Thyroid Function Affects the Risk of Stroke via Atrial Fibrillation: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Open accessAbstract
Context: Observational studies suggest that variations in normal range thyroid function are associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains to be determined whether these associations are causal or not. Objective: To test whether genetically determined variation in normal range thyroid function is causally associated with the risk of stroke and coronary artery disease (CAD) and investigate via which pathways these relations may be mediated. Design, Setting, and Participants: Mendelian randomization analyses for stroke and CAD using genetic instruments associated with normal range thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine levels or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease. The potential mediating role of known stroke and CAD risk factors was examined. Publicly available summary statistics data were used. Main Outcome Measures: Stroke or CAD risk per genetically predicted increase in TSH or FT4 levels. Results: A 1 standard deviation increase in TSH was associated with a 5% decrease in the risk of stroke (odds ratio [OR], 0.95; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.91-0.99; P = 0.008). Multivariable MR analyses indicated that this effect is mainly mediated via atrial fibrillation. MR analyses did not show a causal association between normal range thyroid function and CAD. Secondary analyses showed a causal relationship between Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and a 7% increased risk of CAD (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13; P = 0.026), which was mainly mediated via body mass index. Conclusion: These results provide important new insights into the causal relationships and mediating pathways between thyroid function, stroke, and CAD. We identify variation in normal range thyroid function and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis as risk factors for stroke and CAD, respectively.
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Mendelian Randomization has shown how modest variation in thyroid status is associated with stroke and coronary artery disease.
“Mendelian Randomization has shown how modest variation in thyroid status is associated with stroke and coronary artery disease [76].”
From Age-related variation in thyroid function – a narrative review highlighting important implications for research and clinical practice (2023) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Marouli, E., Kus, A., Del Greco M, F., Chaker, L., Peeters, R., Teumer, A., Deloukas, P., & Medici, M.
- Affiliations
- Queen Mary University of London (GB)
- Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lubeck, Bolzano, Italy
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Universitätsmedizin Greifswald (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Marouli, Eirini
- Medici, Marco
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2020-05-06
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2634-2641
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- PMC
- PMC7316221
- OpenAlex
- W3023024567
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 6.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- British Heart Foundation (RG/14/5/30893)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias
- Keywords
- thyroid function, stroke, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, body mass index, causal inference, mediation analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Atrial Fibrillation, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Graves Disease, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Reference Values, Risk Factors, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyroid Gland, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Body Mass Index, Stroke, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Hashimoto Disease, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Datasets as Topic
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