Examining interactions between risk factors for psychosis
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: For complex multifactorial diseases it seems likely that co-exposure to two risk factors will show a greater than additive relationship on disease risk. AIMS: To test whether greater than additive relationships occur between risk factors for psychosis. METHOD: A cohort study of 50 053 Swedish conscripts. Data on IQ, cannabis use, psychiatric diagnoses, disturbed behaviour and social relations assessed at age 18 were linked to admissions with any non-affective psychoses over a 27-year follow-up period. Statistical interactions between risk factors were examined under both additive and multiplicative models. RESULTS: There was some evidence of interaction for eight of the ten combinations of risk factors under additive models, but for only one combination under multiplicative models. CONCLUSIONS: Multiplicative models describe the joint effect of risk factors more adequately than additive ones do. However, the implications of finding interactions as observed here, or for most interactions reported to date, remain very limited.
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Such patterns of risk for co-exposure to two risk factors are the norm in multifactorial complex diseases.
“Although such findings could help inform which individuals are at higher risk of psychosis, such patterns of risk for co-exposure to two risk factors are the norm in multifactorial complex diseases (45,46).”
From Association Between Cannabis and Psychosis: Epidemiologic Evidence (2016) · cites this paper as [46]
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- Authors
- Zammit, S., Lewis, G., Dalman, C., & Allebeck, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Bristol (GB)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Zammit, Stanley
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2010-09
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 207-211
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2059662415
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- psychosis, psychosis risk factors, gene-environment interaction, multiplicative interaction model, IQ, cannabis use, psychiatric diagnosis, behavioral problems, interpersonal relationships, non-affective psychosis, conscripts
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Sweden, Models, Statistical, Causality, Young Adult
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