Bifrontal, bitemporal and right unilateral electrode placement in ECT: randomised trial
Open accessAbstract
Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for major depression. Optimising efficacy and minimising cognitive impairment are goals of ongoing technical refinements. Aims: To compare the efficacy and cognitive effects of a novel electrode placement, bifrontal, with two standard electrode placements, bitemporal and right unilateral in ECT. Method: This multicentre randomised, double-blind, controlled trial (NCT00069407) was carried out from 2001 to 2006. A total of 230 individuals with major depression, bipolar and unipolar, were randomly assigned to one of three electrode placements during a course of ECT: bifrontal at one and a half times seizure threshold, bitemporal at one and a half times seizure threshold and right unilateral at six times seizure threshold. Results: All three electrode placements resulted in both clinically and statistically significant antidepressant outcomes. Remission rates were 55% (95% CI 43–66%) with right unilateral, 61% with bifrontal (95% CI 50–71%) and 64% (95% CI 53–75%) with bitemporal. Bitemporal resulted in a more rapid decline in symptom ratings over the early course of treatment. Cognitive data revealed few differences between the electrode placements on a variety of neuropsychological instruments. Conclusions: Each electrode placement is a very effective antidepressant treatment when given with appropriate electrical dosing. Bitemporal leads to more rapid symptom reduction and should be considered the preferred placement for urgent clinical situations. The cognitive profile of bifrontal is not substantially different from that of bitemporal.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Neurostimulatory treatments such as ECT, TMS, or deep brain stimulation can be effective to some extent, but none are 100% effective.
“Patients who fail repeated medication trials, hospitalisation, and psychotherapy sometimes go on to try neurostimulatory treatments, such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), or deep brain stimulation, all of which can be effective to some extent; but none are 100% effective.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282 · see citing works
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,010 · see citing works
Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589 · see citing works
Older Adults' Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place
Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Wouters, E. (2015) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000430949 · Cited by 19,803 · see citing works
Sensitivity and False Alarm Rate of a Fall Sensor in Long-Term Fall Detection in the Elderly
Kangas, M., Korpelainen, R., Vikman, I., Nyberg, L., & Jämsä, T. J. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362720 · Cited by 19,003 · see citing works
Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
Stroop, J. R. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054651 · Cited by 18,622 · see citing works
(1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8,899 · see citing works
A compendium of neuropsychological tests: administration, norms, and commentary
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.29-2400 · Cited by 6,117 · see citing works
A Compendium of Neuropsychological Tests: Administration, Norms, and Commentary
Levin, H. S. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540050007005 · Cited by 4,793 · see citing works
L’examen Clinique en Psychologie
Rubé, P. (1959) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1959.13.4.989 · Cited by 3,343 · see citing works
Stroop Color and Word Test: Manual for Clinical and Experimental Uses.
Golden, C. J., Golden, C. J., & Golden, C. (1978) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 1,814 · see citing works
(2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12705-5 · Cited by 1,706 · see citing works
(2018) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781506326139.n404 · Cited by 1,538 · see citing works
Shunk, A. W., Davis, A. S., & Dean, R. S. (2006) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/s15324826an1304_9 · Cited by 1,528 · see citing works
Sackeïm, H. A., Prudic, J., Devanand, D. P., Kiersky, J. E., Fitzsimons, L., Moody, B. J., McElhiney, M. C., Coleman, E. A., & Settembrino, J. M. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199303253281204 · Cited by 940 · see citing works
Clare, A. (2012) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203714935-12 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
Sackeïm, H. A., Prudic, J., Devanand, D. P., Nobler, M. S., Lisanby, S. H., Peyser, S., Fitzsimons, L., Moody, B. J., & Clark, J. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.5.425 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Sackeim, H. A., Prudic, J., Nobler, M. S., Fitzsimons, L., Lisanby, S. H., Payne, N., Berman, R. M., Brakemeier, E.-L., Perera, T., & Devanand, D. P. (2008) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2008.03.001 · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Psychological examination of traumatic encephalopathy
Corwin, J., & Bylsma, F. (1993) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854049308401883 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
ECT Remission Rates in Psychotic Versus Nonpsychotic Depressed Patients: A Report from CORE
Petrides, G., Fink, M., Husain, M. M., Knapp, R. G., Rush, A. J., Mueller, M., Rummans, T. A., O’Connor, K. M., Rasmussen, K. G., Bernstein, H. J., et al. (2001) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/00124509-200112000-00003 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Self-citationKellner, C. H., Knapp, R. G., Petrides, G., Rummans, T. A., Husain, M. M., Rasmussen, K., Mueller, M., Bernstein, H. J., O’Connor, K., Smith, G., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.12.1337 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Self-citationMultilingual Aphasia Examination
Patterson, J. P. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_900-3 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Titrated Moderately Suprathreshold vs Fixed High-Dose Right Unilateral Electroconvulsive Therapy
McCall, W. V., Reboussin, D. M., Weiner, R. D., & Sackeïm, H. A. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.5.438 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Localisation of Cerebral Lesions by Psychological Testing
Taylor, L. B. (1969) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1093/neurosurgery/16.cn_suppl_1.269 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
The Practice of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Recommendations for Treatment, Training, and Privileging
Abrams, R. (1992) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199201000-00028 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Convulsive therapy : theory and practice
Fink, M. (1979) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Self-citationUnilateral electroconvulsive therapy
D'Elia, G. (1971) · Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin · doi:10.1136/dtb.9.11.41 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Predictors of retrograde amnesia following ECT
Sobin, C. A., Sackeïm, H. A., Prudic, J., Devanand, D. P., Moody, B. J., & McElhiney, M. C. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.995 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Allen, D. N., & Haderlie, M. (2010) · The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy1003 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Singer, B. H. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences · doi:10.1002/0471667196.ess1502.pub3 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Abrams, R. (2002) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195148206.001.0001 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Unilateral Electro-Convulsive Therapy
Lancaster, N. P., Steinert, R. R., & Frost, I. (1958) · Journal of Mental Science · doi:10.1192/bjp.104.434.221 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Comparison of Bifrontal and Bitemporal ECT for Major Depression
Bailine, S. H., Rifkin, A. E., Kayne, E., Selzer, J. A., Vital-Herne, J., Blieka, M., & Pollack, S. Z. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.157.1.121 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationRey, A., & Osterrieth, P. A. (1993) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Shock therapy: a history of electroconvulsive treatment in mental illness
Shorter, E., & Healy, D. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-4420 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Therapeutic advantage of bifrontal electrode placement in ECT
Letemendia, F. J. J., Delva, N. J., Rodenburg, M., Lawson, J. S., Inglis, J., Waldron, J. J., & Lywood, D. W. (1993) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700028452 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Fink, M., & Taylor, M. A. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.3.330 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationConvulsive Therapy: Theory and Practice
Sharpley, P. H. (1979) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.136.11.1489 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Memory and ECT: From Polarization to Reconciliation
Sackeïm, H. A. (2000) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/00124509-200006000-00001 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Electroconvulsive Therapy, 4th ed.
PRIDMORE, S. A. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.3.643 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
McCall, W. V., Dunn, A. G., Rosenquist, P. B., & Hughes, D. (2002) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/00124509-200209000-00003 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Strategies to Minimize Cognitive Side Effects With ECT
Prudic, J. (2008) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0b013e31815ef238 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Electroshock : restoring the mind
Fink, M. (1999) · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationElectroshock: Restoring the Mind
Gabriel, A. N. (2000) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.12.1.114 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Remission of Major Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder After a Single Unilateral ECT
Thomas, S. G., & Kellner, C. H. (2003) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/00124509-200303000-00011 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationRecovery from depression after one ECT
Rich, C. L. (1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.8.1010b · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Exceptionally high seizure threshold: ECT device limitations.
Lisanby, S. H., Devanand, D. P., Nobler, M. S., Prudic, J., Mullen, L., & Sackeim, H. A. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Comparison of fronto‐frontal and temporo‐parietal unilateral ECT
D'Elia, G., Frederiksen, S. O., Raotma, H., & Widepalm, K. (1977) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb03566.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
UNIDIRECTIONAL ELECTROSTIMULATED CONVULSIVE THERAPY
Friedman, E. (1942) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.99.2.218 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Successful treatment of an unidentified patient with one ECT
Keisling, R. (1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.1.148a · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 52 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JBW. Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV Disorders -Patient Edition (SCID-I/P, Version 2.0). Biometrics Research Department, 1995.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Malhi, G. S., Bassett, D., Boyce, P., Bryant, R., Fitzgerald, P. B., Fritz, K., Hopwood, M., Lyndon, B., Mulder, R., Murray, G., et al. (2015) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867415617657 · Cited by 842 · see citing works
“Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(12) study failed to show a cognitive advantage for bifrontal ECT (Kellner et al., 2010) though the large amount of missing cognitive data in this study makes the findings difficult to interpret.”
BackgroundInfluentialMilev, R. V., Giacobbe, P., Kennedy, S. H., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, Z. J., Downar, J., Modirrousta, M., Patry, S., Vila-Rodriguez, F., Lam, R. W., et al. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716660033 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Parikh, S. V., Quilty, L. C., Ravitz, P., Rosenbluth, M., Pavlova, B., Grigoriadis, S., Velyvis, V., Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W., MacQueen, G. M., et al. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716659418 · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Prognosis and improved outcomes in major depression: a review
Kraus, C., Kadriu, B., Lanzenberger, R., Zarate, C. A., & Kasper, S. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0460-3 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Espinoza, R. T., & Kellner, C. H. (2022) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2034954 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Self-citationRelapse Following Successful Electroconvulsive Therapy for Major Depression: A Meta-Analysis
Jelovac, A., Kolshus, E., & McLoughlin, D. M. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.149 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Right unilateral ultrabrief pulse ECT in geriatric depression: phase 1 of the pride study
Kellner, C. H., Husain, M. M., Knapp, R. G., McCall, W. V., Petrides, G., Rudorfer, M. V., Young, R. C., Sampson, S., McClintock, S. M., Mueller, M., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15081101 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Self-citationWhen to consider electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Kellner, C. H., Obbels, J., & Sienaert, P. (2020) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.13134 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Self-citationSchoeyen, H. K., Kessler, U., Andreassen, O. A., Auestad, B. H., Bergsholm, P., Malt, U. F., Morken, G., Oedegaard, K. J., & Vaaler, A. (2015) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13111517 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Kayser, S., Bewernick, B. H., Grubert, C., Hadrysiewicz, B. L., Axmacher, N., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.09.008 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Semkovska, M., Landau, S., Dunne, R. A., Kolshus, E., Kavanagh, A., Jelovac, A., Noone, M., Carton, M., Lambe, S., McHugh, C., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.15030372 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Weiss, A., Hussain, S., Ng, B., Sarma, S., Tiller, J., Waite, S., & Loo, C. (2019) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867419839139 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Abbott, C., Lemke, N. T., Gopal, S., Thoma, R. J., Bustillo, J., Calhoun, V. D., & Turner, J. A. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00010 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Kolshus, E., Jelovac, A., & McLoughlin, D. M. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716002737 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Multifactorial Determinants of the Neurocognitive Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy
McClintock, S. M., Choi, J., Deng, Z., Appelbaum, L. G., Krystal, A. D., & Lisanby, S. H. (2014) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000137 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationSomatic Treatments for Mood Disorders
Rosa, M. A., & Lisanby, S. H. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.225 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
McGirr, A., Berlim, M. T., Bond, D. J., Neufeld, N. H., Chan, P. Y., Yatham, L. N., & Lam, R. W. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.01.003 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Blumberger, D. M., Mulsant, B. H., Fitzgerald, P. B., Rajji, T. K., Ravindran, A. V., Young, L. T., Levinson, A. J., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2012) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.579163 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Dunne, R. A., & McLoughlin, D. M. (2011) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.615863 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Ekstrand, J., Fattah, C., Persson, M., Cheng, T., Nordanskog, P., Åkeson, J., Tingström, A., Lindström, M. B., Nordenskjöld, A., & Movahed Rad, P. (2022) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyab088 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Lee, W. H., Deng, Z., Kim, T., Laine, A. F., Lisanby, S. H., & Peterchev, A. V. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.10.029 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Merkl, A., Schubert, F., Quante, A., Luborzewski, A., Brakemeier, E., Grimm, S., Heuser, I., & Bajbouj, M. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.08.009 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
What was learned: studies by the consortium for research in<scp>ECT</scp>(<scp>CORE</scp>) 1997–2011
Fink, M. (2014) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12251 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence‐based treatment strategies for treatment‐resistant bipolar depression: a systematic review
Sienaert, P. A., Lambrichts, L., Dols, A., & Fruyt, J. D. (2012) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12026 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Autobiographical Memory and Electroconvulsive Therapy
Sackeïm, H. A. (2014) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000117 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Elderly: New Findings in Geriatric Depression
Geduldig, E. T., & Kellner, C. H. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0674-5 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationBrunoni, A. R., Baeken, C., Machado‐Vieira, R., Gattaz, W. F., & Vanderhasselt, M. (2014) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2014.892633 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Liang, C., Chung, C., Ho, P., Tsai, C., & Chien, W. (2017) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12589 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lee, W. H., Lisanby, S. H., Laine, A. F., & Peterchev, A. V. (2016) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.03.003 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
van Schaik, A. M., Comijs, H. C., Sonnenberg, C., Beekman, A. T. F., Sienaert, P. A., & Stek, M. L. (2011) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/jgp.0b013e31820dcbf9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Loo, C. K. A., Katalinic, N., Mitchell, P. B., & Greenberg, B. D. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.08.017 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Fitzgerald, P. B., Hoy, K. E., Herring, S. E., Clinton, A. M., Downey, G., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2013) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22005 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Electrode Placement in Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): A Review of the Literature
Kellner, C. H., Tobias, K. G., & Wiegand, J. (2010) · The Journal of ECT · doi:10.1097/yct.0b013e3181e48154 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationElectroconvulsive Therapy and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review
Ali, S., Mathur, N., Malhotra, A. K., & Braga, R. J. (2019) · Complex Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000497376 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Phutane, V. H., Thirthalli, J., Muralidharan, K., Kumar, C. N., Kumar, J. K., & Gangadhar, B. N. (2012) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2012.04.002 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Kessler, U., Schoeyen, H. K., Andreassen, O. A., Eide, G. E., Malt, U. F., Oedegaard, K. J., Morken, G., Sundet, K., & Vaaler, A. E. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13m08960 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Electroconvulsive therapy for depression: 80 years of progress
Kirov, G., Jauhar, S., Sienaert, P. A., Kellner, C. H., & McLoughlin, D. M. (2021) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2021.37 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationSystematic Review of Cognitive Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Late-Life Depression
Kumar, S., Mulsant, B. H., Liu, A. Y., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, Z. J., & Rajji, T. K. (2016) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.02.053 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Depression and Its Potential Mechanism
Li, M., Yao, X., Sun, L., Zhao, L., Xu, W., Zhao, H., Zhao, F., Zou, X., Cheng, Z., Li, B., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00080 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Current Practices of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Mental Disorders
Landry, M., Moreno, A., Patry, S., Potvin, S., & Lemasson, M. (2020) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000723 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Verwijk, E., Comijs, H. C., Kok, R., Spaans, H., Tielkes, C. E. M., Scherder, E., & Stek, M. L. (2013) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610213001932 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Electroconvulsive Therapy: Mechanisms of Action, Clinical Considerations, and Future Directions
Kritzer, M. D., Peterchev, A. V., & Camprodon, J. A. (2023) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000365 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Using ECT in schizophrenia: A review from a clinical perspective
Zervas, I. M., Theleritis, C. G., & Soldatos, C. R. (2011) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2011.564653 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Kaster, T. S., Vigod, S. N., Gomes, T., Sutradhar, R., Wijeysundera, D. N., & Blumberger, D. M. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00168-1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Vasavada, M. M., Leaver, A. M., Njau, S., Joshi, S. H., Ercoli, L., Hellemann, G., Narr, K. L., & Espinoza, R. (2017) · The Journal of ECT · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000426 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Treatment of catatonia in autism spectrum disorders
Wachtel, L. E. (2018) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12980 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Electroconvulsive therapy, electric field, neuroplasticity, and clinical outcomes
Deng, Z., Árgyelán, M., Miller, J., Quinn, D. K., Lloyd, M., Jones, T. R., Upston, J., Erhardt, E. B., McClintock, S. M., & Abbott, C. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01380-y · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationBjølseth, T. M., Engedal, K., Benth, J. Š., Dybedal, G. S., Gaarden, T. L., & Tanum, L. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.054 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Dols, A., Bouckaert, F., Sienaert, P. A., Rhebergen, D., Vansteelandt, K., ten Kate, M., Winter, F. D., Comijs, H. C., Emsell, L., Oudega, M. L., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.09.005 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Sienaert, P. A. (2011) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371105600103 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
A review of ultrabrief pulse width electroconvulsive therapy
Loo, C. K. A., Katalinic, N., Martin, D. M., & Schweitzer, I. (2011) · Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease · doi:10.1177/2040622311432493 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Kaster, T. S., Blumberger, D. M., Gomes, T., Sutradhar, R., Wijeysundera, D. N., & Vigod, S. N. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00077-3 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Modulation of Intrinsic Brain Activity by Electroconvulsive Therapy in Major Depression
Leaver, A. M., Espinoza, R. T., Pirnia, T., Joshi, S. H., Woods, R. P., & Narr, K. L. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2015.09.001 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Heijnen, W. T. C. J., Kamperman, A. M., Tjokrodipo, L. D., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., van den Broek, W. W., & Birkenhäger, T. K. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.014 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Electroconvulsive therapy in treatment resistant depression
Subramanian, S., Lopez, R., Zorumski, C. F., & Cristancho, P. (2021) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2021.120095 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Loh, N., Nickl‐Jockschat, T., Sheldrick, A. J., & Grözinger, M. (2012) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2012.665176 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
A Review of Brain Stimulation Treatments for Late-Life Depression
Blumberger, D. M., Hsu, J. H., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2015) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-015-0059-0 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Peterchev, A. V., Krystal, A. D., Rosa, M. A., & Lisanby, S. H. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.122 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Deng, Z., Luber, B. M., McClintock, S. M., Weiner, R. D., Husain, M. M., & Lisanby, S. H. (2023) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4599 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Self-citationMoirand, R., Galvão, F., Lecompte, M., Poulet, E., Haesebaert, F., & Brunelin, J. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.022 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Leaver, A. M., Vasavada, M. M., Joshi, S. H., Wade, B., Woods, R. P., Espinoza, R. T., & Narr, K. L. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.09.021 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Bai, S., Loo, C. K. A., Abed, A. A., & Dokos, S. (2011) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2011.07.004 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Evaluation of cumulative cognitive deficits from electroconvulsive therapy
Kirov, G., Owen, L., Ballard, H., Leighton, A., Hannigan, K., Llewellyn, D., Escott‐Price, V., & Atkins, M. (2016) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.158261 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Prognosis and Improved Outcomes in Major Depression: A Review
Kraus, C., Kadriu, B., Lanzenberger, R. R., Zarate, C. A., & Kasper, S. F. (2020) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.18205 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Parsing the Network Mechanisms of Electroconvulsive Therapy
Leaver, A. M., Espinoza, R. T., Wade, B., & Narr, K. L. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.11.016 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Neuromodulation Therapies for Geriatric Depression
Gálvez, V., Ho, K.-A., Alonzo, A., Martin, D. M., George, D., & Loo, C. K. A. (2015) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-015-0592-y · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Dembo, J., Schuklenk, U., & Reggler, J. (2018) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743718766055 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Gálvez, V., Alonzo, A., Martin, D. M., & Loo, C. K. A. (2012) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145712000041 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Neuromodulation for treatment-refractory major depressive disorder
Lipsman, N., Sankar, T., Downar, J. H., Kennedy, S. H., Lozano, A. M., & Giacobbe, P. (2013) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.121317 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
The Clinical Alliance and Research in Electroconvulsive Therapy Network
Martin, D. M., Gálvez, V., Lauf, S., Dong, V., Baily, S. A., Cardoner, N., Chan, H. N., Davidson, D., Fam, J., Felice, N. D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000435 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
van Oostrom, I., van Eijndhoven, P., Butterbrod, E., van Beek, M. H., Janzing, J., Donders, R., Schene, A. H., & Tendolkar, I. (2018) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000483 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Nuninga, J. O., Claessens, T. F. I., Somers, M., Mandl, R., Nieuwdorp, W., Boks, M. P., Bakker, S., Begemann, M. J. H., Heringa, S., & Sommer, I. E. C. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.040 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Use of ECT and MST in treating depression
Allan, C. L., & Ebmeier, K. P. (2011) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2011.614223 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Martin, D. M., Katalinic, N., Ingram, A., Schweitzer, I., Smith, D. J., Hadži-Pavlović, D., & Loo, C. K. A. (2013) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.08.021 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
ECT-induced cognitive side effects are associated with hippocampal enlargement
Árgyelán, M., Lencz, T., Kang, S., Ali, S., Masi, P. J., Moyett, E., Joanlanne, A., Watson, P., Sanghani, S. N., Petrides, G., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01641-y · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationSpeed of response in ultrabrief and brief pulse width right unilateral ECT
Loo, C. K. A., Garfield, J. B. B., Katalinic, N., Schweitzer, I., & Hadži-Pavlović, D. (2012) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145712000806 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Cognitive Side-effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Elderly Depressed Patients
Dybedal, G. S., Tanum, L., Sundet, K. S., Gaarden, T. L., & Bjølseth, T. M. (2014) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2014.958536 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Blumberger, D. M., Seitz, D. P., Herrmann, N., Kirkham, J. G., Ng, R., Reimer, C. L., Kurdyak, P. A., Gruneir, A., Rapoport, M. J., Daskalakis, Z. J., et al. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12815 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Chan, C. Y. W., Abdin, E., Seow, E., Subramaniam, M., Liu, J., Peh, C. X., & Tor, P. C. (2019) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12855 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Electroconvulsive therapy in children and adolescents
Shoirah, H., & Hamoda, H. M. (2010) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.10.178 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Role of Electroconvulsive and Neuromodulation Therapies in the Treatment of Geriatric Depression
Riva‐Posse, P., Hermida, A. P., & McDonald, W. M. (2013) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2013.08.007 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Electroconvulsive Therapy Pulse Amplitude and Clinical Outcomes
Abbott, C., Quinn, D. K., Miller, J., Ye, E., Iqbal, S., Lloyd, M., Jones, T. R., Upston, J., Deng, Z., Erhardt, E. B., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.06.008 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationExpanded Safety and Efficacy Data for a New Method of Performing Electroconvulsive Therapy
Sahlem, G. L., Short, E. B., Kerns, S., Snipes, J. M., DeVries, W. H., Fox, J. B., Burns, C. A., Schmidt, M., Nahas, Z. H., George, M. S., et al. (2016) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000328 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Regenold, W. T., Noorani, R. J., Piez, D. A., & Patel, P. (2015) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2015.06.011 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Searching for the Mechanism(s) of ECT’s Therapeutic Effect
McCall, W. V., Andrade, C., & Sienaert, P. A. (2014) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000121 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Kolshus, E., Ryan, K. M., Blackshields, G., Smyth, P. C., Sheils, O. M., & McLoughlin, D. M. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12821 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Factors Associated With Delirium Following Electroconvulsive Therapy
Tsujii, T., Uchida, T., Suzuki, T., Mimura, M., Hirano, J., & Uchida, H. (2019) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000606 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Roepke, S., Luborzewski, A., Schindler, F., Quante, A., Anghelescu, I. G., Heuser, I., & Bajbouj, M. (2010) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0b013e3181e63302 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Deng, Z., Lisanby, S. H., & Peterchev, A. V. (2013) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.10.1097/yct.0b013e3182a4b4a7 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Bai, S., Gálvez, V., Dokos, S., Martin, D. M., Bikson, M., & Loo, C. K. A. (2017) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.09.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Introducing Magnetic Seizure Therapy: A Novel Therapy for Treatment Resistant Depression
Hoy, K. E., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.481278 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Neuromodulation Treatments for Geriatric Mood and Cognitive Disorders
McDonald, W. M. (2016) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2016.08.014 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Electroconvulsive Therapy in Children and Adolescents
Døssing, E., & Pagsberg, A. K. (2021) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000761 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dybedal, G. S., Tanum, L., Sundet, K. S., & Bjølseth, T. M. (2015) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2015.1050457 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Electroconvulsive Therapy and Associated Cognitive Change in Schizophrenia
Tor, P.-C., Ying, J., Ho, N. F., Wang, M., Martin, D. M., Ang, C. P., Tan, C., Yap, L. S., Lu, V. J. M., Simpson, B., et al. (2017) · Journal of Ect · doi:10.1097/yct.0000000000000422 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Efficacy and Safety of Neuromodulation Treatments in Late-Life Depression
van Rooij, S. J. H., Riva‐Posse, P., & McDonald, W. M. (2020) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-020-00216-w · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Noninvasive neuromodulation of the prefrontal cortex in mental health disorders
Regenold, W. T., Deng, Z., & Lisanby, S. H. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01094-3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
McInerney, S. J., McNeely, H. E., Geraci, J., Giacobbe, P., Rizvi, S. J., Ceniti, A. K., Cyriac, A., Mayberg, H. S., Lozano, A. M., & Kennedy, S. H. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00074 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Kaster, T. S., Goldbloom, D. S., Daskalakis, Z. J., Mulsant, B. H., & Blumberger, D. M. (2017) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2017.10.009 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Lv, Q., Hu, Q., Zhang, W., Huang, X., Zhu, M., Geng, R., Cheng, X., Bao, C., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., et al. (2020) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyaa003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kellner, C. H., Knapp, R., Husain, M. M., Rasmussen, K., Sampson, S., Cullum, M., McClintock, S. M., Tobias, K. G., Martino, C., Mueller, M., Bailine, S. H., Fink, M., & Petrides, G.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School (US)
- Northwell Health (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kellner, Charles H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 196
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 226-234
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- PMC
- PMC2830057
- OpenAlex
- W2149516065
- Cited by
- 432
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 19.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- AstraZeneca
- National Institute of Mental Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Keywords
- electroconvulsive therapy, electrode placement, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, seizure threshold, antidepressant efficacy, cognitive impairment, neuropsychological outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Double-Blind Method, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Electrodes, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Remission Induction, Seizures, Severity of Illness Index, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
