The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Maternal antenatal anxiety and children's behavioural/emotional problems at 4 years
Open accessAbstract
Background: Animal experiments suggest that maternal stress and anxiety during pregnancy have long-term effects on the behaviour of the off spring. Aims: To test the hypothesis that antenatal maternal anxiety predicts behavioural problems at age 4 years. Method: Data were collected on multiple antenatal and postnatal assessments of maternal anxiety and depression, antenatal and obstetric risks, psychosocial risks and children's behavioural/emotional problems (n=7448). Results: Antenatal maternal anxiety predicted behavioural/emotional problems in boys (OR=2.14,95% CI 1.48−3.10) and girls (OR=1.88,95% CI 1.3–2.69) after accounting for covariates. When covarying maternal anxiety up to 33 months postnatally, antenatal anxiety continued to predict total problems in boys (OR=1.56,95% CI 1.02–2.41) and girls (OR=1.5l, 95% CI 1.22–2.81). Conclusions: There could be a direct effect of maternal mood on foetal brain development, which affects the behavioural development of the child.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“which in turn has deleterious effects on maternal–child attachment, child behaviour, and cognitive and neuroendocrine outcomes that persist into adolescence.36–40”
From Previous prenatal loss as a predictor of perinatal depression and anxiety (2011) · cites this paper as [37]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Maternal stress, anxiety, and depression during pregnancy and post-partum are reported to have short- and long-term consequences for women's health, impact mother-baby/child interactions, and increase the risk of emotional, cognitive, behavioural, and social problems in children (Mason etal., 2011; O'Connor etal., 2002).”
From A Qualitative Investigation of a Prenatal Mindfulness Relationship-Based (PMRB) Program to Support Maternal Mental Health and Mother–Baby Relationship During Pregnancy and Post-Partum (2024) · cites this paper as O'Connor et al., 2002
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Thus, elevated prenatal maternal stress/anxiety is associated with infant inability to attend and with delayed cognitive development (Brouwers et al., 2001; Huizink et al., 2002; O’Connor et al., 2002; Buitelaar et al., 2003; Huizink et al., 2003; Davis & Sandman, in press)”
From High pregnancy anxiety during mid-gestation is associated with decreased gray matter density in 6-9-year-old children. (2010) · cites this paper as O’Connor et al., 2002
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782 · Cited by 14,183
The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
Chrousos, G. P. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03480090092034 · Cited by 2,689
ALSPAC–The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Golding, Pembrey, Jones, & The Alspac Study Team (2001) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00325.x · Cited by 1,549
Self-citationGoodman, R., & Scott, S. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1022658222914 · Cited by 1,420
EDITORIAL: Postpartum depression and child development
Murray, L., & Cooper, P. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291796004564 · Cited by 967
The Validation of the Edinburgh Post-natal Depression Scale on a Community Sample
Murray, L., & Carothers, A. D. (1990) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.157.2.288 · Cited by 881
Copper, R. L., Goldenberg, R. L., Das, A., Elder, N., Swain, M., Norman, G., Ramsey, R., Cotroneo, P., Collins, B. A., Johnson, F., et al. (1996) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70042-x · Cited by 683
Variations in maternal care in infancy regulate the development of stress reactivity
Caldji, C., Diorio, J. C., & Meaney, M. J. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01084-2 · Cited by 588
Does Prenatal Stress Impair Coping and Regulation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis?
Weinstock, M. (1997) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00014-0 · Cited by 539
Ladd, C. O., Owens, M. J., & Nemeroff, C. (1996) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.137.4.8625891 · Cited by 536
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 32 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- 1992, BMJ, 13, 1545
- 2000, Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, 201
- 1993, Journal of Developmental and behavioral Paediatrics, 14, 81
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cohort Profile: The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: ALSPAC mothers cohort
Fraser, A., Macdonald-Wallis, C., Tilling, K., Boyd, A., Golding, J., Davey Smith, G., Henderson, J., Macleod, J., Molloy, L., Ness, A., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dys066 · Cited by 2,494
Self-citationEffects of perinatal mental disorders on the fetus and child
Stein, A., Pearson, R. M., Goodman, S. H., Rapa, E., Rahman, A., McCallum, M., Howard, L. M., & Pariante, C. M. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61277-0 · Cited by 2,166
Antenatal maternal stress and long‐term effects on child neurodevelopment: how and why?
Talge, N. M., Neal, C., Glover, V., & the Early Stress, T. R. A. P. S. N. F. A. N. E. O. C. A. A. M. H. (2007) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01714.x · Cited by 1,349
Self-citationVan den Bergh, B. R. H., Mulder, E. J. H., Mennes, M., & Glover, V. (2005) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.10.007 · Cited by 1,104
Self-citationPsychiatric Disorders in Pregnant and Postpartum Women in the United States
Vesga-López, O., Blanco, C., Keyes, K., Olfson, M., Grant, B. F., & Hasin, D. S. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.7.805 · Cited by 1,065
Metadata
- Authors
- O'Connor, T. G., Heron, J., Golding, J., Beveridge, M., & Glover, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- University of Plymouth (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 180
- Issue
- 06
- Pages
- 502-508
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2173291953
- Cited by
- 1,070
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 36 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 75 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 34.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
- Keywords
- child behavior problems, child emotional problems, maternal depression, prenatal stress, sex differences, maternal mood, fetal brain development, early childhood
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Child Behavior Disorders, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Maternal Behavior, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
