The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Unresolved Grief in a National Sample of Bereaved Parents: Impaired Mental and Physical Health 4 to 9 Years Later
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: To assess unresolved parental grief, the associated long-term impact on mental and physical health, and health service use. Patients and Methods: This anonymous, mail-in questionnaire study was performed as a population-based investigation in Sweden between August 2001 and October 2001. Four hundred forty-nine parents who lost a child as a result of cancer 4 to 9 years earlier completed the survey (response rate, 80%). One hundred ninety-one (43%) of the bereaved parents were fathers, and 251 (56%) were mothers. Bereaved parents were asked whether or not, and to what extent, they had worked through their grief. They were also asked about their physical and psychological well-being. For outcomes of interest, we report relative risk (RR) with 95% CIs as well as unadjusted odds ratios and adjusted odds ratios. Results: Parents with unresolved grief reported significantly worsening psychological health (fathers: RR, 3.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 6.4; mothers: RR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.9 to 4.4) and physical health (fathers: RR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.8 to 4.4; mothers: RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.6 to 3.3) compared with those who had worked through their grief. Fathers with unresolved grief also displayed a significantly higher risk of sleep difficulties (RR, 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5 to 17.8). Mothers, however, reported increased visits with physicians during the previous 5 years (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.6) as well as a greater likelihood of taking sick leave when they had not worked through their grief (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2 to 3.5). Conclusion: Parents who have not worked through their grief are at increased risk of long-term mental and physical morbidity, increased health service use, and increased sick leave.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“One previous study (Lannen et al., 2008) has reported that a majority (73.5%) of parents who had lost a child to cancer had sleep difficulties 4–9 years later.”
From Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of guided internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia after the loss of a child to cancer: Randomized controlled trial (2021) · cites this paper as Lannen et al., 2008
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
(1970) · Cited by 24,983
The social readjustment rating scale
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4 · Cited by 11,560
Inventory of complicated grief: a scale to measure maladaptive symptoms of loss.
Prigerson, H. G., Maciejewski, P. K., Reynolds, C. F., Bierhals, A. J., Newsom, J. T., Fasiczka, A., Frank, E., Doman, J., & Miller, M. (1995) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(95)02757-2 · Cited by 1,582
Self-citationTreatment of Complicated Grief: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Shear, K., Frank, E., Houck, P. R., & Reynolds, C. F. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.21.2601 · Cited by 1,097
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.1.22 · Cited by 736
Self-citationTraumatic grief as a risk factor for mental and physical morbidity
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.5.616 · Cited by 693
Self-citationDiagnostic criteria for complicated grief disorder
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.7.904 · Cited by 648
An Empirical Examination of the Stage Theory of Grief
Maciejewski, P. K., Zhang, B., Block, S. D., & Prigerson, H. G. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.297.7.716 · Cited by 605
Self-citationMortality in parents after death of a child in Denmark: a nationwide follow-up study
Li, J., Precht, D. H., Mortensen, P. B., & Olsen, J. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)12387-2 · Cited by 553
Boelen, P. A., de Keijser, J., van den Hout, M. A., & van den Bout, J. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.2.277 · Cited by 454
Latham, A. E., & Prigerson, H. G. (2004) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1521/suli.34.4.350.53737 · Cited by 448
Self-citationGender Differences in Adjustment to Bereavement: An Empirical and Theoretical Review
Stroebe, M., Stroebe, W., & Schut, H. A. W. (2001) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.5.1.62 · Cited by 362
Jordan, J. R., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2003) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/713842360 · Cited by 336
Zhang, B., El-Jawahri, A. R., & Prigerson, H. G. (2006) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2006.9.1188 · Cited by 315
Self-citationA case for inclusion of prolonged grief disorder in DSM-V.
Prigerson, H. G., Vanderwerker, L. C., & Maciejewski, P. K. (2008) · Handbook of bereavement research and practice: Advances in theory and intervention. · doi:10.1037/14498-008 · Cited by 287
Self-citationSex differences in event-related risk for major depression
MACIEJEWSKI, P. K., PRIGERSON, H. G., & MAZURE, C. M. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701003877 · Cited by 277
Self-citationGender differences in the effects of bereavement-related psychological distress in health outcomes
Chen, J. H., Bierhals, A. J., Prigerson, H. G., Kasl, S. V., Mazure, C. M., & Jacobs, S. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798008137 · Cited by 247
Self-citationKreicbergs, U. C., Lannen, P., Onelov, E., & Wolfe, J. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.10.0743 · Cited by 237
Self-citationGrief work, disclosure and counseling: Do they help the bereaved?
Stroebe, W., Schut, H. A. W., & Stroebe, M. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.01.004 · Cited by 230
OTT, C. H. (2003) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180302887 · Cited by 221
Insomnia and complicated grief symptoms in bereaved college students
Hardison, H. G., Neimeyer, R. A., & Lichstein, K. L. (2005) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0302_4 · Cited by 206
Influence of traumatic grief on suicidal ideation among young adults
Prigerson, H. G., Bridge, J., Maciejewski, P. K., Beery, L. C., Rosenheck, R. A., Jacobs, S. C., Bierhals, A. J., Kupfer, D. J., & Brent, D. A. (1999) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.156.12.1994 · Cited by 190
Self-citationMack, J. W., Cook, E. F., Wolfe, J., Grier, H. E., Cleary, P. D., & Weeks, J. C. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2006.08.3170 · Cited by 187
Self-citationMortality Following Conjugal Bereavement and the Effects of a Shared Environment
Schaefer, C. A., Quesenberry, C. P., & Wi, S. (1995) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117387 · Cited by 176
Tibblin, G., Tibblin, B., Peciva, S., Kullman, S., & Svärdsudd, K. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 164
Rando, T. A., & KOWALSKI, K. (1987) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-198710000-00035 · Cited by 164
Quality of life impairments associated with diagnostic criteria for traumatic grief
SILVERMAN, G. K., JACOBS, S. C., KASL, S. V., SHEAR, M. K., MACIEJEWSKI, P. K., NOAGHIUL, F. S., & PRIGERSON, H. G. (2000) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291799002524 · Cited by 156
Self-citationBereavement Support for Families Following the Death of a Child from Cancer
Decinque, N., Monterosso, L., Dadd, G., Sidhu, R., Macpherson, R., & Aoun, S. M. (2006) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1300/j077v24n02_05 · Cited by 118
Sleep in the wake of complicated grief symptoms: An exploratory study
McDermott, O. D., Prigerson, H. G., Reynolds, C. F., Houck, P. R., Dew, M. A., Hall, M. H., Mazumdar, S., Buysse, D. J., Hoch, C. C., & Kupfer, D. J. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00118-7 · Cited by 62
Self-citationMeasuring anxiety and depression in the oncology setting using visual-digital scales
Onelöv, E., Steineck, G., Nyberg, U., Hauksdóttir, A., Kreicbergs, U. C., Henningsohn, L., Bergmark, K. H., & Valdimarsdóttir, U. A. (2007) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.1080/02841860601156124 · Cited by 53
Self-citationGender Differences in Complicated Grief among the Elderly
Bierhals, A. J., Prigerson, H. G., Fasiczka, A., Frank, E., Miller, M., & Reynolds, C. F. (1996) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/437w-edwj-lmql-0cb9 · Cited by 46
Self-citationTreating complicated grief: effects on sleep quality
Germain, A., Shear, K., Monk, T. H., Houck, P. R., Reynolds, III, Frank, E., & Buysse, D. J. (2006) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0403_2 · Cited by 20
Neubauer, D. N. (2006) · Primary psychiatry · Cited by 2
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Osterwers M, Solomon F, Green M: Bereavement Reactions, Consequences, and Care: Committee for the Study of Health Consequences of the Stress of Bereavement. Washington, DC, National Academy Press, 1984
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Prolonged grief disorder: psychometric validation of criteria proposed for DSM-V and ICD-11
Prigerson, H. G., Horowitz, M. J., Jacobs, S. C., Parkes, C. M., Aslan, M., Goodkin, K., Raphael, B., Marwit, S. J., Wortman, C., Neimeyer, R. A., et al. (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000121 · Cited by 1,863
“In a Swedish sample of bereaved parents 4–9 y after the death of their child from cancer, parents with unresolved grief were at risk for long-term mental and physical impairments, increased health service use, and increased sick leave over and above the effects of depression and anxiety [47].”
Self-citationComplicated grief and related bereavement issues for DSM-5
Shear, M. K., Simon, N. M., Wall, M. M., Zisook, S., Neimeyer, R. A., Duan, N., Reynolds, C. F., Lebowitz, B. D., Sung, S. C., Ghesquiere, A., et al. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20780 · Cited by 1,121
“CG is associated with clinically significant distress and impairment including impairment in work and social functioning,[24–37] sleep disturbance,[38–41] disruption in daily activities,[42] suicidal thinking and behavior,[43–47] increased use of tobacco and alcohol,[16,41] and impairment in relationship functioning.”
BackgroundGonzales, R. G., Suárez‐Orozco, C., & Sanguineti, M. C. D. (2013) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/0002764213487349 · Cited by 366
“Respondents described a range of symptoms typically linked to unsolved grief (Lannen et al., 2008) like changes in appetite, trouble sleeping, anxiety, aggressiveness, anger, lack of desire to carry on, and decreased physical health including gastrointestinal symptoms and hair loss.”
BackgroundGrief and mourning gone awry: pathway and course of complicated grief
Shear, M. K. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.2/mshear · Cited by 293
“In general, death of a child is the most difficult kind of loss, and bereaved family members are at elevated risk for depression and anxiety for close to a decade after the loss.(4,5) In addition these parents are at risk for a range of physical illnesses.”
BackgroundSuicide bereavement and complicated grief
Tal Young, I., Iglewicz, A., Glorioso, D., Lanouette, N., Seay, K., Ilapakurti, M., & Zisook, S. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.2/iyoung · Cited by 291
Metadata
- Authors
- Lannen, P. K., Wolfe, J., Prigerson, H. G., Onelov, E., & Kreicbergs, U. C.
- Affiliations
- From the Phyllis F. Cantor Center; the Department of Psychooncology and Palliative Care Research; and the Department of Pediatric Oncology and the Center for Outcomes and Policy Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; and the Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; the Department of Psychology, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland; the Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology; and the Department of Women and Child's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- University of Bern (CH)
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Oncology
- Published
- 2008-12-20
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 36
- Pages
- 5870-5876
- ISSN
- 0732-183X (ISSN-L)
- 1527-7755
- PMC
- PMC2645112
- OpenAlex
- W2129225171
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 7.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Charles H. Hood Foundation
- Svenska Sällskapet för Medicinsk Forskning
- National Cancer Institute (K07CA096746)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative and Oncologic Care
- Keywords
- unresolved grief, parental bereavement, child cancer, bereaved parents, mental health, physical health, sleep disorders, health care utilization, sick leave, grief processing, parents
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Bereavement, Fathers, Female, Grief, Health Services, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Mothers, Neoplasms, Parents, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sweden, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
