LDL and HDL enriched in triglyceride promote abnormal cholesterol transport

Skeggs, Josephine W.; Morton, Richard E.

doi:10.1194/jlr.m100431-jlr200

Cited by 73Cholesterol and Lipid MetabolismLipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthLipid metabolism and disorders

LDL and HDL enriched in triglyceride promote abnormal cholesterol transport

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Skeggs, Josephine W., Morton, Richard E.·2002·Journal of Lipid Research

DOI 10.1194/jlr.m100431-jlr200

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Abstract

Hypertriglyceridemia induces multiple changes in lipoprotein composition. Here we investigate how one of these modifications, triglyceride (TG) enrichment, affects HDL and LDL function when this alteration occurs under conditions in which more polar components can naturally re-equilibrate. TG-enriched lipoproteins were produced by co-incubating VLDL, LDL, and HDL with cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer protein. The resulting 2.5-fold increase in TG/CE ratio did not measurably alter the apoprotein composition of LDL or HDL, or modify LDL size. HDL mean diameter increased slightly from 9.1 to 9.4 nm. Modified LDL was internalized by fibroblasts normally, but its protein was degraded much less efficiently. This likely reflects an aberrant apolipoprotein B (apoB) conformation, as suggested by its resistance to V8 protease digestion and altered LDL electrophoretic mobility. TG-enriched LDL ineffectively down-regulated cholesterol biosynthesis compared with control LDL at the same protein concentration, but was equivalent in sterol regulation when compared on a cholesterol basis. TG-enriched HDL promoted greater net cholesterol efflux from cholesterol-loaded J774 cells. However, cholesterol associated with TG-enriched HDL was inefficiently esterified by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, and TG-enriched HDLs were poor donors of CE to HepG2 hepatocytes by selective uptake. We conclude that TG-enrichment, in the absence of other significant alterations in lipoprotein composition, is sufficient to alter both cholesterol delivery and removal mechanisms. Some of these abnormalities may contribute to increased coronary disease in hypertriglyceridemia.

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From Is Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor?: New Insights From the Framingham Offspring Study (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
Experimental studies suggest that hypertriglyceridemic HDL may be dysfunctional.
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From Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2011) · cites this paper as [56]

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BackgroundResult
Impact of triglyceride levels beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol after acute coronary syndrome in the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 trial
Miller, M., Cannon, C. P., Murphy, S. A., Qin, J., Ray, K. K., & Braunwald, E. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2007.10.038 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridaemia and risk of coronary artery disease
Reiner, Ž. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2017.31 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Absence of CD36 protects against atherosclerosis in ApoE knock-out mice with no additional protection provided by absence of scavenger receptor A I/II
Kuchibhotla, S., Vanegas, D., Kennedy, D. J., Guy, E. C., Nimako, G., Morton, R. E., & Febbraio, M. (2007) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvm093 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
“after 11 weeks on Western or normal chow diets as described previously.(12) The results (n 1⁄4 6–12 per genotype/gender) are expressed as mean+SE.”
Self-citation
High-Density Lipoprotein Function and Dysfunction in Health and Disease
Chiesa, S. T., & Charakida, M. (2019) · Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10557-018-06846-w · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Effect of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet program compared to a low-fat diet on fasting lipoprotein subclasses
Westman, E. C., Yancy, W. S., Olsen, M. K., Dudley, T., & Guyton, J. R. (2006) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.08.034 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Small HDL appear to be formed by a similar process and are then cleared from the circulation more rapidly than large HDL [41].”
Background
Dyslipidemias in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Risks and Causality
Graham, I. M., Cooney, M. T., Bradley, D., Dudina, A. L., & Reiner, Ž. (2012) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-012-0313-7 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Furthermore, excess triglycerides in lipoproteins may result in abnormal transport [64, 65].”
The Triglyceride Paradox in People of African Descent
Yu, S. S. K., Castillo, D. C., Courville, A. B., & Sumner, A. E. (2012) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2011.0108 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“24,25 As TG-enriched HDL particles are rapidly cleared by the liver, there is also a decline in HDL levels.”
Is Isolated Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol a Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor?: New Insights From the Framingham Offspring Study
Bartlett, J., Predazzi, I. M., Williams, S. M., Bush, W. S., Kim, Y., Havas, S., Toth, P. P., Fazio, S., & Miller, M. (2016) · Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.115.002436 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Egg Consumption Modulates HDL Lipid Composition and Increases the Cholesterol‐Accepting Capacity of Serum in Metabolic Syndrome
Andersen, C. J., Blesso, C. N., Lee, J., Barona, J., Shah, D., Thomas, M. J., & Fernández, M. L. (2013) · Lipids · doi:10.1007/s11745-013-3780-8 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“Although there were slightly greater relative increases in HDL-CE in the SUB group, this is most likely reflective of greater non-significant reductions in HDL-FC and HDL-PL compared to the EGG group.”
Influential
Lipid Profiles and Obesity as Potential Risk Factors of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Lee, J. S., Kim, D. H., Lee, H., Kim, H. J., Koh, J. W., Choi, H. G., Park, B., & Hong, S. K. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122496 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“However, considering that isolated TG enrichment sufficiently induces alteration of cholesterol delivery and removal mechanisms, abnormalities in which may contribute to damaged endothelial function, [23] TG enrichment could also lead to disturbances in cochlear microcirculation.”
Background
CD36/SR-B2-TLR2 Dependent Pathways Enhance Porphyromonas gingivalis Mediated Atherosclerosis in the Ldlr KO Mouse Model
Brown, P. M., Kennedy, D. J., Morton, R., & Febbraio, M. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125126 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Plasma lipoprotein analyses were accomplished by fast protein liquid chromatography of 10 μL aliquots on two Superose 6 columns with continuous online detection of cholesterol in the eluent [45,46].”
MethodSelf-citation
Substantial fat mass loss reduces low-grade inflammation and induces positive alteration in cardiometabolic factors in normal-weight individuals
Sarin, H. V., Lee, J. H., Jauhiainen, M., Joensuu, A., Borodulin, K., Männistö, S., Jin, Z., Terwilliger, J. D., Isola, V., Ahtiainen, J. P., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40107-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Indices of reverse cholesterol transport in subjects with metabolic syndrome after treatment with rosuvastatin
Sviridov, D., Hoang, A., Ooi, E. M. M., Watts, G. F., Barrett, P. H. R., & Nestel, P. J. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.07.007 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Evidence that hepatic lipase deficiency in humans is not associated with proatherogenic changes in HDL composition and metabolism
Ruel, I. L., Couture, P., Cohn, J. S., Bensadoun, A., Marcil, M., & Lamarche, B. (2004) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m400090-jlr200 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Oral but not transdermal estrogen replacement therapy changes the composition of plasma lipoproteins
Vrablı́k, M., Fait, T., Kovář, J., Poledne, R., & Češka, R. (2008) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.03.012 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“Interestingly, Skeggs and Morton [37] did not note any change of LDL particle size after enrichment with TG.”
Background
HDL-Cholesterol and Triglycerides Dynamics: Essential Players in Metabolic Syndrome
Alcover, S., Ramos-Regalado, L., Girón, G., Muñoz‐García, N., & Vilahur, G. (2025) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox14040434 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“This leads to a redistribution of cholesterol within the HDL, due to the increased TG/CE ratio, which enhances core fluidity, altering HDL lipoprotein composition [102].”
Variations in HDL-carried miR-223 and miR-135a concentrations after consumption of dietary trans fat are associated with changes in blood lipid and inflammatory markers in healthy men - an exploratory study
Desgagné, V., Guay, S., Guérin, R., Corbin, F., Couture, P., Lamarche, B., & Bouchard, L. (2016) · Epigenetics · doi:10.1080/15592294.2016.1176816 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“LDL enrichment in TGs had previously been associated with an enhanced atherogenic potential of this lipoprotein.(51) The”
Background
Using Serum Metabolomics to Predict Development of Anti-drug Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With IFNβ
Waddington, K. E., Papadaki, A., Coelewij, L., Adriani, M., Nytrová, P., Havrdová, E., Fogdell‐Hahn, A., Farrell, R. A., Dönnes, P., Pineda‐Torra, I., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01527 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Elevated triglyceride content of HDL is associated with its dysfunction and reduced capacity to support cholesterol efflux (68, 69).”
Background
Long-Term Alcohol Consumption Caused a Significant Decrease in Serum High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol and Apolipoprotein A-I with the Atherogenic Changes of HDL in Middle-Aged Korean Women
Cho, K., Nam, H.-S., Kang, D.-J., Park, M.-H., & Kim, J. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158623 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“LDL and HDL enriched in triglyceride promoted abnormal cholesterol transport [29] and an increased risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke [30].”
Background
Phospholipid Transfer Protein Is Differentially Expressed in Human Arterial and Venous Placental Endothelial Cells and Enhances Cholesterol Efflux to Fetal HDL
Scholler, M., Wadsack, C., Metso, J., Manavalan, A. P. C., Sreckovic, I., Schweinzer, C., Hiden, U., Jauhiainen, M., Desoyé, G., & Panzenboeck, U. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-2969 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Increased HDL-triglyceride content has also been shown to affect its capacity as cholesterol acceptor (34).”
Background
ApoF knockdown increases cholesteryl ester transfer to LDL and impairs cholesterol clearance in fat-fed hamsters
Morton, R. E., Liu, Y., & Izem, L. (2019) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.ra119000171 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“HDL particle size distribution was determined by native gradient gel electrophoresis (33, 34).”
MethodSelf-citation
Association Between Triglycerides and Residual Cardiovascular Risk in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Established Cardiovascular Disease (From the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes [BARI 2D] Trial)
Nelson, A. J., Návar, A. M., Mulder, H. S., WOJDYLA, D. M., Philip, S., Granowitz, C. B., Peterson, E. D., & Pagidipati, N. J. (2020) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2020.07.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
ABO Genotype, ‘Blood-Type’ Diet and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
Wang, J., García‐Bailo, B., Nielsen, D. E., & El‐Sohemy, A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084749 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“High levels of TG are known to both impede the scavenging capacity of HDL [52,53] and promote the formation of small, dense LDL particles, which are more easily oxidized and thus”
Background
APOA5 variants predispose hyperlipidemic patients to atherogenic dyslipidemia and subclinical atherosclerosis
Guardiola, M., Cofán, M., de Castro-Orós, I., Cenarro, A., Plana, N., Talmud, P. J., Masana, L., Ros, E., Civeira, F., & Ribalta, J. (2015) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.008 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Increased serum TG levels are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease because they induce quantitative and qualitative atherogenic changes in TG-rich lipoproteins, as well as in both LDL and HDL particles [24].”
Background
Effect of DanQi Pill on PPARα, lipid disorders and arachidonic acid pathway in rat model of coronary heart disease
Chang, H., Wang, Q., Shi, T., Huo, K., Li, C., Zhang, Q., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Tang, B., Wang, W., et al. (2016) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-016-1083-3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“The cholesterol kit (COD-PAP Method), triglyceride kit (GPO-PAP Method), direct HDL kit and direct LDL kit were purchased from BiosinaTechnologies Inc. Evaluation of mRNA expressions of molecules involved in lipid metabolism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Expressions of LPL and CD36 in heart tissues were determine…”
BackgroundInfluential
Early Signs of Atherogenic Features in the HDL Lipidomes of Normolipidemic Patients Newly Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes
Kostara, C. E., Ferrannini, E., Bairaktari, E. T., Papathanasiou, A. I., Elisaf, M., & Tsimihodimos, V. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21228835 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“the RCT, these particles negatively influence other important metabolic pathways involved in heart disease, including a reduced capacity for lecithin; less cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) to convert free cholesterol to cholesterol esters; and a diminished capacity to deliver cholesterol esters to hepatic cells via…”
Background
The surface cholesteryl ester content of donor and acceptor particles regulates CETP: a liposome-based approach to assess the substrate properties of lipoproteins
Morton, R. E., & Greene, D. J. (2003) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m300063-jlr200 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Postprandial remodeling of high-density lipoprotein following high saturated fat and high carbohydrate meals
Averill, M. M., Rubinow, K. B., Cain, K. C., Wimberger, J., Babenko, I. M., Becker, J. O., Foster‐Schubert, K. E., Cummings, D. E., Hoofnagle, A. N., & Vaisar, T. (2019) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2019.11.002 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The effect of simvastatin on triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in patients with type 2 diabetic dyslipidemia: a SILHOUETTE Trial Sub-study
Miller, M. J., Dobs, A. S., Yuan, Z., Battisti, W. P., & Palmisano, J. J. (2006) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079906x80521 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The LDL-C/ApoB ratio predicts cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population
Xiao, L., Zhang, K., Wang, F., Wang, M., Huang, Q., Wei, C., & Gou, Z. (2023) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-023-01869-1 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Metabolic disorders and inflammation are associated with familial combined hyperlipemia
Díaz-Ruiz, M., Martínez-Triguero, M. L., López‐Ruiz, A., la Cruz, F. F.-D., Bañuls, C., & Hernández‐Mijares, A. (2018) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.009 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Evaluation of Established Coronary Heart Disease on the Basis of HDL and Non-HDL NMR Lipid Profiling
Kostara, C. E., Papathanasiou, A. I., Cung, M. T., Elisaf, M., Goudevenos, J. A., & Bairaktari, E. T. (2009) · Journal of Proteome Research · doi:10.1021/pr900783x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Triglycerides: How Much Credit Do They Deserve?
Kohli, P., & Cannon, C. P. (2012) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2011.11.006 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
CETP and lipid transfer inhibitor protein are uniquely affected by the negative charge density of the lipid and protein domains of LDL
Morton, R. E., & Greene, D. J. (2003) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m300171-jlr200 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“composition and catabolism of lipoproteins (3-6).”
Self-citation
The lipid transfer properties of CETP define the concentration and composition of plasma lipoproteins
Morton, R. E., & Liu, Y. (2020) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.ra120000691 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Increased Circulating Levels of PCSK9 and Pro-Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Pregnant Women with Maternal Supraphysiological Hypercholesterolemia
Cantin, C., Garchitorena, M. J., Escalona, R., Jorge Carvajal, C., Illanes, S. E., Gutiérrez, J., & Leiva, A. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11050869 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Additionally, triglycerides-enriched LDL have been reported to exhibit altered lipid delivery to cells and do not regulate cholesterol biosynthesis in cells [50].”
Background
The lipid substrate preference of CETP controls the biochemical properties of HDL in fat/cholesterol-fed hamsters
Morton, R. E., Mihna, D., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100027 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“HDL particle size distribution was determined by native gradient gel electrophoresis (18, 19).”
MethodSelf-citation
Partial suppression of CETP activity beneficially modifies the lipid transfer profile of plasma
Morton, R. E., & Greene, D. J. (2006) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.06.030 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Major Lipids and Future Risk of Pneumonia: 20-Year Observation of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Cohort
Bae, S. S., Chang, L. C., Merkin, S. S., Elashoff, D. A., Ishigami, J., Matsushita, K., & Charles‐Schoeman, C. (2020) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.07.022 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Studies have previously shown that the composition of HDL-C is modified to have higher triglyceride content in patients with hypertriglyceridemia as well as in acute inflammatory states (40).”
Background
Pedoman Tatalaksana Dislipidemia PERKI 2013
Erwinanto, E., Santoso, A., Putranto, J. N., Tedjasukmana, P., Suryawan, R., Rifqi, S., & Kasiman, S. (2015) · Indonesian Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.30701/ijc.v34i4.385 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Impaired fluidity and oxidizability of HDL hydrophobic core and amphipathic surface in dyslipidemic men
Cazzola, R., Cassani, E., Barichella, M., & Cestaro, B. (2013) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2013.01.012 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Triglyceride and Cardiovascular Disease
Kim, M. (2013) · Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis · doi:10.12997/jla.2013.2.1.1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
The interplay between lipoprotein phenotypes, adiponectin, and alcohol consumption
Kuusisto, S. M., Peltola, T., Laitinen, M., Kumpula, L. S., Mäkinen, V., Salonurmi, T., Hedberg, P. S. M., Jauhiainen, M., Savolainen, M. J., Hannuksela, M. L., et al. (2011) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853890.2011.611529 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Microencapsulated Pomegranate Modifies the Composition and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) in New Zealand Rabbits
Dorantes-Morales, A., Estrada-Luna, D., Bautista‐Pérez, R., Cabrera, G. B., Luna‐Luna, M., Flores‐Castillo, C., Vargas‐Alarcón, G., Fragoso, J. M., Pérez-Méndez, O. A., & Carreón‐Torres, E. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25143297 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The content of triglycerides seems to affect the capacity of HDL to accept cholesterol from tissue [44–47]; impaired cholesterol transport, characteristic of patients with metabolic syndrome [45], has been associated with HDL particles enriched with triglycerides [46] and saturated fatty acids [47].”
KLKB1 and CLSTN2 are associated with HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity in a genome-wide association study
Schachtl‐Riess, J. F., Schönherr, S., Lamina, C., Forer, L., Coassin, S., Streiter, G., Kheirkhah, A., Li, Y., Meiselbach, H., Maio, S. D., et al. (2023) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.01.022 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Expanding the Molecular Disturbances of Lipoproteins in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Lessons from Lipidomics
Kostara, C. E. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13040721 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“In addition, triglyceride-rich HDLs presented abnormality in cholesterol efflux, esterification, and transport, which may contribute to and/or enhance the atherosclerosis process [70].”
Background
Atorvastatin and Fenofibrate Increase the Content of Unsaturated Acyl Chains in HDL and Modify In Vivo Kinetics of HDL-Cholesteryl Esters in New Zealand White Rabbits
Flores‐Castillo, C., Luna‐Luna, M., Carreón‐Torres, E., López‐Olmos, V., Frı́as, S., Juárez-Oropeza, M. A., Franco, M., Fragoso, J. M., Vargas‐Alarcón, G., & Pérez-Méndez, O. A. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20102521 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Conversely, the impaired cholesterol transport characteristic of patients with metabolic syndrome has been associated with HDL particles enriched with triglycerides [26] and saturated fatty acids [27].”
Background
Association of non-HDL-C/apoB ratio with long-term mortality in the general population: A cohort study
Zhang, K., Wei, C., Shao, Y., Li, W., Zhao, Z., Song, Y., Tang, X., Li, Y., & Gou, Z. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28155 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease : A Scientific Statement From the
Pennathur, S., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Lennie, T. A., Levi, M., Mazzone, T., Ginsberg, H. N., Goldberg, A. C., Howard, W. J., Stone, N. J., Ballantyne, C. M., et al. (2011) · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Targeting triglycerides in secondary prevention: should we bother?
Athyros, V. G., Kakafika, A. I., Wierzbicki, A. S., Karagiannis, A. I., & Mikhailidis, D. P. (2008) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01837.x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Effect of fixed-dose combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide on apoB-containing lipoprotein subclasses and HDL lipidome in type 2 diabetes
Pappa, E. T., Kostara, C. E., Bairaktari, E. T., Arvaniti, E., & Tsimihodimos, V. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108286 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mendelian Randomization Reveals: Triglycerides and Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Ding, S., Liu, Y., Duan, T., Fang, P., Tong, Q., Li, H., & Yu, H. (2024) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering11050438 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“…taking into account that isolated TG elevation can e ﬀ ectively prompt changes in cholesterol transport and clearance mechanisms, disruptions in these processes may potentially play a role in impairing endothelial function [34]. potentially play a role in impairing endothelial function [34].”
Background
Dietary fat powder replacement of soybean oil modulates muscle fatty acids, liver morphology and oxidation, and intestinal lipid metabolism-related gene expression in juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Bai, L., Zhang, L., Chen, C., Xu, J., Xie, F., & Liao, K. (2025) · Animal Feed Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2025.116451 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Is triglyceride therapy worth the effort?
Miller, M. J. (2015) · Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine · doi:10.3949/ccjm.82a.13157 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hipertrigliceridemia (> 150 mg/dl) como marcador de riesgo cardiovascular
López-Miranda, J. (2025) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.arteri.2025.500822 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Altered HDL Phospholipid and Fatty Acid Profile in MASLD: A Possible Explanation for the Increased CVD Risk
Kartsoli, S., Kostara, C. E., Papathanasiou, A. I., Tsimihodimos, V., Bairaktari, E. T., & Christodoulou, D. K. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136148 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Changes in TG and CE content impair reverse cholesterol transport by reducing LCAT activity, which is crucial for cholesterol esterification [47].”
High density lipoprotein is an inappropriate substrate for hepatic lipase in postmenopausal women
Zago, V., Miksztowicz, V., Cacciagiú, L. D., Basilio, F., Berg, G. A., & Schreier, L. E. (2012) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2012.08.026 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Association between functional foods and cardiometabolic health in a real-life setting: a longitudinal observational study using objective diet records from an electronic purchase system
Shirai, Y., Sakuma, M., Nagasaka, Y., Takeda, N., Matsui, K., & Nakamura, M. (2022) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/d1fo02434e · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridemia (> 150 mg/dL) as a marker of cardiovascular risk
López-Miranda, J. (2025) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.artere.2025.500822 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
DIET-INDUCED HYPERLIPIDEMIA AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN WHITE RABBITS.
As, A., Ti, A., & Fatoki, J. O. (2013) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Plasma Lipid Profiles of Transgenic mice expressing the Human ApoB100XCETP are altered differentially by Diets enriched with defined Fatty Acids
Hatahet, W., Soofi, A. A., Ntekim, O. E., & Fungwe, T. V. (2015) · Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal · doi:10.12944/crnfsj.3.3.04 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Coronary Heart Disease Risk Assessment
Miller, M. J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-141605469-6.50014-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mendelian randomization analysis with pleiotropy-robust log-linear model for binary outcomesPreprint
Li, M., Huang, T., & Jia, J. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.06.03.543587 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Elevated blood TG has been indicated in prior studies to influence LDL-C and 253 HDL-C through cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), which promotes cholesteryl ester and 254 TG transfers among lipoproteins (23-25).”
Background
The influence of walking on risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome
Scott, A. (2008) · Create (Canterbury Christ Church University)
Profil Kolesterol dan Trigliserida Darah Serta Respon Fisiologis Tikus yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Sate Daging Sapi
Wulandari, R. R. (2008) · IPB Scientific Repository (Bogor Agricultural University.)
HDL in Health and Disease: Effects of Exercise and HIV Infection on HDL Metabolism
Sviridov, D., Bukrinsky, M., Kingwell, B. A., & Hoy, J. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9783527625178.ch14
Impaired Biologic Activities
Kontush, A., & Chapman, M. J. (2011) · doi:10.1002/9781118158678.ch10
Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American
Lennie, T. A., Levi, M., Mazzone, T., Pennathur, S., Goldberg, A. C., Howard, W. J., Jacobson, M. Z., Stone, N. J., Ballantyne, C. M., Bittner, V., et al. (2013)
25-hydroxyvitamin D and Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Disease
García‐Bailo, B. (2014) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Glycated High-Density Lipoproteins Reduce Endothelial Phenotypic Expression of Monocyte-Derived Multipotential Cells in Early Type 2 Diabetes
Massó, F., Montaño, L. F., Páez, A., Juárez-Rojas, J. G., Medina-Urrutia, A. X., Nambo‐Venegas, R., Rodríguez-Maldonado, E., & Galarza, E. J. (2026) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo16030194

Plasma triglyceride determines structure-composition in low and high density lipoproteins.
Deckelbaum, R. J., Granot, E., Oschry, Y., Rose, L., & Eisenberg, S. (1984) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.4.3.225 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
VLDL compositional changes and plasma levels of triglycerides and high density lipoprotein
Brites, F. D., Bonavita, C. D., Cloës, M., Yael, M. J., Fruchart, J., Castro, G. R., & Wikinski, R. L. W. (1998) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(97)00193-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Is hypertriglyceridemic very low density lipoprotein a precursor of normal low density lipoprotein?
Oschry, Y., Olivecrona, T., Deckelbaum, R. J., & Eisenberg, S. (1985) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-2275(20)34385-6 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Changes in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and the response to dietary cholesterol in man
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HDL metabolism in hypertriglyceridemic states: an overview
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Authors: Skeggs, J. W., & Morton, R. E.
Affiliations: Cleveland Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Morton, Richard E.
ORCID: Morton, Richard E.
Venue: Journal of Lipid Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2002-08
Volume: 43
Issue: 8
Pages: 1264-1274
ISSN: 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m100431-jlr200
OpenAlex: W2308761634
Cited by: 73
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 1.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 6609 d)
Locations: Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL060934, HL60934)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
Keywords: hypertriglyceridemia, low-density lipoprotein, HDL cholesterol, cholesterol transport, cholesteryl ester transfer protein, cholesterol biosynthesis, cholesterol efflux, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, cholesteryl ester uptake, coronary disease
MeSH terms: Biological Transport, Esterification, Humans, Phosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-Acyltransferase, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Triglycerides

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LDL and HDL enriched in triglyceride promote abnormal cholesterol transport

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