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Bioactive products formed in humans from fish oils
Open accessAbstract
Resolvins, maresins, and protectins can be formed from fish oils. These specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have been implicated in the resolution of inflammation. Synthetic versions of such SPMs exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and when administered to animal models. However, their importance as endogenous products formed in sufficient amounts to exert anti-inflammatory actions in vivo remains speculative. We biased our ability to detect SPMs formed in healthy volunteers by supplementing fish oil in doses shown previously to influence blood pressure and platelet aggregation under placebo-controlled conditions. Additionally, we sought to determine the relative formation of SPMs during an acute inflammatory response and its resolution, evoked in healthy volunteers by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioactive lipids, enzymatic epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and free radical-catalyzed prostanoids [isoprostanes (iPs)] formed from arachidonic acid and the fish oils, served as comparators. Despite the clear shift from ω-6 to ω-3 EETs and iPs, we failed to detect a consistent signal, in most cases, of SPM formation in urine or plasma in response to fish oil, and in all cases in response to LPS on a background of fish oil. Our results question the relevance of these SPMs to the putative anti-inflammatory effects of fish oils in humans.
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“another study did not detect consistent plasma levels of SPMs after fish oil dietary supplementation in healthy volunteers127.”
From Inflammation and its resolution in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities (2019) · cites this paper as [127]
In the citing paper
“A short term supplementation period of 17.6 g EPA and DHA/day did not result in the detection of these inflammatory resolving mediators in plasma or urine [152].”
From Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Skeletal Muscle Health (2015) · cites this paper as [152]
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“a recent study has called into question the production of inflammatory resolving molecules and their role in mediating inflammatory challenges in healthy humans [152].”
From Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Skeletal Muscle Health (2015) · cites this paper as [152]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Skarke, C., Alamuddin, N., Lawson, J. A., Li, X., Ferguson, J. F., Reilly, M. P., & FitzGerald, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Skarke, Carsten
- FitzGerald, Garret A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1808-1820
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4548785
- OpenAlex
- W2270563637
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 12.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (KL2TR000139, UL1TR000003, 2kl2rr024132-06)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK058404)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES013508)
- National Center for Research Resources (KL2-RR024132, UL1RR024134)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- fish oil, resolvins, maresins, protectins, specialized pro-resolving mediators, inflammation resolution, anti-inflammatory activity, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, isoprostanes, lipopolysaccharide, acute inflammation, urinary biomarkers, plasma biomarkers, dietary supplementation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Female, Fish Oils, Humans, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharides, Male, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Inflammation Mediators, CD59 Antigens, Dietary Supplements, Lipid Metabolism, Healthy Volunteers
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