Cited by 1,779Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety StudiesPersonality Traits and PsychologyObsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders

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Positive Conceptions of Perfectionism: Approaches, Evidence, Challenges

Stoeber, Joachim, Otto, Kathleen·2006·Personality and Social Psychology Review

DOI 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2

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Abstract

Almost 30 years ago, Hamachek (1978) suggested that 2 forms of perfectionism be distinguished, a positive form labeled "normal perfectionism" and a negative form labeled "neurotic perfectionism." Focusing on the positive, we present an overview of the different empirical conceptions of the 2 forms of perfectionism and a common framework for the 2 basic approaches: the dimensional approach differentiating 2 dimensions of perfectionism (perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns) and the group-based approach differentiating 2 groups of perfectionists (healthy perfectionists and unhealthy perfectionists). Moreover, we review the evidence demonstrating that (a) perfectionistic strivings are associated with positive characteristics and (b) healthy perfectionists show higher levels of positive characteristics compared to unhealthy perfectionists and nonperfectionists. Although questions on core facets, positive effects, and developmental antecedents of positive forms of perfectionism remain, our findings suggest that self-oriented perfectionistic strivings are positive, if perfectionists are not overly concerned about mistakes and negative evaluations by others.

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“For example, we now have a better understanding of the many guises perfectionism can take and the varied outcomes associated with the different perfectionism dimensions (Stoeber & Otto, 2006).”
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Background

See all 1,779

Authors: Stoeber, J., & Otto, K.
Affiliations: University of Kent (GB)
Leipzig University (DE)
ORCID: Stoeber, Joachim
Otto, Kathleen
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2006-11
Volume: 10
Issue: 4
Pages: 295-319
ISSN: 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
1532-7957
DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2
OpenAlex: W2144974643
Semantic Scholar: 785b3aa20a9b918778d9507b067697b21b6ae6a4
Cited by: 1,779
References: 122
Citations by year: 2026: 125 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 127 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 107 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 103 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 70
FWCI: 25.69
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Keywords: positive perfectionism, neurotic perfectionism, perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, self-oriented perfectionism
MeSH terms: Affect, Attitude, Humans, Personality, Social Perception

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Positive Conceptions of Perfectionism: Approaches, Evidence, Challenges

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