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Cognitive deficits in problematic internet use: meta-analysis of 40 studies

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Ioannidis, Konstantinos, Hook, Roxanne, Goudriaan, Anna E., Vlies, Simon, Fineberg, Naomi A., Grant, Jon E., Chamberlain, Samuel R.·2019·British Journal of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1192/bjp.2019.3PMC PMC6949138

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Excessive use of the internet is increasingly recognised as a global public health concern. Individual studies have reported cognitive impairment in problematic internet use (PIU), but have suffered from various methodological limitations. Confirmation of cognitive deficits in PIU would support the neurobiological plausibility of this disorder. AIMS: To conduct a rigorous meta-analysis of cognitive performance in PIU from case-control studies; and to assess the impact of study quality, the main type of online behaviour (for example gaming) and other parameters on the findings. METHOD: A systematic literature review was conducted of peer-reviewed case-controlled studies comparing cognition in people with PIU (broadly defined) with that of healthy controls. Findings were extracted and subjected to a meta-analysis where at least four publications existed for a given cognitive domain of interest. RESULTS: The meta-analysis comprised 2922 participants across 40 studies. Compared with controls, PIU was associated with significant impairment in inhibitory control (Stroop task Hedge's g = 0.53 (s.e. = 0.19-0.87), stop-signal task g = 0.42 (s.e. = 0.17-0.66), go/no-go task g = 0.51 (s.e. = 0.26-0.75)), decision-making (g = 0.49 (s.e. = 0.28-0.70)) and working memory (g = 0.40 (s.e. = 0.20-0.82)). Whether or not gaming was the predominant type of online behaviour did not significantly moderate the observed cognitive effects; nor did age, gender, geographical area of reporting or the presence of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: PIU is associated with decrements across a range of neuropsychological domains, irrespective of geographical location, supporting its cross-cultural and biological validity. These findings also suggest a common neurobiological vulnerability across PIU behaviours, including gaming, rather than a dissimilar neurocognitive profile for internet gaming disorder. DECLARATION OF INTEREST: S.R.C. consults for Cambridge Cognition and Shire. K.I.'s research activities were supported by Health Education East of England Higher Training Special interest sessions. A.E.G.'s research has been funded by Innovational grant (VIDI-scheme) from ZonMW: (91713354). N.A.F. has received research support from Lundbeck, Glaxo-SmithKline, European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP), Servier, Cephalon, Astra Zeneca, Medical Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health Research, Wellcome Foundation, University of Hertfordshire, EU (FP7) and Shire. N.A.F. has received honoraria for lectures at scientific meetings from Abbott, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Servier, Astra Zeneca, Jazz pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, UK College of Mental Health Pharmacists and British Association for Psychopharmacology (BAP). N.A.F. has received financial support to attend scientific meetings from RANZCP, Shire, Janssen, Lundbeck, Servier, Novartis, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cephalon, International College of Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders, International Society for Behavioral Addiction, CINP, IFMAD, ECNP, BAP, the World Health Organization and the Royal College of Psychiatrists. N.A.F. has received financial royalties for publications from Oxford University Press and payment for editorial duties from Taylor and Francis. J.E.G. reports grants from the National Center for Responsible Gaming, Forest Pharmaceuticals, Takeda, Brainsway, and Roche and others from Oxford Press, Norton, McGraw-Hill and American Psychiatric Publishing outside of the submitted work.

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СТРУКТУРНО-СОДЕРЖАТЕЛЬНЫЕ КОМПОНЕНТЫ ДОВЕРИЯ СТУДЕНЧЕСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ К ИНТЕРНЕТ-КОММУНИКАЦИИ
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Authors: Ioannidis, K., Hook, R., Goudriaan, A. E., Vlies, S., Fineberg, N. A., Grant, J. E., & Chamberlain, S. R.
Affiliations: University of Cambridge (GB)
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust (GB)
University of Hertfordshire (GB)
University of Chicago (US)
Corresponding author: Ioannidis, Konstantinos
ORCID: Ioannidis, Konstantinos
Hook, Roxanne
Goudriaan, Anna E.
Fineberg, Naomi A.
Grant, Jon E.
Chamberlain, Samuel R.
Venue: British Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher: Royal College of Psychiatrists
Published: 2019-02-20
Volume: 215
Issue: 5
Pages: 639-646
ISSN: 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
1472-1465
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.3
PMC: PMC6949138
OpenAlex: W2914811992
Cited by: 246
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 48 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7
FWCI: 5.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Locations: The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (acceptedVersion)
University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Bristol-Myers Squibb
Wellcome Trust (110,049/Z/15/Z, 110049)
Jazz Pharmaceuticals
National Institute for Health and Care Research
Department of Health and Social Care
University of Hertfordshire
ZonMw (91713354)
Universiteit van Amsterdam
European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
Servier
H. Lundbeck A/S
Pritzker School of Medicine
Medical Research Council
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
Keywords: problematic internet use, internet gaming disorder, cognitive impairment, inhibitory control, decision-making, working memory, Stroop task, stop-signal task, go/no-go task, online games, neurobiological vulnerability, cross-cultural validity, comorbidities, case-control study, study quality, cognitive bias modification, cognitive flexibility, executive function
MeSH terms: Internet Use, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, England, Humans, Behavior, Addictive, Internet, Cognitive Dysfunction

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Cognitive deficits in problematic internet use: meta-analysis of 40 studies

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