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Changes in Sleep Patterns and Depressive Symptoms in First-Time Mothers: Last Trimester to 1-Year Postpartum
Abstract
Thirty-eight 1st-time mothers were recruited from childbirth classes and were assessed at 4 different time periods: the last trimester of pregnancy, 2-4 weeks postpartum, 12-16 weeks postpartum, and 12-15 months postpartum. Measures included a daily sleep-wake diary and a depression scale (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, CES-D). Results reveal significant differences in week-day night sleep schedules (rise time, time awake due to disruptions, and nap time) at 2-4 weeks postpartum in comparison to other times of measurement. Total sleep time and bedtime was not significantly different between times of measurement. More depressive symptoms were reported at 2-4 weeks postpartum than at later postpartum measurements. Mothers who developed clinically elevated depressive symptoms (CES-D > or = 16) at 2-4 weeks postpartum reported more total sleep time, later rise times, and more time napping at the end of pregnancy in comparison to those mothers that reported fewer depressive symptoms (CES-D < 16) at 2-4 weeks postpartum.
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“Several prospective studies document the relationship between sleep disturbance during pregnancy and subsequent reports of depressive symptoms at a later time among perinatal women (later in pregnancy [81] or in the early postpartum period [79,82,83]).”
From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [79]
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Sleep Patterns and Fatigue in New Mothers and Fathers
Gay, C., Lee, K. A., & Lee, S. (2004) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800403262142 · Cited by 435
Sleep deprivation during pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcomes: is there a relationship?
Chang, J. J., Pien, G. W., Duntley, S. P., & Macones, G. A. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.05.001 · Cited by 339
Sleep and depression in postpartum women: a population-based study
Dørheim, S. K., Bondevik, G. T., Eberhard-Gran, M., & Bjorvatn, B. (2009) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.7.847 · Cited by 331
Harshaw, C. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0038101 · Cited by 302
Poor sleep quality increases symptoms of depression and anxiety in postpartum women
Okun, M. L., Mancuso, R. A., Hobel, C. J., Schetter, C. D., & Coussons‐Read, M. E. (2018) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-018-9950-7 · Cited by 297
Sleep quality and depression during pregnancy: a prospective study
SKOUTERIS, H., GERMANO, C., WERTHEIM, E. H., PAXTON, S. J., & MILGROM, J. (2008) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00655.x · Cited by 190
“Furthermore, research has shown that women who reported abnormal sleep patterns in late pregnancy had elevated symptoms of depression in the first few weeks postpartum (Wilkie and Shapiro, 1992; Wolfson et al., 2003).”
BackgroundInfluentialPark, E. M., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., & Stickgold, R. (2013) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-013-0356-9 · Cited by 186
“…of sleep have reported that mothers’ self-assessment of their sleep quality was strongly associated with their mood rating (Huang et al. 2004; Wolfson et al. 2003), and a 2009 cross-sectional, population-based study found that self-reported poor sleep quality was significantly associated…”
Patterns of Sleep Disruption and Depressive Symptoms in New Mothers
Goyal, D., Gay, C., & Lee, K. A. (2007) · The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.jpn.0000270629.58746.96 · Cited by 166
The relationship between sleep and postpartum mental disorders: A systematic review
Lawson, A., Murphy, K. E., Sloan, E. P., Uleryk, E. M., & Dalfen, A. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.017 · Cited by 175
“A minority of studies relied solely on unvalidated or unreliable measures of sleep and/or postpartum symptomatology (Chaudron et al., 2001; Dennis and Ross, 2005; Mead-Bennett, 1990; Piteo et al., 2013; Sharma et al., 2004; Swain et al., 1997; Wilkie and Shapiro, 1992; Wolfson et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSleep Quality in Women With and Without Postpartum Depression
Posmontier, B. (2008) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2008.00298.x · Cited by 156
Skouteris (2009) · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2008.10.004 · Cited by 153
“The second purpose was to confirm data suggesting that poor sleep quality is a risk factor for increases in depressive symptoms during pregnancy (Wilkie & Shapiro, 1992; Wolfson et al., 2003), which would have clinical implications.”
BackgroundResultNowakowski, S., Meers, J. M., & Heimbach, E. (2013) · Sleep Medicine Research · doi:10.17241/smr.2013.4.1.1 · Cited by 166
Changes in sleep quality, but not hormones predict time to postpartum depression recurrence
Okun, M. L., Luther, J., Prather, A. A., Perel, J. M., Wisniewski, S., & Wisner, K. L. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.07.015 · Cited by 154
“The extension of this relationship to depression occurring in the postpartum period has been evaluated with self-reported depressive symptoms (Goyal et al., 2007; Wolfson et al., 2003) rather than clinical diagnosis.”
Stremler, R., Hodnett, E., Kenton, L., Lee, K., Weiss, S., Weston, J., & Willan, A. (2013) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.f1164 · Cited by 145
Gunderson, E. P., Rifas-Shiman, S. L., Oken, E., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Kleinman, K. P., Taveras, E. M., & Gillman, M. W. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm298 · Cited by 142
Disturbed Sleep and Postpartum Depression
Okun, M. L. (2016) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0705-2 · Cited by 144
Sleep problems and depressed mood negatively impact health-related quality of life during pregnancy
Costa, D. D., Dritsa, M., Verreault, N., Balaa, C., Kudzman, J., & Khalifé, S. (2009) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0104-3 · Cited by 135
“Prior studies have found that the experience of sleep problems during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of depression both during the pregnancy and in the postpartum (Skouteris et al. 2008; Wolfson et al. 2003).”
Sleep Complaints in Late Pregnancy and the Recurrence of Postpartum Depression
Okun, M. L., Hanusa, B. H., Hall, M. H., & Wisner, K. L. (2009) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402000902762394 · Cited by 131
“…with previous reports that disturbed sleep is a prodromal symptom of both first-onset and recurrent depressive episodes (Coble et al., 1994; Ford & Cooper-Patrick, 2001; Perlis et al., 1997; Perlman, Johnson, & Mellman, 2006; Swain et al., 1997; Wolfson et al., 2003; Jomeen & Martin, 2007).”
BackgroundResultSleep and Mood during Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Bei, B., Coo, S., & Trinder, J. (2015) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2014.11.011 · Cited by 122
Kamysheva, E., Skouteris, H., Wertheim, E. H., Paxton, S. J., & Milgrom, J. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.09.015 · Cited by 113
“…research has shown that sleep quality is an antecedent todepressive symptoms (Ford andKamerow, 1989; Reid et al., 2006; Wilkie and Shapiro, 1992; Wolfson et al., 2003), our findings accord with Jomeen and Martin's (2007) conclusion that the relationship between sleep quality and depression may…”
Sleep disturbances in depressed and nondepressed pregnant women
Okun, M. L., Kiewra, K., Luther, J. F., Wisniewski, S. R., & Wisner, K. L. (2011) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20828 · Cited by 112
“[18,19,21] Yet, the importance of these associations has not been effectively translated onto pregnancy.[20,27] Therefore, the purpose of this study was first to describe and compare various sleep parameters between depressed and nondepressed women across pregnancy, and between women taking an selective serotonin reup…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialWilson, D. L., Barnes, M., Ellett, L., Permezel, M., Jackson, M., & Crowe, S. F. (2010) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2010.01252.x · Cited by 110
Link between insomnia and perinatal depressive symptoms: A meta‐analysis
Emamian, F., Khazaie, H., Okun, M. L., Tahmasian, M., & Sepehry, A. A. (2019) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12858 · Cited by 108
“Additionally, women with more sleep disturbances in late pregnancy demonstrated more de‐ pressive symptoms at 2–4 weeks after delivery than women with less sleep disturbances (Wolfson et al., 2003).”
BackgroundBhati, S., & Richards, K. C. (2015) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/1552-6909.12562 · Cited by 111
“, 2007; Tsai & Thomas, 2012), and very large (Bei et al., 2010; Goyal et al., 2009; Wolfson et al., 2003).”
BackgroundEstimated prevalence of antenatal depression in the US population
Ashley, J., Harper, B. D., Arms‐Chavez, C. J., & LoBello, S. G. (2015) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-015-0593-1 · Cited by 106
“A high occurrence of sleeping problems is also observed among depressed pregnant women (Field et al. 2008; Jomeen and Martin 2007; Ross et al. 2005; Wolfson et al. 2003).”
BackgroundSleep, rhythms and women's mood. Part I. Menstrual cycle, pregnancy and postpartum
Parry, B. L., Martínez, L. F., Maurer, E. L., López, A. M. V., Sorenson, D. L., & Meliska, C. J. (2006) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.09.003 · Cited by 95
Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia
Siebern, A. T., Suh, S., & Nowakowski, S. (2012) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0142-9 · Cited by 88
“Several prospective studies document the relationship between sleep disturbance during pregnancy and subsequent reports of depressive symptoms at a later time among perinatal women (later in pregnancy [81] or in the early postpartum period [79, 82, 83]).”
BackgroundIs insomnia in late pregnancy a risk factor for postpartum depression/depressive symptomatology?
Marques, M., Bos, S. C., Soares, M. J., Maia, B., Pereira, A. T., Valente, J., Gomes, A. A., Macedo, A., & de Azevedo, M. H. P. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.029 · Cited by 88
“…(Coble et al., 1994; Driver and Shapiro, 1992; Karacan et al., 1968; Lee et al., 2000; Matsumoto et al., 2003), based on subjective perceptions (Evans et al., 1995; Mindell and Jacobson, 2000; Wolfson et al., 2003) and using both objective and subjective assessments (Wulff and Siegmund, 2000).”
BackgroundKoutra, K., Vassilaki, M. E., Georgiou, V., Koutis, A., Bitsios, P., Kogevinas, M., & Chatzi, L. (2016) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796016001062 · Cited by 83
“Prior research suggests a possible relationship between sleep patterns during pregnancy and maternal mood during the postpartum period (Lee et al. 2000; Wolfson et al. 2003; Goyal et al. 2007; Chang et al. 2010; Tomfohr et al. 2015).”
BackgroundResultObjective and subjective sleep during pregnancy: links with depressive and anxiety symptoms
Volkovich, E., Tikotzky, L., & Manber, R. (2016) · Archives of Women's Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-015-0554-8 · Cited by 75
“2009a) and postpartum (Goyal et al. 2009; Wolfson et al. 2003) women.”
Brief Multiple Behavior Interventions in a College Student Health Care Clinic
Werch, C. E., Bian, H., Moore, M., Ames, S., DiClemente, C. C., & Weiler, R. M. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.06.003 · Cited by 87
“Sleep habits were measured using both quantity of sleep in hours each night, and frequency of getting enough sleep, taken from prior research on sleep patterns [25,26] (Alpha=.”
MethodNegotiating Sleep: A Qualitative Study of New Mothers
Kennedy, H. P., Gardiner, A., Gay, C., & Lee, K. A. (2007) · Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.jpn.0000270628.51122.1d · Cited by 79
Epperson, C. N., Rubinow, D. R., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., Deligiannidis, K. M., Riesenberg, R. A., Krystal, A. D., Bankole, K., Huang, M., Li, H., Brown, C., et al. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.143 · Cited by 82
Sleep and postpartum depression
Okun, M. L. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000206 · Cited by 81
Sharkey, K. M., Pearlstein, T. B., & Carskadon, M. A. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.046 · Cited by 78
“One group of 36 women followed with sleep diaries, for example, reported average delay in wake time of 52 minutes from 3rd trimester of pregnancy to 2–4 weeks postpartum (Wolfson et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialObeysekare, J. L., Cohen, Z. L., Coles, M. E., Pearlstein, T. B., Monzon, C., Flynn, E. E., & Sharkey, K. M. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0683-3 · Cited by 75
Subjective and objective sleep among depressed and non‐depressed postnatal women
Dørheim, S. K., Bondevik, G. T., Eberhard‐Gran, M., & Bjorvatn, B. (2008) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01272.x · Cited by 70
“(15), also using a validated cut-off (at the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), did not find any differences in postnatal sleep diaries according to depressive status, in line with the results from this study.”
ResultDisturbed Sleep, a Novel Risk Factor for Preterm Birth?
Okun, M. L., Luther, J. F., Wisniewski, S. R., Sit, D., Prairie, B. A., & Wisner, K. L. (2012) · Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2010.2670 · Cited by 61
Sharkey, K. M., Iko, I. N., Machan, J. T., Thompson‐Westra, J., & Pearlstein, T. B. (2015) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-015-0557-5 · Cited by 68
“Many reports confirm that women experience significant sleep disruption during pregnancy and the postpartum period (Coble et al. 1994; Doan et al. 2007; Driver and Shapiro 1992; Gay et al. 2004; Goyal et al. 2007; Hedman et al. 2002; Horiuchi and Nishihara 1999; Karacan et al. 1969; Kennedy et al. 2007; Lee et al. 200…”
González‐Mesa, E., Cuenca-Marín, C., Suárez-Arana, M., Tripiana-Serrano, B., Ibrahim-Díez, N., González-Cazorla, A., & Alonso, M. B. (2019) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm-2019-0214 · Cited by 71
Efficacy of a Brief Image-Based Multiple-Behavior Intervention for College Students
Werch, C. E., Moore, M., Bian, H., DiClemente, C. C., Ames, S. C., Weiler, R. M., Thombs, D. L., Pokorny, S. B., & Huang, I. (2008) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-008-9055-6 · Cited by 61
Taveras, E. M., Rifas‐Shiman, S. L., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Gunderson, E. P., Stuebe, A. M., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2010) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2010.117 · Cited by 61
“Several published studies have reported substantial sleep restriction and reduced sleep quality in the postpartum period and a few have found insufficient sleep to be associated with women’s mental health (17,18).”
BackgroundSleep disorders during pregnancy and postpartum depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Maghami, M., Shariatpanahi, S. P., Habibi, D., Heidari‐Beni, M., Badihian, N., Hosseini, M., & Kelishadi, R. (2021) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/jdn.10118 · Cited by 54
Associations between prenatal sleep and psychological health: a systematic review
Pauley, A. M., Moore, G. A., Mama, S. K., Molenaar, P. C. M., & Downs, D. S. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.8248 · Cited by 53
Sleeping problems during pregnancy—a risk factor for postnatal depressiveness
Pietikäinen, J. T., Polo‐Kantola, P., Pölkki, P., Saarenpää‐Heikkilä, O., Paunio, T., & Paavonen, E. J. (2018) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-018-0903-5 · Cited by 51
Is Paternal Infant Care Associated with Breastfeeding? A Population-Based Study in Japan
Ito, J., Fujiwara, T., & Barr, R. G. (2013) · Journal of Human Lactation · doi:10.1177/0890334413488680 · Cited by 48
“Similarly, more involved fathers may want to help their partner to sleep during the night by feeding their baby formula, since women experience significant sleep disturbance and fatigue during the postpartum period.(29-33) There was no association found between paternal involvement in housework and breastfeeding, alth…”
BackgroundNavas, A., Carrascosa, M. D. C., Artigues, C., Ortas, S., Portells, E., Soler, A., Yáñez, A. M., Bennasar‐Veny, M., & Leiva, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10112432 · Cited by 62
“Previous studies have shown that sleep problems during pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of depression both during pregnancy and postpartum [65,66].”
LeCheminant, J. D., Hinman, T. K., Pratt, K. B., Earl, N. R., Bailey, B. W., Thackeray, R., & Tucker, L. A. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01490.x · Cited by 48
“Furthermore, the sensitivity and specificity of the CES-D is 60% and 92%, respectively (Campbell & Cohn, 1991), and has been previously used in a postpartum population (Wolfson et al., 2003; Surkan et al., 2012; Tandon et al., 2012).”
MethodAre effects from a brief multiple behavior intervention for college students sustained over time?
Werch, C. E., Moore, M., Bian, H., DiClemente, C. C., Huang, I., Ames, S. C., Thombs, D. L., Weiler, R. M., & Pokorny, S. B. (2009) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.12.010 · Cited by 46
“Sleep was measured by assessing the number of hours usually slept each night during the past 30 days, and ranged from: 1=5 or fewer hours, 2=6 h, to 5=9 or more hours (Groeger et al., 2004; Wolfson et al., 2003).”
MethodXie, M., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Wang, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.13575 · Cited by 48
Factors Associated with Clinically Significant Insomnia Among Pregnant Low-Income Latinas
Manber, R., Steidtmann, D. K., Chambers, A. S., Ganger, W. C., Horwitz, S. M., & Connelly, C. D. (2013) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2012.4039 · Cited by 43
Allison, K. C., Wrotniak, B. H., Paré, E., & Sarwer, D. B. (2012) · Obstetrics and Gynecology International · doi:10.1155/2012/878607 · Cited by 42
Disturbed dreaming during the third trimester of pregnancy
Lara-Carrasco, J., Simard, V., Saint‐Onge, K., Lamoureux-Tremblay, V., & Nielsen, T. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.01.026 · Cited by 38
“Whereas DD constitute a substantial sleep disturbance in frequent nightmare sufferers [19–21], sleep disturbances in turn predict adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, such as postnatal depression, preterm birth, lower birth weight, and longer labour durations [22–28].”
BackgroundRosenberg, J. M., Kapp-Simon, K., Starr, J., Cradock, M., & Speltz, M. L. (2010) · The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal · doi:10.1597/09-210 · Cited by 39
“It is possible that, in particular, the Depression and Health subscale differences between mothers and fathers in this study are related to the depressive symptomatology, sleep disturbance, and other psychological and emotional difficulties experienced by many new mothers in the first few weeks or months of the postpa…”
Ladyman, C., & Signal, T. L. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2018.04.004 · Cited by 38
Sleep Disturbances and Symptoms of Depression and Daytime Sleepiness in Pregnant Women
Tsai, S., Lin, J., Wu, W., Lee, C., & Lee, P. (2016) · Birth · doi:10.1111/birt.12215 · Cited by 38
“These results were in line with those found in prior studies of pregnant women examining sleep and depression (2,6,28).”
BackgroundResultBrief integrative multiple behavior intervention effects and mediators for adolescents
Werch, C. E., Bian, H., Carlson, J. M., Moore, M., DiClemente, C. C., Huang, I., Ames, S. C., Thombs, D. L., Weiler, R. M., & Pokorny, S. B. (2010) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-010-9281-9 · Cited by 37
“These items were adopted from previous research on sleep patterns (Groeger et al. 2004; Wolfson et al. 2003 ).”
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Women's Health
Nowakowski, S., & Meers, J. M. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.01.002 · Cited by 38
Stremler, R., McMurray, J., & Brennenstuhl, S. (2019) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2019.1601629 · Cited by 35
Sarberg, M., Bladh, M. K., Svanborg, E., & Josefsson, A. (2016) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-016-0917-9 · Cited by 36
“A few studies have also explored the relationship between PPD and sleep during pregnancy, but they report diverging results and use different methods for measuring sleep associated factors [21–25].”
ResultBipolar affective disorder in the postnatal period: investigating the role of sleep
Bilszta, J. L. C., Meyer, D., & Buist, A. (2010) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00845.x · Cited by 35
Connolly, C. P., Feltz, D. L., & Pivarnik, J. M. (2014) · Kinesiology Review · doi:10.1123/kr.2013-0009 · Cited by 34
Habitual snoring and depressive symptoms during pregnancy
O'Brien, L. M., Owusu, J. T., & Swanson, L. M. (2013) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-13-113 · Cited by 32
“In recent years several studies have shown a relationship between poor sleep and depressive symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women [9-11,14,30-32].”
BackgroundMaternal subjective sleep quality and nighttime infant care
Gress‐Smith, J. L., Chambers, A. S., Ong, J. C., Tikotzky, L., Okada, R. L., & Manber, R. (2010) · Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology · doi:10.1080/02646831003727918 · Cited by 29
“For example, studies that used sleep diaries, as the present study did, did not find an association between infant care-taking or maternal sleep, and maternal depression during the first postpartum year (Dorheim et al., 2009; Goyal et al. 2007; Wolfson et al., 2003).”
ResultTaveras, E. M., Rifas‐Shiman, S. L., Rich-Edwards, J. W., & Mantzoros, C. S. (2010) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2010.09.008 · Cited by 28
Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period
Wolfson, A. R., & Lee, K. A. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-72-160797-7/50116-6 · Cited by 29
Postpartum Period and Early Motherhood
Stremler, R., Sharkey, K. M., & Wolfson, A. R. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00158-6 · Cited by 27
Sleep, daily activity rhythms and postpartum mood: A longitudinal study across the perinatal period
Krawczak, E. M., Minuzzi, L., Simpson, W. S., Hidalgo, M. P. L., & Frey, B. N. (2016) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2016.1167077 · Cited by 26
“For instance, studies comparing depressed and nondepressed women in the postpartum period have shown those with depression have worse self-reported sleep (Huang et al., 2004; Wolfson et al., 2003).”
Shaun, M. M. A., Nizum, M. W. R., Shuvo, M. A., Fayeza, F., Faruk, M. O., Alam, M. F., Ahmed, M. S., Zaman, S., Mali, S. K., & Hawlader, M. D. H. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03839-w · Cited by 24
Restless legs syndrome and pregnancy in Kayseri, Turkey: A hospital based survey
İsmailoğulları, S., Öztürk, A., Mazıcıoğlu, M. M., Serin, S., Gültekin, M., & Aksu, M. (2010) · Sleep and Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1111/j.1479-8425.2010.00437.x · Cited by 23
Kempler, L., Sharpe, L., Marshall, N. S., & Bartlett, D. J. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa101 · Cited by 21
Timing and variability of postpartum sleep in relation to daytime performance
McBean, A. L., & Montgomery‐Downs, H. E. (2013) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.09.003 · Cited by 23
“Postpartum women report later rise times compared to pregnancy (Swain et al., 1997; Wolfson et al., 2003), indicating a tendency towards delayed sleep timing during the postpartum period.”
BackgroundInfluentialSlyepchenko, A., Minuzzi, L., Reilly, J. P., & Frey, B. N. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.21m13991 · Cited by 21
Baiardi, S., Cirignotta, F., Cicolin, A., Garbazza, C., D’Agostino, A., Gambini, O., Giordano, A., Canevini, M., Zambrelli, E., Marconi, A. M., et al. (2016) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-016-1086-0 · Cited by 22
“Of special importance for the present project is the consistent finding that specific sleep abnormalities are already observed in never-depressed high-risk probands and predict the subsequent onset of depression [15, 16].”
BackgroundStress, sleep quality and unplanned C aesarean section in pregnant women
Ko, Y., Lin, P., & Chen, S. (2014) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/ijn.12267 · Cited by 20
Sleep Disturbances and Sleep-Related Disorders in Pregnancy
Izci‐Balserak, B., & Lee, K. A. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6645-3.00138-9 · Cited by 20
Sasaki, N., Yasuma, N., Obikane, E., Narita, Z. C., Sekiya, J., Inagawa, T., Nakajima, A., Yamada, Y., Yamazaki, R., Matsunaga, A., et al. (2020) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12155 · Cited by 19
“, to prevent sudden unexpected death in infancy); and medical causes of crying and parent self-care [32, 46, 47].”
BackgroundPreventing recurrence of postpartum depression by regulating sleep
Sharma, V., Sharkey, K. M., Palagini, L., Mazmanian, D. S., & Thomson, M. (2023) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/14737175.2023.2237194 · Cited by 17
Davies, S. M., Todd-Leonida, B. F., Fallon, V., & Silverio, S. A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19084494 · Cited by 16
“For instance, mothers with high levels of anxiety may be vulnerable to misinterpreting their infants’ behaviours [32], and therefore perceive typical infant waking as atypical [33,34].”
BackgroundVerma, S., Pinnington, D. M., Manber, R., & Bei, B. (2023) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.14021 · Cited by 15
“The pattern of change in sleep – wake timing observed in this study are generally consistent with a previous observation of progressively earlier rise-times from pregnancy to 12 – 15 months postpartum (Wolfson et al., 2003).”
BackgroundResultSharkey, K. M., Boni, G. M., Quattrucci, J. A., Blatch, S., & Carr, S. N. (2016) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2016.05.002 · Cited by 15
Evaluating Insomnia During Pregnancy and Postpartum
Lee, K. A., & Caughey, A. B. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-115-4_15 · Cited by 13
Shim, S. H., Lee, S. Y., Jung, I., Heo, S., Han, Y. J., Kwak, D. W., Kim, M. H., Park, H. J., Chung, J. H., Lim, J. H., et al. (2024) · Journal of Korean Medical Science · doi:10.3346/jkms.2024.39.e31 · Cited by 31
“33 Based on the results of these studies, collecting information of sleep duration and quality is important to identify women with high risk of PPD.”
BackgroundThe effect of postpartum sleep quality on mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy level
Bay, H., Ekşioğlu, A., Soğukpınar, N., & Turfan, E. Ç. (2022) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/03004430.2022.2078319 · Cited by 12
GAYLOR, E. E., & Manber, R. (2004) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9780203998007-9 · Cited by 12
Chiara, L. D., Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Koukopoulos, A. E., Kotzalidis, G. D., Bonito, M., Callovini, T., Roma, P., & Angeletti, G. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182312507 · Cited by 11
Reduced Verbal Memory Retention is Unrelated to Sleep Disturbance During Pregnancy
Wilson, D. L., Barnes, M., Ellett, L., Permezel, M., Jackson, M., & Crowe, S. F. (2012) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/j.1742-9544.2012.00076.x · Cited by 11
Subjective Sleep Quality in Depressed and Non-Depressed Mothers During the Late Postpartum Period
Cho, E. (2009) · Korean journal of women health nursing/Yeoseong geon'gang ganho hag'hoeji/Yeoseong geon-gang ganho hakoeji · doi:10.4069/kjwhn.2009.15.2.108 · Cited by 11
“이에 본 연구에서는 산욕부 주관적 수면의 질과 산후우울 과의 상관성에 관한 선행연구(Huang, Carter, & Guo, 2004; Wolfson et al., 2003)에 기초하여, 산후우울증의 조기발견과 조기치료에 목적을 둔 경증 산후우울 선별 기준(EPDS 총점 10점)에 따라 대상자를 산후우울군과 비우울군으로 분류한 다 음, 각 군의 수면의 질 특성과 관련요인간의 상관성을 비교분 석하였다.”
InfluentialEpidemiology of sleep disorders in pregnant subjects: A questionnaire based survey
Adhikari, T., Sen, M. K., Suri, J., & Vaidya, S. (2009) · Indian Journal of Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5005/ijsm-4-3-106 · Cited by 11
“The overall prevalence of sleep disorders are outlined in Table 9 maintenance of sleep (DIMS) in the later part of the pregnancy (12,13,14,15) and higher incidence of post partum blues (12,16).”
BackgroundKadam, K., Anvekar, A. R., & Unnithan, V. B. (2023) · Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science · doi:10.12701/jyms.2023.00087 · Cited by 12
“Previous studies have noted that alterations in sleep quality may not only lead to depressive symptoms during pregnancy [38] but may also be responsible for postpartum depression in the few weeks following delivery [39].”
Backgroundde Mola, C. L., Carpena, M. X., Dias, I. M., Meucci, R. D., Romero, P., & César, J. A. (2023) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2023.05.003 · Cited by 10
Yun, B. S., Shim, S. H., Cho, H. Y., Heo, S., Jung, I., Jeon, H. J., Han, Y. J., Kwak, D. W., Kim, M. H., Park, H., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.13602 · Cited by 10
Ladyman, C., Gander, P. H., Huthwaite, M., Sweeney, B., & Signal, T. L. (2020) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2020.1772265 · Cited by 8
“…poor sleep in early pregnancy predicts worsening depressive symptoms in later pregnancy (Eichler et al., 2019; H. Skouteris, Wertheim, Germano, et al., 2009) and poor sleep in late pregnancy presents an increased risk of postpartum depression (Tomfohr et al., 2015;Wolfson et al., 2003).”
BackgroundRonzio, C. R., Huntley, E. D., & Monaghan, M. C. (2012) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2011.642487 · Cited by 8
“In our sample, the mean WASO of 49 minutes is similar to actigraphy-derived WASOs in other studies of postpartum mothers ( Shinkoda, Matsumoto, & Park, 1999 ; Wolfson, Crowley, Anwer, & Bassett, 2003 ) and further supports the persistence of disturbed sleep beyond the initial months of the postpartum period.”
ResultDepression and sleep in the postnatal period. A study in Nepal and Norway.
Dørheim, S. K. (2009) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 8
Ward, B. A. (2007) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-042-7_8 · Cited by 6
“Poor sleep at the end of pregnancy may also increase the risk of postpartum blues [26, 70], although further research needs to be done to verify the role that sleep disruption plays in the subsequent development of postpartum depression.”
BackgroundInfluentialPregnancy-Related Sleep Disturbances and Sleep Disorders
Ward, B. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41400-3_9 · Cited by 6
Parimi, M., Marshall, C., & Prata, N. (2026) · Women's Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2025.10.009 · Cited by 4
Cox, R. C., Aylward, B. S., Macarelli, I., & Okun, M. L. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119523 · Cited by 4
Mao, F., Marroun, H. E., Kocevska, D., & Luik, A. I. (2025) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2025.106791 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolfson, A. R., Crowley, S. J., Anwer, U., & Bassett, J. L.
- Affiliations
- College of the Holy Cross (US)
- Venue
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 54-67
- ISSN
- 1540-2002 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-2010
- OpenAlex
- W2032765500
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioral Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Health and Development
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, sleep patterns, primiparous women, napping, bedtime, rise time, total sleep time, pregnancy, postpartum period
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depression, Female, Humans, Mothers, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Sleep Wake Disorders, Depression, Postpartum, Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm
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