Cited by 411Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchOccupational Health and PerformanceTraumatic Brain Injury Research

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Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Police and Other First Responders

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MARMAR, CHARLES R., McCASLIN, SHANNON E., METZLER, THOMAS J., BEST, SUZANNE, WEISS, DANIEL S., FAGAN, JEFFERY, LIBERMAN, AKIVA, POLE, NNAMDI, OTTE, CHRISTIAN, YEHUDA, RACHEL, MOHR, DAVID, NEYLAN, THOMAS·2006·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1196/annals.1364.001

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Abstract

We provide an overview of previous research conducted by our group on risk and resilience factors for PTSD symptoms in police and other first responders. Based on our work, the findings of other investigators on individual differences in risk for PTSD, and drawing on preclinical studies fear conditioning and extinction, we propose a conceptual model for the development of PTSD symptoms emphasizing the role of vulnerability and resilience to peritraumatic panic reactions. We tested this conceptual model in a cross-sectional sample of police officers (n = 715). Utilizing an hierarchical linear regression model we were able to explain 39.7% of the variance in PTSD symptoms. Five variables remained significant in the final model; greater peritraumatic distress (beta = 0.240, P < .001), greater peritraumatic dissociation (beta = 0.174, P < .001), greater problem-solving coping (beta = 0.103, P < .01), greater routine work environment stress (beta = 0.182, P < .001), and lower levels of social support (beta = -0.246, P < .001). These results were largely consistent with the proposed conceptual model. Next steps in this line of research will be to test this model prospectively in a sample of 400 police academy recruits assessed during training and currently being followed for the first 2 years of police service.

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Authors: MARMAR, C. R., McCASLIN, S. E., METZLER, T. J., BEST, S., WEISS, D. S., FAGAN, J., LIBERMAN, A., POLE, N., OTTE, C., YEHUDA, R., MOHR, D., & NEYLAN, T.
Affiliations: San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Columbia University (US)
National Institute of Justice (US)
University of Michigan (US)
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (DE)
James J. Peters VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: MARMAR, CHARLES R.
ORCID: MARMAR, CHARLES R.
McCASLIN, SHANNON E.
METZLER, THOMAS J.
OTTE, CHRISTIAN
YEHUDA, RACHEL
MOHR, DAVID
NEYLAN, THOMAS
Venue: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-07
Volume: 1071
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-18
ISSN: 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
1749-6632
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1364.001
OpenAlex: W2098360939
Cited by: 409
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 2.28
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 25 d)
Locations: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01-MH56350, R01MH056350)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Performance
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, police officers, first responders, peritraumatic dissociation, peritraumatic distress, resilience, fear conditioning, fear extinction, social support, coping, PTSD risk factors, conceptual model
MeSH terms: Data Collection, Disasters, Humans, Individuality, Models, Psychological, Predictive Value of Tests, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Police

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