The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efficacy of cognitive bias modification interventions in anxiety and depression: Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background: Cognitive bias modification (CBM) interventions are strongly advocated in research and clinical practice. Aims: To examine the efficiency of CBM for clinically relevant outcomes, along with study quality, publication bias and potential moderators. Method: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBM interventions that reported clinically relevant outcomes assessed with standardised instruments. Results: We identified 49 trials and grouped outcomes into anxiety and depression. Effect sizes were small considering all the samples, and mostly non-significant for patient samples. Effect sizes became non-significant when outliers were excluded and after adjustment for publication bias. The quality of the RCTs was suboptimal. Conclusions: CBM may have small effects on mental health problems, but it is also very well possible that there are no significant clinically relevant effects. Research in this field is hampered by small and low-quality trials, and by risk of publication bias. Many positive outcomes are driven by extreme outliers.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, while such training has robust effects upon attentional or interpretation bias per se , studies tend to show small effect sizes on anxiety symptoms in clinical samples 255,256 .”
From The clinical characterization of the adult patient with an anxiety or related disorder aimed at personalization of management (2021) · cites this paper as [255]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although the evidence for the efficacy of ApBM for nonclinical samples is inconclusive (Boffo et al., 2019; Cristea et al., 2015; Wiers et al., 2018)”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Cristea et al., 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“While CBM's efficacy among nonclinical samples is inconsistent (Boffo et al., 2019; Cristea et al., 2015; Wiers et al., 2018), there are particularly promising findings in clinical contexts as clients are motivated to change their thoughts and behavior (Wiers et al., 2018).”
From Acceptability and Co-Development of an Online Cognitive Bias Modification Intervention for Emerging Adults With Hazardous Alcohol Use and Social Anxiety: A Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as Cristea et al., 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Unfortunately, some projects have been limited by small sample sizes and poor trial methodology [20–23].”
In the citing paper
“A possibility of some effect of CBM-I was suggested, however, not at the level that would match initial enthusiasm.”
From Cognitive neuropsychological theory of antidepressant action: a modern-day approach to depression and its treatment (2021) · cites this paper as Cristea et al. 2015
In the citing paper
“a more recent meta-analysis (Cristea et al. 2015) failed to support this treatment effect, in particular in case of CBM-A.”
From Cognitive neuropsychological theory of antidepressant action: a modern-day approach to depression and its treatment (2021) · cites this paper as Cristea et al. 2015
In the citing paper
“Although these approaches have been shown to effectively retrain biases, estimates of the effects on clinical outcomes in adults are modest [108].”
From Positive and Negative Emotion Regulation in Adolescence: Links to Anxiety and Depression (2019) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“However, this cooccurrence is not consistently found [7], and conclusions are complicated by methodological issues (e.g., differing outcome measures, confounding variables, low-quality studies, publication bias) [9,79].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [9]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials
Higgins, J. P. T., Altman, D. G., Gotzsche, P. C., Juni, P., Moher, D., Oxman, A. D., Savovic, J., Schulz, K. F., Weeks, L., Sterne, J. A. C., et al. (2011) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.d5928 · Cited by 33,817
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099
CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
the CONSORT Group, Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-18 · Cited by 13,371
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 80 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Higgins, 2011, Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011)
- 10.1037/a0013642 · DOI
- 10.1017/S0033291711002480 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 552
Werle, D., Sablottny, L., Tuschen‐Caffier, B., & Svaldi, J. (2024) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2024.107284 · Cited by 12
Godara, M., Sánchez-López, Á., & Raedt, R. D. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103434 · Cited by 12
Early childhood experiences and cognitive risk factors for anxiety symptoms among college students
Taylor, D. L., Espeleta, H. C., Kraft, J. D., & Grant, D. M. (2019) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2019.1664552 · Cited by 10
Bovy, L., Ikani, N., van de Kraats, L., Dresler, M., Tendolkar, I., & Vrijsen, J. N. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-25379-9 · Cited by 10
Attachment-related attention bias plays a causal role in trust in maternal support
Bosmans, G., Sánchez-López, Á., Finet, C., & Raedt, R. D. (2019) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2019.04.017 · Cited by 12
A systematic review of treatments targeting cognitive biases in socially anxious adolescents
Biagianti, B., Conelea, C. A., Brambilla, P., & Bernstein, G. A. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.12.002 · Cited by 10
Nuijs, M. D., Larsen, H., Bögels, S. M., Wiers, R. W. H. J., & Salemink, E. (2019) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101545 · Cited by 10
Baker, A. W., Hellberg, S. N., Jacoby, R. J., Losiewicz, O. M., Orr, S. P., Marques, L. M., & Simon, N. M. (2020) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101568 · Cited by 10
Neural correlates of cognitive bias modification for interpretation
Sakaki, K., Nozawa, T., Ikeda, S., & Kawashima, R. (2020) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa026 · Cited by 17
Development of Personality across the Life Span
Atherton, O. E., Donnellan, M. B., & Robins, R. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.017 · Cited by 15
Duque, A., López‐Gómez, I., Blanco, I., & Vázquez, C. (2015) · Terapia psicológica · doi:10.4067/s0718-48082015000200005 · Cited by 14
Britton, G., & Bailey, H. J. (2018) · UWL Repository (University of West London) · Cited by 10
The regulatory role of attention in PTSD from an information processing perspective
Bardeen, J. R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816022-0.00011-9 · Cited by 10
Beard, C., Beckham, E. E., Solomon, A., Fenley, A. R., & Pincus, D. B. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.09.005 · Cited by 9
Targeting anxiety sensitivity as a prevention strategy
Schmidt, N. B., Allan, N. P., Knapp, A. A., & Capron, D. W. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813495-5.00008-5 · Cited by 9
Vigilance: A novel conditioned fear response that resists extinction
Armstrong, T., Engel, M., & Dalmaijer, E. S. (2022) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2022.108401 · Cited by 11
Evidence for the embodiment of the automatic approach bias
Solzbacher, J., Czeszumski, A., Walter, S., & Peter König, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.797122 · Cited by 10
Trait anxiety affects attentional bias to emotional stimuli across time: A growth curve analysis
Xing, C., Zhang, Y., Lü, H., Zhu, X., & Miao, D. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.972892 · Cited by 9
Effects of an Appearance-Focused Interpretation Training Intervention on Eating Disorder Symptoms
Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2018) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465818000164 · Cited by 9
Interpreting and responding to ambiguous natural images in spider phobia
Haberkamp, A., Schmidt, F., Biafora, M., & Schmidt, T. (2019) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101495 · Cited by 11
Nishiguchi, Y., Sakamoto, J., Kunisato, Y., & Takano, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02447 · Cited by 9
Edwards, C. B., Portnow, S., Namaky, N., & Teachman, B. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-018-9922-9 · Cited by 8
Anxiety-linked attentional bias: backward glances and future glimpses
MacLeod, C. (2018) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2018.1551190 · Cited by 9
Low working memory load facilitates attention bias modification training
Yap, D. L., Denefrio, S., & Dennis‐Tiwary, T. A. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103828 · Cited by 8
Gradi, N., Chopin, A., Bavelier, D., Shechner, T., & Pichon, S. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-05515-7 · Cited by 12
Approach–Avoidance Theories of Personality
Corr, P. J., & Krupıć, D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.025 · Cited by 12
Tonta, K. E., Howell, J. A., Boyes, M. E., McEvoy, P. M., & Hasking, P. A. (2023) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101856 · Cited by 8
Caprara, G. V., & Vecchione, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.038 · Cited by 9
Single-Session Attention Bias Modification Training in Victims of Work-Related Accidents
Buodo, G., Patron, E., Benvenuti, S. M., & Palomba, D. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01619 · Cited by 10
Biased interpretation in paranoia and its modification
Savulich, G., Edwards, A., Assadi, S., Guven, H., Leathers-Smith, E., Shergill, S. S., & Yiend, J. (2020) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101575 · Cited by 8
Godara, M., Sánchez-López, Á., & Raedt, R. D. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104354 · Cited by 8
Klonteig, S., Roalsø, E. S., Kraft, B., Moberget, T., Hilland, E., Mirtaheri, P., & Jonassen, R. (2025) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102036 · Cited by 7
Bovy, L., Möbius, M., Dresler, M., Fernández, G., Sanfey, A. G., Becker, E. S., & Tendolkar, I. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-37308-w · Cited by 7
Chen, R., Zheng, J., Li, T., Zhang, Q., Li, C., & Cui, L. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01094-4 · Cited by 7
Conceptual and Historical Perspectives
Cloninger, S. C. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.004 · Cited by 8
Blankers, M., Salemink, E., & Wiers, R. W. H. J. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20852-7_10 · Cited by 7
Eguchi, A., Walters, D., Peerenboom, N., Dury, H. L., Fox, E., & Stringer, S. M. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000165 · Cited by 8
Bradatsch, S., Vahl, M. D., Potterton, R., Gordon, G., Schmidt, U. H., & Brockmeyer, T. (2020) · Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1186/s40337-020-00305-4 · Cited by 8
Adapting cognitive bias modification to train healthy prospection
Namaky, N., Glenn, J. J., Eberle, J. W., & Teachman, B. A. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103923 · Cited by 7
Kruijt, A., & Carlbring, P. (2018) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.41 · Cited by 6
Commentary: The Impact of Digital Technology on Psychological Treatments and Their Dissemination
Heeren, A. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01571 · Cited by 7
Geerts, J. A., Pieterse, M. E., Laverman, G. D., Waanders, F., Oosterom, N., Slegten, J., Salemink, E., & Bode, C. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/43636 · Cited by 6
Korn, J., Dietel, F. A., & Hartmann, A. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10026-x · Cited by 6
Personality, Preferences and Socioeconomic Behavior
Ferguson, E., Zhao, K., & Smillie, L. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.044 · Cited by 6
Clauss, K. E., Schafer, K. M., Somohano, V. C., O'Neil, M. E., Constans, J. I., Raines, A. M., & Bardeen, J. R. (2023) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-023-10077-1 · Cited by 7
Treatment of disgust in specific emotional disorders
Rast, C. E., Woronko, S. E., Jessup, S. C., & Olatunji, B. O. (2023) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2023.87.suppa.5 · Cited by 8
Narr, R. K., & Teachman, B. A. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22450 · Cited by 6
Affect, Dual-Processing, Developmental Psychopathology, and Health Behaviors
Wiers, R. W. H. J., Anderson, K. G., Bockstaele, B. V., Salemink, E., & Hommel, B. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190499037.003.0008 · Cited by 6
Health anxiety and attentional control interact to predict uncertainty-related attentional biases
Rogers, T. A., Daniel, T. A., & Bardeen, J. R. (2021) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101697 · Cited by 7
Temperament and Brain Networks of Attention
Rothbart, M. K., Posner, M. I., & Sheese, B. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.016 · Cited by 8
Biesanz, J. C., & Wallace, J. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.006 · Cited by 7
Wu, Z., Li, S., Chen, Z., & Nie, Y. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104616 · Cited by 5
Parsons, C. E., Tollånes, L., Cella, M., Hirsch, C. R., & Young, K. S. (2024) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2024.104654 · Cited by 6
Induced interpretation bias affects free recall and episodic memory bias in social anxiety
Park, H. R., & Lee, J.-S. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0289584 · Cited by 5
Livermon, S., Michel, A., Zhang, Y., Petz, K. D., Toner, E. R., Rucker, M., Boukhechba, M., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2025) · PLOS Digital Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pdig.0000601 · Cited by 5
Cognitive Bias Modification Training to Change Interpretation Biases
Salemink, E., Woud, M. L., Bouwman, V., & Mobach, L. (2023) · CBT: science into practice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23650-1_11 · Cited by 6
Moser, J. S., Moran, T. P., & Leber, A. B. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.07.001 · Cited by 6
Personality in Clinical Psychology
Widiger, T. A., & McCabe, G. A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.042 · Cited by 5
States and Situations, Traits and Environments
Asendorpf, J. B., & Rauthmann, J. F. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.007 · Cited by 10
Kognitiv-affektive Neurowissenschaft: Emotionale Modulation des Erinnerns, Entscheidens und Handelns
Goschke, T., & Dreisbach, G. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61814-1_5 · Cited by 6
A Brief Worry Reappraisal Paradigm (REAP) Increases Coping with Worries
Mashal, N. M., Beaudreau, S. A., Hernandez, M. A., Duller, R. C., Romaniak, H., Shin, K. E., Paller, K. A., & Zinbarg, R. E. (2019) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-019-10053-8 · Cited by 5
Godara, M., Sánchez-López, Á., & Raedt, R. D. (2020) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101613 · Cited by 5
Waters, A. M., Cao, Y., Kershaw, R., Kerbler, G. M., Shum, D., Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J., Craske, M. G., Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., Pine, D. S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.02.004 · Cited by 5
Jonassen, R., Harmer, C. J., Hilland, E., Maglanoc, L. A., Kraft, B., Browning, M. D., Stiles, T. C., Haaland, V. Ø., Berge, T., & Landrø, N. I. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/318279 · Cited by 5
Cognitive Bias Modification to Enhance Resilience to a Panic Challenge
Beadel, J. R. (2015) · doi:10.18130/v3rg4g · Cited by 5
Kim, M., Moon, Y.-K., & Chung, K.-M. (2024) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/50006 · Cited by 5
Investigating the Link Between Negative Interpretation Bias and Anxiety in a Mathematics Context
Barroso, C., Ganley, C. M., & Casanova, A. E. D. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251361765 · Cited by 4
The effect of attentional bias modification on positive affect dynamics
Kraft, B., Bø, R., Harmer, C. J., & Landrø, N. I. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-74855-x · Cited by 4
Cognitive bias modification of interpretation for social anxiety: A "bottom-up" intervention?
Bingqian, L., & Li, X. (2018) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2018.00859 · Cited by 3
The Rise and Fall of the Dot-Probe Task: Opportunities for Metascientific Learning
Sharpe, B. T., Halls, M., & Gladwin, T. E. (2022) · Seeds of Science · doi:10.53975/i2gp-smbp · Cited by 4
Salemink, E., Hagen, A., de Haan, E., & Wolters, L. H. (2023) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100809 · Cited by 4
Sawaya, H., Ferraro, F. R., & Marsh, R. A. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05594-x · Cited by 4
Faridi, A., Taremian, F., & Thatcher, R. W. (2024) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/15500594241283069 · Cited by 4
Earleywine, M., Falabella, G. S., Oliva, A. B., & Low, F. (2024) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2024.2421892 · Cited by 4
Henry, J. S., Giribaldi, B., Nutt, D. J., Erritzøe, D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Lyons, T. (2025) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.06.003 · Cited by 5
Field, M., Jones, A., Kersbergen, I., & Robinson, E. (2018) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13641 · Cited by 4
el Bouhaddani, S., Veling, W., Schaefer, B., Doreleijers, T., & Domburgh, L. (2018) · Early Intervention in Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/eip.12755 · Cited by 4
Do stress and anxiety lead to belief in conspiracy theories?
Fox, N., & Williams, M. N. (2023) · Routledge Open Research · doi:10.12688/routledgeopenres.17925.1 · Cited by 4
Summers, B. J., & Cougle, J. R. (2017) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.06.004 · Cited by 4
Nieto, I., & Vázquez, C. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05459-3 · Cited by 6
Hilland, E., Landrø, N. I., Harmer, C. J., Browning, M. D., Maglanoc, L. A., & Jonassen, R. (2018) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/322842 · Cited by 6
Internet‐ and Computer‐Based Treatments of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Becker, E., & Andersson, G. (2020) · Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Worrying · doi:10.1002/9781119189909.ch15 · Cited by 3
Amir, N., Taboas, W., & Montero, M. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103446 · Cited by 4
Cywiak, V., Solt, I., Givon‐Benjio, N., Fruchter, E., & Okon‐Singer, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1650453 · Cited by 3
Kuruoğlu, R., Suddell, S. F., & Penton‐Voak, I. S. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08280-2 · Cited by 3
Faridi, A., Taremian, F., & Thatcher, R. W. (2024) · Clinical EEG and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/15500594241229194 · Cited by 3
Bø, R., Kraft, B., Skilbrei, A., Jonassen, R., Harmer, C. J., & Landrø, N. I. (2024) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101982 · Cited by 3
Rubin, M., Niles, A. N., Evans, T. C., Tripp, P., Neylan, T. C., Woolley, J. D., & O’Donovan, A. (2024) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1155/2024/3683656 · Cited by 3
Byrne, M. E., Haller, S. P., Linke, J. O., Lewis, K. M., Berman, E., Henry, L. M., Pagliaccio, D., Quezada, D., Meyer, M., Abend, R., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2025.08.010 · Cited by 3
Tackling Hard Problems: Neuroscience, Treatment, and Anxiety
Pine, D. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108750349.010 · Cited by 3
Personality Traits and Mental Disorders
Hakulinen, C. A., Jokela, M. M., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Elovainio, M. J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.018 · Cited by 4
Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive Dysfunction
Eysenck, M. W., & Holmes, A. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.033 · Cited by 3
Nishiguchi, Y., & Tanno, Y. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01496-y · Cited by 3
Prior, K., Salemink, E., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Teachman, B. A., Piggott, M., Newton, N. C., Teesson, M., Baillie, A., Manning, V., McLellan, L. F., et al. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/28667 · Cited by 5
Bockstaele, B. V., Aktar, E., Majdandžić, M., Pérez‐Edgar, K. E., & Bögels, S. M. (2021) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2021.1963682 · Cited by 8
Salgado, J. F., Anderson, N. R., & Moscoso, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108264822.040 · Cited by 4
Targeting Cognitive Bias to Reduce Anger and Aggression
Osgood, J. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-98711-4_112-1 · Cited by 3
Vrijsen, J. N., Windbergs, H., Becker, E. S., Scherbaum, N., Müller, B. W., & Tendolkar, I. (2023) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-023-10452-y · Cited by 3
Does rumination moderate the effect of attention bias modification for depressive symptoms?
Hagen, H. S., Røssberg, J. I., Harmer, C. J., Jonassen, R., Landrø, N. I., & Bø, R. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2024.100824 · Cited by 3
Yuan, J., Shi, G., Zhang, Q., & Cui, L. (2024) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.14724 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Cristea, I. A., Kok, R. N., & Cuijpers, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Pisa (IT)
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 206
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 7-16
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- OpenAlex
- W2051006097
- Cited by
- 553
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 86 · 2019: 66 · 2018: 82 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 32
- FWCI
- 9.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Multilingual Matters (Channel View Publications) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- cognitive bias modification, anxiety, depression, treatment efficacy, publication bias, trial quality, effect size, outliers, mental health interventions
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety, Depression, Humans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Publication Bias
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
