The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Effects of Visitor Density and Intensity on the Behavior of Two Captive Jaguars (Panthera onca)
Abstract
Several researchers have reported significant effects of visitor density and intensity on captive animal behavior. This study determined whether this was the case for 2 captive jaguars housed at the Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, WA. Subjects were monitored for changes in behavior as a function of visitor density and intensity. The jaguars were observed for 8 hr per week for 29 weeks--March 31 until October 11, 1998--for a total of 230 hr. Continuous frequency sampling was used, and visitor density and intensity were recorded every minute. Parametric statistics were used to test for correlations between behavior and density, intensity, or a combination of the two. Both density and intensity were significant for time spent non-visible for both cats, and intensity showed a significant effect on the female's pacing behavior. In addition, the male cat exhibited a trend for increased aggression based on both visitor density and intensity and a trend of intensity affecting his social behavior. In conclusion, both density and intensity had a significant effect on behavior, with intensity showing a larger effect.
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“increasing visitor numbers were associated with less time visible to the public in a range of species, including orangutans [77], jaguars [84] and siamangs [85].”
From The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [84]
In the citing paper
“An increase in time spent engaged in stereotypic behaviour with increased visitor numbers was observed in gorillas [54,93] pileated gibbon [94], jaguar [84], fennec foxes [35] and brown bears [95].”
From The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare (2019) · cites this paper as [84]
Citations
Cites
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Effects of Roads and Human Disturbance on Amur Tigers
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
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Items 101–108 of 108
COMPORTAMENTO INTRAESPECÍFICO DE SUÇUARANAS, Puma concolor (CARNIVORA, FELIDAE)
de Oliveira, N. C. R., Gomes, I. S. D. A., Lopes, F. S. C., Souza, J. F., & Maciel, C. (2023) · Wissen Editora eBooks · doi:10.52832/wed.57.364
Assessing Visitor Effects on Zoo Animals
Learmonth, M. J., & Hemsworth, P. H. (2024) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800622715.0007 · Cited by 1
Measuring the Visitor Experience
Chiew, S. J., Learmonth, M. J., & Hemsworth, L. M. (2024) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800622715.0011
Leroy, H., Montedoro, C., Guéry, J., & Hance, T. (2024) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106433 · Cited by 1
The case for a primary social drive: Revisiting definitions for primary drives
Christoffersen, M. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104696
EVALUATION OF ZOO VISITOR EFFECT ON THE BEHAVIOR OF SOME FELIDS FELIDAE FISCHER DE WALDHEIM, 1817
Veselova, N., & Palkina, P. O. (2024) · Бюллетень Московского общества испытателей природы. Отдел биологический · doi:10.55959/msu0027-1403-bb-2024-129-5-3-19
Animal–Visitor Interactions: Where Do We Go from Here?
Fernandez, E. J., Martinez, C., Brereton, J. E., & Moss, A. (2026) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani16193035
Comportamento de Onça-Parda (Puma concolor), no Zoológico de Campinas, frente à visitação pública
Maia, C. M. (2009) · Acervo Digital da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Universidade Estadual Paulista)
Metadata
- Authors
- Sellinger, R. L., & Ha, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- ORCID
- Ha, James C.
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 233-244
- ISSN
- 1088-8705 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7604
- OpenAlex
- W2136508445
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- jaguar, captive animal behavior, visitor density, zoo animal welfare, pacing behavior, aggression, social behavior, zoo visitors
- MeSH terms
- Aggression, Animals, Animal Welfare, Animals, Zoo, Behavior, Animal, Female, Housing, Animal, Humans, Male, Population Density, Time Factors, Panthera
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