Economic evaluation of the anti-stigma social marketing campaign in England 2009-2011
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence on the economic impact of social marketing anti-stigma campaigns in relation to people with mental illness is limited. AIMS: To describe the economic impact of the Time to Change (TTC) anti-stigma social marketing campaign, including the potential effects on the wider economy. METHOD: Data collected for the evaluation of TTC were combined with the social marketing campaign expenditure data to investigate differences in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to campaign awareness. To evaluate the return on investment, we applied a decision model that estimated the impact on employment for people with depression. RESULTS: Based on average national social marketing campaign costs, the economic benefits outweighed costs even if the campaign resulted in only 1% more people with depression accessing services and gaining employment if they experienced a health improvement. The cost per person with improved intended behaviour was at most £ 4 if we assume the campaign was responsible for 50% of the change. Costs associated with improved knowledge and attitudes, however, were more variable. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the TTC anti-stigma social marketing campaign is a potentially cost-effective and low-cost intervention for reducing the impact of stigma on people with mental health problems.
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The median ROI for health promotion interventions was 2.2.
“The median ROI was 2.2 (range 0.712 to 6.213).”
From Return on investment of public health interventions: a systematic review (2017) · cites this paper as [12]
The Return on investment section reports scenario-dependent returns for one anti-stigma campaign, not a median ROI across health promotion interventions. Searches for the median of 2.2 and the stated range found no matching passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe same approach was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of the Time to Change anti-stigma campaign in England and found the campaign cost per person with improved intended behaviour was estimated at £4.
“This approach was subsequently also used to assess the cost-effectiveness of the Time to Change anti-stigma campaign in England and found that the campaign cost per person with improved intended behaviour was estimated at £4. 239”
From The Lancet Commission on ending stigma and discrimination in mental health (2022) · cites this paper as [239]
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- Authors
- Evans-Lacko, S., Henderson, C., Thornicroft, G., & McCrone, P.
- Corresponding author
- Henderson, Claire
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 202
- Issue
- s55
- Pages
- s95-s101
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2093662206
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 13.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust
- Comic Relief
- Maudsley Charity
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0606-1053, NF-SI-0611-10053)
- King's College London
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Public Health Policies and Education
- Keywords
- anti-stigma campaigns, social marketing, mental health stigma, cost-effectiveness, return on investment, depression, employment, access to mental health care
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Cost-Benefit Analysis, England, Health Promotion, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Middle Aged, Models, Economic, Social Marketing, Social Stigma
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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