Cited by 153Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentChild and Animal Learning DevelopmentEmotions and Moral Behavior

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Toddlers' empathy-related responding to distress: Predictions from negative emotionality and maternal behavior in infancy

Spinrad, Tracy L., Stifter, Cynthia A.·2006·Infancy

DOI 10.1207/s15327078in1002_1

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Abstract

This study focused on the predictive contributions of infants' temperamental negative emotionality (proneness to fear, anger), sex, maternal responsivity, and their interaction on toddlers' empathy‐related responding to distress in 3 contexts. Ninety‐eight infants and their mothers participated in a longitudinal study. When the infants were 10 months of age, mothers completed assessments of infant temperamental anger and fear, and maternal behaviors were observed in a free‐play setting. At 18 months of age, toddlers' empathy‐related responding to the distress of a stranger, a crying baby doll, and the mother was assessed. A series of hierarchical and logistic regressions were performed, and results indicated that infant fear predicted higher concerned awareness toward adults and higher personal distress reactions toward the mother. In addition, maternal responsivity predicted higher concerned attention and lower personal distress reactions toward the baby doll and mother. Findings also revealed several interaction effects to predict toddlers' empathy‐related responding to distress.

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10.2307/1130578 · DOI
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Authors: Spinrad, T. L., & Stifter, C. A.
ORCID: Spinrad, Tracy L.
Venue: Infancy
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-09
Volume: 10
Issue: 2
Pages: 97-121
ISSN: 1525-0008 (ISSN-L)
1532-7078
DOI: 10.1207/s15327078in1002_1
OpenAlex: W2156198431
Cited by: 153
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 8
FWCI: 4.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Infancy (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: empathy, toddlers, negative affectivity, infant fear, maternal responsiveness, maternal behavior, personal distress, sex differences, infant temperament, mother-infant interaction

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Toddlers' empathy-related responding to distress: Predictions from negative emotionality and maternal behavior in infancy

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