Genome-wide association study of treatment-resistance in depression and meta-analysis of three independent samples
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is the most problematic outcome of depression in terms of functional impairment, suicidal thoughts and decline in physical health.AimsTo investigate the genetic predictors of TRD using a genome-wide approach to contribute to the development of precision medicine. METHOD: A sample recruited by the European Group for the Study of Resistant Depression (GSRD) including 1148 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) was characterised for the occurrence of TRD (lack of response to at least two adequate antidepressant treatments) and genotyped using the Infinium PsychArray. Three clinically relevant patient groups were considered: TRD, responders and non-responders to the first antidepressant trial, thus outcomes were based on comparisons of these groups. Genetic analyses were performed at the variant, gene and gene-set (i.e. functionally related genes) level. Additive regression models of the outcomes and relevant covariates were used in the GSRD participants and in a fixed-effect meta-analysis performed between GSRD, STAR*D (n = 1316) and GENDEP (n = 761) participants. RESULTS: No individual polymorphism or gene was associated with TRD, although some suggestive signals showed enrichment in cytoskeleton regulation, transcription modulation and calcium signalling. Two gene sets (GO:0043949 and GO:0000183) were associated with TRD versus response and TRD versus response and non-response to the first treatment in the GSRD participants and in the meta-analysis, respectively (corrected P = 0.030 and P = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: The identified gene sets are involved in cyclic adenosine monophosphate mediated signal and chromatin silencing, two processes previously implicated in antidepressant action. They represent possible biomarkers to implement personalised antidepressant treatments and targets for new antidepressants.Declaration of interestD.S. has received grant/research support from GlaxoSmithKline and Lundbeck; has served as a consultant or on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen and Lundbeck. S.M. has been a consultant or served on advisory boards for: AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Forest, Johnson & Johnson, Leo, Lundbeck, Medelink, Neurim, Pierre Fabre, Richter. S.K. has received grant/research support from Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Organon, Sepracor and Servier; has served as a consultant or on advisory boards for AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Organon, Schwabe, Sepracor, Servier, Janssen and Novartis; and has served on speakers' bureaus for AstraZeneca, Eli Lily, Lundbeck, Schwabe, Sepracor, Servier, Pierre Fabre, Janssen and Neuraxpharm. J.Z. has received grant/research support from Lundbeck, Servier, Brainsway and Pfizer, has served as a consultant or on advisory boards for Servier, Pfizer, Abbott, Lilly, Actelion, AstraZeneca and Roche and has served on speakers' bureaus for Lundbeck, Roch, Lilly, Servier, Pfizer and Abbott. J.M. is a member of the Board of the Lundbeck International Neuroscience Foundation and of Advisory Board of Servier. A.S. is or has been consultant/speaker for: Abbott, AbbVie, Angelini, Astra Zeneca, Clinical Data, Boehringer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Innovapharma, Italfarmaco, Janssen, Lundbeck, Naurex, Pfizer, Polifarma, Sanofi and Servier. C.M.L. receives research support from RGA UK Services Limited.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Results compared with genome-wide association meta-analyses did not yield any overlap with the genes identified in the present study.
“Additionally, results were compared with those from genome-wide association meta-analyses (Fabbri et al., 2019; Li et al., 2020), which did not yield any overlap with the genes identified in the present study.”
From Epigenome-wide DNA methylation in unipolar depression: predictive biomarker of antidepressant treatment response? (2024) · cites this paper as Fabbri et al., 2019
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139 · see citing works
A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change
Montgomery, S. A., & Åsberg, M. (1979) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.134.4.382 · Cited by 13,962 · see citing works
Vos, T., Allen, C., Arora, M., Barber, R. M., Bhutta, Z. A., Brown, A., Carter, A., Casey, D. C., Charlson, F. J., Chen, A. Z., et al. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31678-6 · Cited by 7,253 · see citing works
Population Structure and Eigenanalysis
Patterson, N., Price, A. L., & Reich, D. (2006) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020190 · Cited by 5,280 · see citing works
Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations with FUMA
Watanabe, K., Taskesen, E., van Bochoven, A., & Posthuma, D. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-01261-5 · Cited by 4,083 · see citing works
MAGMA: Generalized Gene-Set Analysis of GWAS Data
de Leeuw, C. A., Mooij, J. M., Heskes, T., & Posthuma, D. (2015) · PLOS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004219 · Cited by 3,653 · see citing works
(2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62129-1 · Cited by 3,010 · see citing works
MaCH: using sequence and genotype data to estimate haplotypes and unobserved genotypes
Li, Y., Willer, C. J., Ding, J., Scheet, P., & Abecasis, G. R. (2010) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20533 · Cited by 1,843 · see citing works
Sustained hippocampal chromatin regulation in a mouse model of depression and antidepressant action
Tsankova, N. M., Berton, O., Renthal, W., Kumar, A., Neve, R. L., & Nestler, E. J. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1659 · Cited by 1,780 · see citing works
Sequenced treatment alternatives to relieve depression (STAR*D): Rationale and design
Rush, A. J., Fava, M., Wisniewski, S. R., Lavori, P. W., Trivedi, M. H., Sackeim, H. A., Thase, M. E., Nierenberg, A. A., Quitkin, F. M., Kashner, T. M., et al. (2004) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(03)00112-0 · Cited by 1,076 · see citing works
TRIVEDI, M. H., RUSH, A. J., IBRAHIM, H. M., CARMODY, T. J., BIGGS, M. M., SUPPES, T., CRISMON, M. L., SHORES-WILSON, K., TOPRAC, M. G., DENNEHY, E. B., et al. (2004) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291703001107 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Estimation of significance thresholds for genomewide association scans
Dudbridge, F., & Gusnanto, A. (2008) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20297 · Cited by 703 · see citing works
Neuronal plasticity and survival in mood disorders
Duman, R. S., Malberg, J., Nakagawa, S., & D’Sa, C. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00935-5 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Souery, D., Oswald, P., Massat, I., Bailer, U., Bollen, J., Demyttenaere, K., Kasper, S., Lecrubier, Y., Montgomery, S., Serretti, A., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v68n0713 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Sequence Kernel Association Tests for the Combined Effect of Rare and Common Variants
Ionita-Laza, I., Lee, S., Makarov, V., Buxbaum, J. D., & Lin, X. (2013) · The American Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.015 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Tardito, D., Perez, J., Tiraboschi, E., Musazzi, L., Racagni, G., & Popoli, M. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.1.7 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Contribution of Common Genetic Variants to Antidepressant Response
Tansey, K. E., Guipponi, M., Hu, X., Domenici, E., Lewis, G., Malafosse, A., Wendland, J. R., Lewis, C. M., McGuffin, P., & Uher, R. (2012) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.030 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Anderson, G. R., Galfin, T., Xu, W., Aoto, J. N., Malenka, R. C., & Südhof, T. C. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1216398109 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Combining clinical variables to optimize prediction of antidepressant treatment outcomes
Iniesta, R., Malki, K., Maier, W., Rietschel, M., Mors, O. N., Hauser, J., Henigsberg, N., Dernovšek, M. Z., Souery, D., Stahl, D. R., et al. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.03.016 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Jurek, B., Slattery, D. A., Hiraoka, Y., Liu, Y., Nishimori, K., Aguilera, G., Neumann, I. D., & van den Burg, E. H. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1345-14.2015 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Souery, D., Serretti, A., Calati, R., Oswald, P., Massat, I., Konstantinidis, A., Linotte, S., Bollen, J., Demyttenaere, K., Kasper, S. F., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e3182228619 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
New hypothesis and treatment targets of depression: an integrated view of key findings
Cai, S., Huang, S., & Hao, W. (2015) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-014-1486-4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Maccarrone, G., Ditzen, C., Yassouridis, A., Rewerts, C., Uhr, M., Uhlén, M., Holsboer, F., & Turck, C. W. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.07.021 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Erburu, M. M., Muñoz-Cobo, I., Diaz-Perdigón, T., Mellini, P., Suzuki, T., Puerta, E., & Tordera, R. M. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.01.033 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
The Genetics of Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Critical Review and Future Perspectives
Fabbri, C., Corponi, F., Souery, D., Kasper, S. F., Montgomery, S., Zohar, J., Rujescu, D., Mendlewicz, J., & Serretti, A. (2018) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyy024 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The False Discovery Rate: A Key Concept in Large-Scale Genetic Studies
Chen, J. J., Robeson, P. K., & Schell, M. J. (2010) · Cancer Control · doi:10.1177/107327481001700108 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Fabbri, C., Tansey, K. E., Perlis, R. H., Hauser, J., Henigsberg, N., Maier, W., Mors, O. N., Placentino, A., Rietschel, M., Souery, D., et al. (2017) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/tpj.2017.44 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Lin, H., Geng, X., Dang, W., Wu, B., Dai, Z., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, H., & Shi, J. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.053 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Clinical correlates of augmentation/combination treatment strategies in major depressive disorder
Dold, M., Bartova, L., Mendlewicz, J., Souery, D., Serretti, A., Porcelli, S., Zohar, J., Montgomery, S. A., & Kasper, S. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12870 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Xu, C. D., Mullersman, J. E., Wang, L., Su, B., Mao, C., Posada, Y., Camarillo, C., Mao, Y., Escamilla, M., & Wang, K. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.017 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Wendel, J. R. H., Williams, M. T., Skelton, M. R., Grubisha, O., Ferreira, F. M., Sanger, H., Wright, M. E., Reed, T. M., Rasmussen, K., Duman, R. S., et al. (2017) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4587-8 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Genomewide interaction and enrichment analysis on antidepressant response
Antypa, N., Drago, A., & Serretti, A. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713001554 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 34 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Uncovering the Genetic Architecture of Major Depression
McIntosh, A. M., Sullivan, P. F., & Lewis, C. M. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.03.022 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Fabbri, C., Hagenaars, S. P., John, C., Williams, A. T., Shrine, N. R. G., Moles, L., Hanscombe, K. B., Serretti, A., Shepherd, D. J., Free, R. C., et al. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01062-9 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Bartova, L., Dold, M., Kautzky, A., Fabbri, C., Spies, M., Serretti, A., Souery, D., Mendlewicz, J., Zohar, J., Montgomery, S., et al. (2019) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2019.1635270 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentifying the Common Genetic Basis of Antidepressant Response
Pain, O., Hodgson, K., Trubetskoy, V., Ripke, S., Marshe, V. S., Adams, M. J., Byrne, E. M., Campos, A. I., Carrillo‐Roa, T., Cattaneo, A., et al. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.07.008 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Treatment-resistant depression: molecular mechanisms and management
Kajumba, M. M., Kakooza‐Mwesige, A., Nakasujja, N., Attix, D. K., & Canli, T. (2024) · Molecular Biomedicine · doi:10.1186/s43556-024-00205-y · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Fanelli, G., Benedetti, F., Kasper, S., Zohar, J., Souery, D., Montgomery, S., Albani, D., Forloni, G., Ferentinos, P. P., Rujescu, D., et al. (2020) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110170 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Predicting patients who will drop out of out-patient psychotherapy using machine learning algorithms
Bennemann, B., Schwartz, B., Giesemann, J., & Lutz, W. (2022) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2022.17 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Fabbri, C., Kasper, S., Kautzky, A., Zohar, J., Souery, D., Montgomery, S., Albani, D., Forloni, G., Ferentinos, P. P., Rujescu, D., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0738-5 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Understanding treatment-resistant depression using “omics” techniques: A systematic review
Amasi-Hartoonian, N., Pariante, C. M., Cattaneo, A., & Sforzini, L. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.011 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
How Real-World Data Can Facilitate the Development of Precision Medicine Treatment in Psychiatry
Koch, E. M., Pardiñas, A. F., O’Connell, K. S., Selvaggi, P., Camacho-Collados, J., Babić, A., Marshall, S., der Eycken, E. V., Angulo, C., Lu, Y., et al. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.01.001 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Li, D., Pain, O., Fabbri, C., Wong, W. L. E., Lo, C. W. H., Ripke, S., Cattaneo, A., Souery, D., Dernovšek, M. Z., Henigsberg, N., et al. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02981-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Pharmacogenetics and Depression: A Critical Perspective
Corponi, F., Fabbri, C., & Serretti, A. (2019) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2019.06.16 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Fabbri, C., Montgomery, S., Lewis, C. M., & Serretti, A. (2020) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000305 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dunbar, E. K., Saloman, J. L., Phillips, A. E., & Whitcomb, D. C. (2021) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s274276 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zhao, M., Ma, J., Li, M., Zhu, W., Zhou, W., Shen, L., Wu, H., Zhang, N., Wu, S., Fu, C., et al. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-01942-w · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Xu, Z., Xie, C., Xia, L., Yuan, Y., Zhu, H., Huang, X., Li, C., Yu, T., Qu, X., Zhang, F., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0689-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gonda, X., Eszlári, N., Török, D., Gál, Z., Bokor, J., Millinghoffer, A., Baksa, D., Petschner, P., Antal, P., Breen, G. D., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01436-1 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Exome-wide association study of treatment-resistant depression suggests novel treatment targets
Shah, S., Peddada, T., Song, C., Mensah, M., Sung, H., Yavi, M., Yuan, P., Zarate, C. A., Mickey, B. J., Burmeister, M., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38984-z · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Huang, Y., Liu, Y., Wu, Y., Tang, Y., Liu, S., Xiao, L., Zhang, M., Tao, S., Xie, M., Dai, M., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2022.956265 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Fabbri, C. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-02899-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Genetic Correlates of Treatment-Resistant Depression
Xu, B., Forthman, K. L., Kuplicki, R., Ahern, J., Loughnan, R. J., Naber, F., Thompson, W. K., Nemeroff, C. B., Paulus, M. P., & Fan, C. C. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.4825 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Li, S., Niu, L., Ma, Y., Qiu, Y., Li, S., Guobule, N., Cao, H., & Li, J. (2021) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-021-02415-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Schiele, M. A., Crespo Salvador, O., Lipovsek, J., Schwarte, K., Schlosser, P., Zwanzger, P., Arolt, V., Baune, B. T., Köttgen, A., & Domschke, K. (2024) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyae045 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Singh, M. K., & Thase, M. E. (2025) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852925000094 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Paolini, M., Fortaner-Uyà, L., Lorenzi, C., Spadini, S., Maccario, M., Zanardi, R., Colombo, C., Poletti, S., & Benedetti, F. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14112037 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Chappell, K., Colle, R., Bouligand, J., Trabado, S., Fève, B., Becquemont, L., Corruble, E., & Verstuyft, C. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010497 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Alnassar, N., Hillman, C., Fontana, B. D., Robson, S. C., Norton, W., & Parker, M. O. (2023) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.08.004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Koch, E. M., Puusepp, T., Einarsson, G., Mitchell, B. L., Harder, A., Lin, Y., García‐Marín, L. M., Krebs, K., Shadrin, A. A., Xiong, Y., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03357-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Barakat, A. K., Scholl, C., Steffens, M., Brandenburg, K., Ising, M., Lucae, S., Holsboer, F., Laje, G., Kalayda, G. V., Jaehde, U., et al. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00900-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Xiong, Y., Krebs, K., Jermy, B. S., Karlsson, R., Pasman, J. A., Nguyen, T.-D., Gong, T., Kowalec, K., Rück, C., Sigström, R., et al. (2025) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-025-03084-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Park, J.-S., Heo, H., Kim, M., Lee, S., Park, S.-K., Kim, K., Kang, Y.-H., Kim, J. S., Sung, Y. H., Shim, W. H., et al. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-023-02258-x · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, H., Li, X., Pang, J., Zhao, X., Cao, S., Wang, X., Wang, X., & Li, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00493 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Martone, A., Possidente, C., Fanelli, G., Fabbri, C., & Serretti, A. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01873-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lisi, A. D., Valle, A. D., Menchetti, M., Crisafulli, C., & Fabbri, C. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000002014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Impact of gene-by-trauma interaction in MDD-related multimorbidity clusters
Bonk, S., Eszlári, N., Kirchner, K., Gézsi, A., Garvert, L., Kuokkanen, M., Cano, I., Grabe, H. J., Antal, P., Juhász, G., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.126 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Symptom networks in major depressive disorder and treatment response: special focus on TRD
Kautzky, A., Bartova, L., Dold, M., Souery, D., Montgomery, S., Zohar, J., Mendlewicz, J., Fabbri, C., Serretti, A., Tretiakov, E. O., et al. (2025) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2025.2454 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Role of Genetic and Epigenetic Biomarkers in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Literature Review
Sulić, P., Pavičić, A. R., Ivančić, B. Đ., Božina, T., Božina, N., & Živković, M. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16121443 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neurometabolic approach to treatment-resistant depression
Reynolds, E. H. (2019) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2019.170 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Precision medicine in mood disorders
Serretti, A. (2022) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Chappell, K., Colle, R., Tayeb, A. E. K. A., Bouligand, J., El‐Asmar, K., Deflesselle, É., Fève, B., Becquemont, L., Corruble, E., & Verstuyft, C. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110608 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Precision Medicine in Antidepressants Treatment
Tsermpini, E. E., Serretti, A., & Dolžan, V. (2023) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2023_654 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Genetic Associations of Anhedonia: Insights into Overlap of Mental and Somatic Disorders
Kasyanov, E. D., Pinakhina, D. V., Rakitko, A., Vergasova, E., Yermakovich, D., Рукавишников, Г. В., Malyshko, L. V., Popov, I., Kovalenko, E. V., Ilinskaya, A. Y., et al. (2024) · Consortium Psychiatricum · doi:10.17816/cp15494 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Xu, B., Forthman, K. L., Kuplicki, R., Ahern, J., Loughnan, R. J., Naber, F., Thompson, W. K., Nemeroff, C. B., Paulus, M. P., & Fan, C. C. (2024) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2024.07.03.24309914 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Genetics and Neurobiology of Treatment-Resistant Depression—A Review
Płaza, O., Gałecki, P., Bliźniewska-Kowalska, K. M., Gałecka, M., Brońska, A., Jornet-Plaza, J., Szurek, A., & Szulc, A. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms262211016 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sriretnakumar, V., Harripaul, R., Kennedy, J., & So, J. (2021) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.63609 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Li, D., Pain, O., Fabbri, C., Wong, W. L. E., Lo, C. W. H., Ripke, S., Cattaneo, A., Souery, D., Dernovšek, M. Z., Henigsberg, N., et al. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03064-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Magarbeh, L., Elsheikh, S. S. M., Islam, F., Marshe, V. S., Men, X., Tavakoli, E., Kronenbuerger, M., Kloiber, S. M., Frey, B. N., Milev, R. V., et al. (2025) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/07067437251329073 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Torres, T., Boloc, D., Rodríguez, N., Blázquez, A., Plana, M. T., Varela, E., Gassó, P., Martínez-Pinteño, A., Lázaro, L., Arnáiz, J. A., et al. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Prediction of treatment-resistant depression using the 23andMe survey data
Vairavan, S., Tian, C., Hinds, D. A., Narayan, V. A., & Li, Q. S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-08460-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Maggioni, E., Fabbri, C., Vai, B., Turtulici, N., Kasper, S., Zohar, J., Souery, D., Montgomery, S., Albani, D., Forloni, G., et al. (2020) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.09.115
Influence of functional gene polymorphisms on human behaviour: the case of CCR5
Albert, P. R. (2021) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.210197
Gorgulho, A. A. (2022) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.5.2022.tde-08042022-123137
Neurobiologie der therapieresistenten Depression (TRD)
Reif, A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65734-8_2
Frodl, T., & Möller, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65734-8_1
Ye, S., Jin, T., Wu, R., Wei, S., Chen, X., Ye, X., Zhao, H., Yin, L., Shang, D., Qi, X., et al. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5365879
Lin, S.-C., Fang, C.-P., Hsu, C.-L., Chung, A.-N., Chen, T.-T., Hsu, K.-H., Yeh, C.-C., Zheng, J., Liu, C.-Y., Wu, C.-S., et al. (2025) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-025-02269-y
Phenotype, Genetics, and Interpretation: Further Considerations on Atypical Depression
Li, Z., & Chen, C.-B. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.03.1004
Ye, S., Jin, T., Wu, R., Wei, S., Chen, X., Ye, X., Zhao, H., Li, Y., Shang, D., Qi, X., et al. (2026) · Journal of Advanced Research · doi:10.1016/j.jare.2026.06.011
Xian, S., Carrell, D., Smoller, J. W., Wei, W., Jarvik, G. P., & Crosslin, D. R. (2026) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2026.1818653
Mathey, C. M., Coenen, M., Cascorbi, I., & Hoffmann, P. (2026) · Medizinische Genetik · doi:10.1515/medgen-2026-3013
Intragenic deletions from whole genome sequencing of 1054 suicide deathsPreprint
Coon, H. H., DiBlasi, E., Nicholas, T. J., Monson, E. T., Ferris, E., Shabalin, A. A., Yefimov, L., Keeshin, B. R., Bakian, A. V., Han, S., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9942744/v1
- Authors
- Fabbri, C., Kasper, S., Kautzky, A., Bartova, L., Dold, M., Zohar, J., Souery, D., Montgomery, S., Albani, D., Raimondi, I., Dikeos, D., Rujescu, D., Uher, R., Lewis, C. M., Mendlewicz, J., & Serretti, A.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Medical University of Vienna (AT)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- University of London (GB)
- Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IT)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- University of Bologna (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Serretti, Alessandro
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2018-11-23
- Volume
- 214
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 36-41
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2901298609
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 0.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Les Laboratories Pierre Fabre
- BrainsWay
- Servier
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Neuraxpharm
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- treatment-resistant depression, major depressive disorder, antidepressant response, genetic predictors, gene sets, cAMP signaling, chromatin silencing, cytoskeleton regulation, calcium signaling, precision medicine, STAR*D, functional enrichment
- MeSH terms
- Genotype, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome-Wide Association Study, Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
