The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
On Some Necessary Conditions of Learning
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to identify some necessary conditions of learning. To learn something, the learner must discern what is to be learned (the object of learning). Discerning the object of learning amounts to discerning its critical aspects. To discern an aspect, the learner must experience potential alternatives, that is, variation in a dimension corresponding to that aspect, against the background of invariance in other aspects of the same object of learning. (One could not discern the color of things, for instance, if there was only one color.) The study results illustrate that what students learn in a sequence of lessons is indeed a function of the pattern of variation and invariance constituted in that sequence. All teachers make use of variation and invariance in their teaching, but this study shows that teachers informed by a systematic framework do it more systematically, with striking effects on their students' learning.
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Citations
Cites
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
Bornstein, M. H., & Gibson, J. J. (1980) · The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/429816 · Cited by 22,935
(1999) · Cited by 12,812
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception: Classic Edition
Gibson, J. J. (2014) · doi:10.4324/9781315740218 · Cited by 12,132
Review of research in education
Shulman, L. S., Mowry, S., & Berliner, D. C. (1973) · F.E. Peacock eBooks · Cited by 7,754
Brown, A. L. (1992) · Journal of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1207/s15327809jls0202_2 · Cited by 4,000
Marton, F., & Booth, S. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203053690 · Cited by 3,697
Self-citationDesign Experiments in Educational Research
Cobb, P., Confrey, J., diSessa, A., Lehrer, R., & Schauble, L. (2003) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x032001009 · Cited by 3,548
Design-based research: Putting a stake in the ground
Barab, S., & Squire, K. (2004) · Journal of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1207/s15327809jls1301_1 · Cited by 2,642 · cited 1×
“…certain important commonalities with and certain important differences from design experiments, as characterized in recent discussions (see, e.g., Barab & Squire, 2004; Cobb, Confrey, diSessa, Lehrer, & Schauble, 2003; Collins, Joseph, & Bielaczyc, 2004; Kelly, 2003; Shavelson, Phillips, Towne,…”
The Teaching Gap: Best Ideas from the World's Teachers for Improving Education in the Classroom
(2000) · Journal of Curriculum Studies · doi:10.1080/00220270050167215 · Cited by 2,546
Design Research: Theoretical and Methodological Issues
Collins, A., Joseph, D., & Bielaczyc, K. (2004) · Journal of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1207/s15327809jls1301_2 · Cited by 1,923
Cited by
Greeno, J. G., & Engeström, Y. (2014) · The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139519526.009 · Cited by 493
Lobato, J., Hohensee, C., Rhodehamel, B., & Diamond, J. (2012) · Mathematical Thinking and Learning · doi:10.1080/10986065.2012.656362 · Cited by 59
Exploring capability to move – somatic grasping of house-hopping
Nyberg, G. B., & Carlgren, I. M. (2015) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/17408989.2014.882893 · Cited by 31
Maclellan, E., & Soden, R. (2012) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-011-9183-4 · Cited by 19
Metadata
- Authors
- Marton, F., & Pang, M. F.
- Venue
- Journal of the Learning Sciences
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 193-220
- ISSN
- 1050-8406 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7809
- OpenAlex
- W1986138555
- Cited by
- 431
- References
- 24
- FWCI
- 10.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
