Depression in multiple sclerosis: a review
Open accessAbstract
Several studies have reported high rates of depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 50% and an annual prevalence of 20% not uncommon. Concern about the potential of new drug treatments to exacerbate or precipitate depression in MS has led to increased interest in the relation between MS and depression. This review on MS and depression identifies the following key issues: How common is depression in people with MS? Is depression in MS associated with lesions in specific regions of the central nervous system? Is there an increased risk of suicide in MS? Is there a higher than expected incidence of anxiety disorders in MS? Are fatigue and depressed mood related in MS? Is there a relation between depression and cognitive impairment in MS? Which psychosocial variables affect the development of depression in MS? Does treatment with interferon increase the risk of depression? How effective are treatments for MS patients with depression? Each of these issues is briefly reviewed with critical commentary, and some priorities for future research are suggested.
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Depression affects from 15 to 47% of patients with MS.
“Depression affects from 15 to 47 % of patients [7, 8]”
From The efficacy of a Mindfulness Based Intervention for depressive symptoms in patients with Multiple Sclerosis and their caregivers: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial. (2016) · cites this paper as [8]
The PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION IN MS section reports that depression is common, with typical rates around 20% over 12 months and 40–50% over a lifetime in MS clinic samples. It does not give the claimed 15–47% range, and the reported rates refer to different time periods. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDepression is a highly prevalent co-morbid condition in multiple sclerosis.
“For example, depression is a highly prevalent co-morbid condition in multiple sclerosis87.”
From From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain (2008) · cites this paper as [87]
Lifetime prevalence of depression among patients with multiple sclerosis is about 50%.
“Lifetime prevalence of depression among patients with MS is about 50%.3”
From MS quality of life, depression, and fatigue improve after mindfulness training: A randomized trial (2010) · cites this paper as [3]
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Self-citationDepression and Immunity: Inflammation and Depressive Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis
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- Authors
- Siegert, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Siegert, R J
- ORCID
- Siegert, R J
- Venue
- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2005-04-01
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 469-475
- ISSN
- 0022-3050 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1739575
- OpenAlex
- W2144215670
- Cited by
- 718
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 48 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 3.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, depression, depression prevalence, brain lesions, suicide risk, anxiety disorders, fatigue, cognitive impairment, psychosocial factors, interferon therapy, antidepressant treatment
- MeSH terms
- Interferon beta-1a, Adjuvants, Immunologic, Anxiety, Central Nervous System, Cognition Disorders, Depression, Fatigue, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuropsychological Tests, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Suicide, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Interferon-beta, Secondary Prevention
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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