionnaire was established. The questionnaire was quick and easy to administer, suitable for repeated administration on consecutive days, and well accepted by mothers.
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Overlap of items measuring postpartum depression and postpartum blues is observed in commonly used assessment tools, such as the Kennerley Blues Scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.
“Overlap of items measuring postpartum depression and postpartum blues is observed in commonly used assessment tools, such as the Kennerley Blues Scale (Kennerley and Gath, 1989) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Cox et al., 1987).”
From Associations between maternal psychological distress and mother-infant bonding: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2023) · cites this paper as Kennerley and Gath, 1989
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Buttner, M. M. A., Brock, R. L., & O’Hara, M. W. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.022 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Zeng, Y., Tan, C. W., Sultana, R., Chua, T.-E., Chen, H. Y., Sia, A. T. H., & Sng, B. L. (2020) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s256465 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Kennerley, H., & Gath, D.
- ORCID
- Kennerley, Helen
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 1989-09
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 356-362
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W4322702791
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, questionnaire development, psychometric validation, clustering, maternal mental health, postpartum blues
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