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Cited by 331Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumSleep and related disordersInfant Health and Development

Sleep and depression in postpartum women: a population-based study

Open access
Dørheim, Signe Karen, Bondevik, Gunnar Tschudi, Eberhard-Gran, Malin, Bjorvatn, Bjørn·2009·SLEEP
DOI 10.1093/sleep/32.7.847PMC PMC2704916
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Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVES: (1) To describe the prevalence of and risk factors for postpartum maternal sleep problems and depressive symptoms simultaneously, (2) identify factors independently associated with either condition, and (3) explore associations between specific postpartum sleep components and depression. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Population-based. PARTICIPANTS: All women (n = 4191) who had delivered at Stavanger University Hospital from October 2005 to September 2006 were mailed a questionnaire seven weeks postpartum. The response rate was 68% (n = 2830). INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and depressive symptoms using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The prevalence of sleep problems, defined as PSQI > 5, was 57.7%, and the prevalence of depression, defined as EPDS > or = 10, was 16.5%. The mean self-reported nightly sleep duration was 6.5 hours and sleep efficiency 73%. Depression, previous sleep problems, being primiparous, not exclusively breastfeeding, or having a younger or male infant were factors associated with poor postpartum sleep quality. Poor sleep was also associated with depression when adjusted for other significant risk factors for depression, such as poor partner relationship, previous depression, depression during pregnancy and stressful life events. Sleep disturbances and subjective sleep quality were the aspects of sleep most strongly associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep was associated with depression independently of other risk factors. Poor sleep may increase the risk of depression in some women, but as previously known risk factors were also associated, mothers diagnosed with postpartum depression are not merely reporting symptoms of chronic sleep deprivation.

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  • The prevalence of a probable diagnosis of perinatal insomnia ranges from 41 to 58% of perinatal women.

    “The prevalence of a probable diagnosis of perinatal insomnia range from 41 to 58 % of perinatal women [54,71,72].”

    From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [71]

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Pallesen S, Nordhus IH, Omvik S, Sivertsen B, Matthiesen SB, Bjorvatn B. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Tidsskrift for norsk psykologforening 2005;42:714-7.
  2. APA. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statisti- cal manual of mental disorders, fourth edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994.
  3. Murray L, Cooper PJ. Postpartum depression and child develop- ment. Psychol Med 1997;27:253-60.
  4. Riecher-Rössler A, Rohde A. Diagnostic classification of perina- tal mood disorders. In: Riecher-Rössler A, Steiner M, eds. Peri- natal stress, mood and anxiety disorders: from bench to bedside. Basel: Karger; 2005:6-27.

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Authors
Dørheim, S. K., Bondevik, G. T., Eberhard-Gran, M., & Bjorvatn, B.
Affiliations
  • Stavanger University Hospital (NO)
  • University of Bergen (NO)
  • Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
Corresponding author
Dørheim, Signe Karen
ORCID
Venue
SLEEP
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2009-07
Volume
32
Issue
7
Pages
847-855
ISSN
  • 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
  • 1550-9109
DOI
10.1093/sleep/32.7.847
PMC
PMC2704916
OpenAlex
W177648084
Cited by
331
References
52
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 21
FWCI
14.72
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • SLEEP (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
Keywords
postpartum depression, sleep quality, sleep disorders, depressive symptoms, risk factors, primiparity, breastfeeding, infant characteristics, couple relationships, sleep deprivation, antenatal depression
MeSH terms
Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Norway, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Puerperal Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Sleep, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Wake Disorders, Stress, Psychological, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Odds Ratio, Postpartum Period, Young Adult

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