Comparison of brief dynamic and cognitive-behavioural therapies in avoidant personality disorder
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Background: There is a paucity of controlled trials examining the effectiveness of individual psychotherapy in personality disorders, especially in patients with cluster C disorders. Aims: To compare the effectiveness of brief dynamic therapy and cognitive–behavioural therapy as out-patient treatment for people with avoidant personality disorder. Method: Patients who met the criteria for avoidant personality disorder ( n =62) were randomly assigned to 20 weekly sessions of either brief dynamic therapy ( n =23) or cognitive–behavioural therapy ( n =21), or they were assigned to the waiting-list control group ( n =18). After the waiting period, patients in the control group were randomly assigned to one of the two therapies. Results: Patients who received cognitive–behavioural therapy showed significantly more improvements on a number of measures in comparison with those who had brief dynamic psychotherapy or were in the waiting-list control group. Results were maintained at follow-up. Conclusions: Cognitive–behavioural therapy is more effective than waiting-list control and brief dynamic therapy. Brief dynamic therapy was no better than the waiting-list control condition.
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Prolonged GCBT can be considered as TAU based on Dutch guidelines and earlier studies on SAD with comorbid APD or APD with or without comorbid SAD.
“we feel that prolonged GCBT can be considered as TAU based on Dutch guidelines [13] and earlier studies on SAD with comorbid APD [16] or APD with or without comorbid SAD [84–86].”
From Group schema therapy versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder with comorbid avoidant personality disorder: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. (2016) · cites this paper as [85]
The Abstract describes a trial of 20 weekly CBT sessions for people with avoidant personality disorder, and the Discussion reports favourable CBT outcomes. It therefore supports citing this paper as an earlier APD treatment study, but the therapy was individual, not group CBT; the paper does not establish prolonged GCBT as treatment as usual. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEmmelkamp et al. found greater improvement in 20 sessions of cognitive psychotherapy compared with psychodynamic psychotherapy for avoidant personality disorder.
“Emmelkamp et al. [33] found greater improvement in 20 sessions of cognitive psychotherapy in comparison with psychodynamic psychotherapy for avoidant PD (N=62).”
The few studies indicate that psychotherapies for Cluster-C personality disorders are effective, with little difference between various psychotherapy forms except for the Bamelis et al. and Emmelkamp et al. studies.
“These few studies indicate that psychotherapies for Cluster-C are effective, with, except for the Bamelis et al. and Emmelkamp et al. studies, little differences between the various psychotherapy forms.”
In cluster C personality disorders, Emmelkamp et al found greater improvement with 20 sessions of cognitive therapy compared with psychodynamic psychotherapy.
“Emmelkamp et al demonstrating greater im provement among those offered 20 sessions of cognitive therapy compared to psychodynamic psychotherapy”
From Personality disorder: a new global perspective (2010) · cites this paper as [33]
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“[33] found greater improvement in 20 sessions of cognitive psychotherapy in comparison with psychodynamic psychotherapy for avoidant PD (N=62).”
ResultLa terapia cognitivo-comportamentale contemporanea: teoria, storia ed evidenze empiriche
Thoma, N., Pilecki, B., & McKay, D. (2016) · Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane · doi:10.3280/pu2016-001003
- Authors
- Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Benner, A., Kuipers, A., Feiertag, G. A., Koster, H. C., & van Apeldoorn, F. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- GGZ Noord-Holland-Noord (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Emmelkamp, Paul M. G.
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 189
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60-64
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2123253697
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 8.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- avoidant personality disorder, brief psychodynamic psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, individual psychotherapy, cluster C personality disorders, outpatient care, treatment effectiveness, waitlist control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Brief, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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