Comorbid medical illness in bipolar disorder
Open accessAbstract
Background: Individuals with a mental health disorder appear to be at increased risk of medical illness. Aims: To examine rates of medical illnesses in patients with bipolar disorder (n = 1720) and to examine the clinical course of the bipolar illness according to lifetime medical illness burden. Method: Participants recruited within the UK were asked about the lifetime occurrence of 20 medical illnesses, interviewed using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) and diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Results: We found significantly increased rates of several medical illnesses in our bipolar sample. A high medical illness burden was associated with a history of anxiety disorder, rapid cycling mood episodes, suicide attempts and mood episodes with a typically acute onset. Conclusions: Bipolar disorder is associated with high rates of medical illness. This comorbidity needs to be taken into account by services in order to improve outcomes for patients with bipolar disorder and also in research investigating the aetiology of affective disorder where shared biological pathways may play a role. Declarations of interest: None.
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There is consistent evidence showing the high prevalence of comorbid medical conditions in bipolar disorder.
“While there is consistent evidence showing the high prevalence of comorbid medical conditions in BD768, 769, 770, 771, 772, 773, 774 and the negative impact these diagnoses have on longevity,775, 776 these conditions frequently go undiagnosed or undertreated.”
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [23]Kilbourne AM Cornelius JR Han X Pincus HA Shad M Salloum I Burden of general medical conditions among individuals with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2004; 6: 368– 73. 15383128
- [24]Beyer J Kuchibhatla M Gersing K Krishnan KR Medical comorbidity in a bipolar outpatient clinical population. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005; 30: 401– 4. 15536492
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- Authors
- Forty, L., Ulanova, A., Jones, L., Jones, I., Gordon-Smith, K., Fraser, C., Farmer, A., McGuffin, P., Lewis, C. M., Hosang, G. M., Rivera, M., & Craddock, N.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Craddock, Nick
- ORCID
- Venue
- British Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 205
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 465-472
- ISSN
- 0007-1250 (ISSN-L)
- 1472-1465
- PMC
- PMC4248234
- OpenAlex
- W2146463107
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The British Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Goldsmiths Research Online (acceptedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Stanley Medical Research Institute
- Wellcome Trust
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Medical Research Council (MR/L010305/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- bipolar disorder, comorbidities, anxiety disorders, rapid cycling, suicide attempts, clinical course
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Chronic Disease, Female, United Kingdom, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychopathology, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Comorbidity, Age of Onset, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Health Status Disparities
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