The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 59 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toward a Psychobiology of Posttraumatic Self‐Dysregulation: Reexperiencing, Hyperarousal, Dissociation, and Emotional Numbing
Abstract
In this article we propose a psychobiological model that construes PTSD fundamentally as a disorder of affect arousal regulation. Neuroimaging studies of emotion regulation in psychologically healthy populations are initially reviewed as a framework for interpreting the results of previously published investigations of the neural correlates of PTSD reexperiencing and dissociation. We then apply the emotion regulation framework toward understanding other perturbed affective states in PTSD. We conclude by discussing the clinical significance of this framework for psychological assessment and treatment of posttrauma psychopathology.
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In the citing paper
“Evidence of distinct patterns of neural activity (Frewen and Lanius, 2006;Lanius et al., 2010Lanius et al., , 2012) )”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Frewen and Lanius, 2006
In the citing paper
“Within this literature, PTSD has been conceptualized as fundamentally a disorder of affect arousal regulation [53], such that dysregulated arousal can lead to altered or dissociative states.”
From Childhood trauma and subclinical PTSD symptoms predict adverse effects and worse outcomes across two mindfulness-based programs for active depression (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“These findings are in line with established research on relationships between altered or dissociative states of consciousness and a history of childhood trauma and/or current trauma symptoms [27, 51–53].”
From Childhood trauma and subclinical PTSD symptoms predict adverse effects and worse outcomes across two mindfulness-based programs for active depression (2025) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“Notably, approximately 14–30% of traumatized individuals present with the dissociative subtype of PTSD characterized by additional depersonalization and derealization symptoms associated with emotional detachment (Bremner and Southwick, 1992; Sierra and Berrios, 1998; Frewen and Lanius, 2006; Lanius et al., 2010; Pain et al., 2010; Steuwe et al., 2012; Wolf et al., 2012; Stein et al., 2013; Armour”
From How Processing of Sensory Information From the Internal and External Worlds Shape the Perception and Engagement With the World in the Aftermath of Trauma: Implications for PTSD (2021) · cites this paper as Frewen and Lanius, 2006
In the citing paper
“On the behavioral and symptomatic level the disorder is characterized by a strongly impaired capability to regulate emotions (Etkin and Wager, 2007), which may contribute to the manifestation of other characteristic symptoms of the disorder – particularly hyperarousal or avoidance of trauma-related stimuli (Frewen and Lanius, 2006).”
From Rt-fMRI neurofeedback-guided cognitive reappraisal training modulates amygdala responsivity in posttraumatic stress disorder (2020) · cites this paper as Frewen and Lanius, 2006
Citations
Cites
The emerging field of emotion regulation: an integrative review
Gross, J. J. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271 · Cited by 9,916
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How do you feel? Interoception: The sense of the physiological condition of the body
Craig, A. D. (2002) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn894 · Cited by 6,006
The cognitive control of emotion
OCHSNER, K., & GROSS, J. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.03.010 · Cited by 4,495
Editorial Office (1997) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1381/096089297765555359 · Cited by 3,941
Functional neuroanatomy of emotion: A meta-analysis of emotion activation studies in PET and fMRI
Phan, K. L., Wager, T., Taylor, S. F., & Liberzon, I. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1087 · Cited by 3,502
Rethinking feelings: an fMRI study of the cognitive regulation of emotion
Ochsner, K. N., Bunge, S. A., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902760807212 · Cited by 2,520
Neurobiology of emotion perception I: the neural basis of normal emotion perception
Phillips, M. L., Drevets, W. C., Rauch, S. L., & Lane, R. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00168-9 · Cited by 2,173
Ochsner, K. N., Ray, R. D., Cooper, J. C., Robertson, E. R., Chopra, S., Gabrieli, J. D. E., & Gross, J. J. (2004) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.06.030 · Cited by 2,113
The polyvagal theory: phylogenetic substrates of a social nervous system.
Porges, S. W. (2001) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(01)00162-3 · Cited by 1,582
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Lanius R.A., 2005, A review of neuroimaging studies of hyperarousal and dissociation in PTSD: heterogeneity of response to symptom provocation, J. Psychiatr. Res.
- Vermetten E.&R.Pitman.2005.Pain processing in disorders related to traumatic stress. Symposium presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies Toronto Ontario Canada .
- Cloitre M., 2000, Psychotherapy for the Interrupted Life: an Evidence‐Based Guide to Working Through the Complex Trauma of Childhood Abuse
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Items 301–305 of 305
Zvi, L., Handelzalts, J. E., Horesh, D., & Shlomi, I. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1855046
Why music may help in trauma-focused music therapy: The musical affordances framework
Bensimon, M. (2026) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2026.102507
Emotion Regulation is Associated with Symptoms of Racial Trauma Among Minoritized People
Canovas, C. A., & Benuto, L. T. (2026) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/08862605261473542
Aberg, K. C., Efrati, S., Idan, S., Merzbach, R., Paz, R., & Doenyas‐Barak, K. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03845-4
Lim, W. P. H., Savage, H. S., Longley, B. F., Critchley, H., Dalgleish, T., Nord, C. L., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2026) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2025.0138
Metadata
- Authors
- FREWEN, P. A., & LANIUS, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Western University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- LANIUS, RUTH A.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-07
- Volume
- 1071
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 110-124
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2104622135
- Cited by
- 306
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, emotion regulation, psychobiological model, re-experiencing, dissociation, neural correlates, psychological assessment, PTSD treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Arousal, Dissociative Disorders, Emotions, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Mental Recall, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Wounds and Injuries
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