Implications of Timing of Maternal Depressive Symptoms for Early Cognitive and Language Development
Abstract
: Statistically, women, particularly pregnant women and new mothers, are at heightened risk for depression. The present review describes the current state of the research linking maternal depressed mood and children's cognitive and language development. Exposure to maternal depressive symptoms, whether during the prenatal period, postpartum period, or chronically, has been found to increase children's risk for later cognitive and language difficulties. The present review considers both the timing of maternal depression and the chronicity of mothers' depression on children's risk for cognitive and language delays. Infancy is frequently identified as a sensitive period in which environmental stimulation has the potential to substantially influence children's cognitive and language development. However, children's exposure to chronic maternal depression seems to be associated with more problematic outcomes for children, perhaps because depression interferes with mothers' ability to respond sensitively and consistently over time. Consistent with this expectation, interventions targeting parenting practices of depressed mothers have been found to increase children's cognitive competence during early childhood. The current review provides a synthesis of the current state of the field regarding the association between maternal depression and children's cognitive and language development during early childhood.
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Untreated PPD seems to have negative consequences for both infants and mothers.
“Untreated PPD seems to have negative consequences for both infants and mothers.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
Nonsystematic reviews have indicated that the risks to children of untreated depressed mothers, compared to mothers without PPD, include poor cognitive functioning, behavioral inhibition, emotional maladjustment, violent behavior, externalizing disorders, and psychiatric and medical disorders in adolescence.
“Nonsystematic reviews have indicated that the risks to children of untreated depressed mothers (compared to mothers without PPD) include problems such as poor cognitive functioning, behavioral inhibition, emotional maladjustment, violent behavior, externalizing disorders, and psychiatric and medical disorders in adolescence.5,10–17”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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A preliminary study of depressive symptoms in mothers of 3-year-old prematurely born children
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- Authors
- Sohr-Preston, S. L., & Scaramella, L. V.
- Affiliations
- LSU New Orleans (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scaramella, Laura V.
- ORCID
- Scaramella, Laura V.
- Venue
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 65-83
- ISSN
- 1096-4037 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2827
- OpenAlex
- W2007455321
- Cited by
- 450
- References
- 207
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 15.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Keywords
- maternal depression, antenatal depression, postpartum depression, child cognitive development, child language acquisition, sensitive period, parenting support, early childhood, mother-child interaction
- MeSH terms
- Child Development, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Language Development Disorders, Male, Mothers, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Risk Factors, Child of Impaired Parents, Depression, Postpartum
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