Genetic and environmental influences on factors associated with cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome.
Open accessAbstract
The relative influence of genetics and the environment on factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear. We performed model-fitting analyses to quantify genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental variance components of factors associated with CVD and MetS [waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and fasting plasma lipids] in adult male and female monozygotic twins reared apart or together. We also investigated whether MetS components share common influences. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were highly heritable (56-77%, statistically significant). Waist circumference, plasma glucose and insulin, HOMA-IR, and blood pressure were moderately heritable (43-57%, statistically significant). Unique environmental factors contributed to the variance of all variables (20-38%, perforce statistically significant). Common environmental factors contributed 23, 30, and 42% (statistically significant) of the variance of waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, and plasma glucose, respectively. Two shared factors influenced MetS components; one influenced all components except HDL cholesterol, another influenced only lipid (triglyceride and HDL cholesterol) concentrations. These results suggest that genetic variance has a dominant influence on total variance of factors associated with CVD and MetS and support the proposal of one or more underlying pathologies of MetS.
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Using identical twins provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of a dietary intervention while controlling for genetic and environmental factors.
“Novel to this study was our population of identical twins, a valuable resource in scientific research that provided a unique opportunity to investigate the effects of a dietary intervention while controlling for genetic and environmental factors,40 influences that can significantly impact health outcomes, including body weight, cardiovascular health, and metabolic function.40,41”
From Cardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
The Subjects and Model-fitting analyses sections show that the paper used identical twins reared apart or together to examine genetic and environmental influences. But the paper describes its study as cross-sectional, not a dietary intervention, so it does not establish the claimed opportunity to investigate an intervention’s effects. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Neale , M. C. , S. M. Boker , G. Xie , and H. H. Maes . 2003 . Mx: Statistical modeling, 6th edition. Virginia Commonwealth University Department of Psychiatry, VCU, Richmond, VA.
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“MetS has a multi-factorial etiology comprising complex interactions between genetic predispositions and environmental factors including diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors [3,4].”
BackgroundCardiometabolic Effects of Omnivorous vs Vegan Diets in Identical Twins: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Landry, M. J., Ward, C. P., Cunanan, K. M., Durand, L. R., Perelman, D., Robinson, J. L., Hennings, T., Koh, L., Dant, C., Zeitlin, A., et al. (2023) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.44457 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
- Authors
- Elder, S. J., Lichtenstein, A. H., Pittas, A. G., Roberts, S. B., Fuss, P. J., Greenberg, A. S., McCrory, M. A., Bouchard, T. J., Saltzman, E., & Neale, M. C.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Tufts Medical Center (US)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Neale, Michael C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Lipid Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1917-1926
- ISSN
- 0022-2275 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2724778
- OpenAlex
- W2106531384
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Lipid Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institutes of Health (DK78867)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL069772)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH065322, MH 65322)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-18673, R01DA018673, R37DA018673)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK79003, DK046124, DK73321, R01DK073321, R01DK076092, DK78867, R21DK078867, R01DK046124, DK76092, R01DK079003)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Keywords
- cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, heritability, genetic variance, waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, HOMA-IR, plasma lipids, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, shared genetic influences
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Energy Metabolism, Environment, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Twins, Monozygotic, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Metabolic Syndrome, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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