Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Data from prospective cohort studies regarding the association between subclinical hyperthyroidism and cardiovascular outcomes are conflicting.We aimed to assess the risks of total and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality, CHD events, and atrial fibrillation (AF) associated with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism among all available large prospective cohorts. METHODS: Individual data on 52 674 participants were pooled from 10 cohorts. Coronary heart disease events were analyzed in 22 437 participants from 6 cohorts with available data, and incident AF was analyzed in 8711 participants from 5 cohorts. Euthyroidism was defined as thyrotropin level between 0.45 and 4.49 mIU/L and endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism as thyrotropin level lower than 0.45 mIU/L with normal free thyroxine levels, after excluding those receiving thyroid-altering medications. RESULTS: Of 52 674 participants, 2188 (4.2%) had subclinical hyperthyroidism. During follow-up, 8527 participants died (including 1896 from CHD), 3653 of 22 437 had CHD events, and 785 of 8711 developed AF. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, subclinical hyperthyroidism was associated with increased total mortality (hazard ratio[HR], 1.24, 95% CI, 1.06-1.46), CHD mortality (HR,1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.62), CHD events (HR, 1.21; 95%CI, 0.99-1.46), and AF (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.16-2.43).Risks did not differ significantly by age, sex, or preexisting cardiovascular disease and were similar after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, with attributable risk of 14.5% for total mortality to 41.5% forAF in those with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Risks for CHD mortality and AF (but not other outcomes) were higher for thyrotropin level lower than 0.10 mIU/L compared with thyrotropin level between 0.10 and 0.44 mIU/L(for both, P value for trend, .03). CONCLUSION: Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism is associated with increased risks of total, CHD mortality, and incident AF, with highest risks of CHD mortality and AF when thyrotropin level is lower than 0.10 mIU/L.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are particularly increased in men, in elderly patients with high-normal FT4 levels and in patients with underlying heart disease.
“Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are particularly increased in men, in elderly patients with high-normal FT 4 levels and in patients with underlying heart disease [71-73, 76, 77, 87, 91, 92, 94] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The Results and Comment sections report that cardiovascular risks associated with subclinical hyperthyroidism did not differ significantly by age, sex, or preexisting cardiovascular disease, contrary to the claimed concentration of risk in those groups. Men had slightly higher estimated risks, but the interaction was not statistically significant. The paper defines subclinical hyperthyroidism using normal FT4 levels; it does not report the claimed elevated risk in elderly patients with high-normal FT4. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe risk of atrial fibrillation in subclinical hyperthyroidism did not differ significantly by sex, age, or pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and was similar after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors or pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
“The risk did not differ significantly by sex, age or pre-existing cardiovascular disease, and was similar after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors or pre-existing CVD [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn an individual participant data meta-analysis, the overall hazard ratio for incident atrial fibrillation was higher in participants with subclinical hyperthyroidism than in those who were euthyroid, and the attributable risk for atrial fibrillation was 41.5% in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
“During a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, the overall HR for incident AF was higher in participants with SHyper than in those who were euthyroid, and the attributable risk for AF was 41.5% in patients with SHyper.”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSensitivity analyses excluding patients receiving thyroid medication during follow-up or with previous CVD did not alter the results.
“Sensitivity analyses excluding patients receiving thyroid medication dur-ing follow-up or with previous CVD did not alter these results.”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The Results report that excluding users of thyroxine or antithyroid drugs during follow-up yielded similar hazard ratios. For preexisting CVD, the Methods and Results describe stratified analyses and say risks did not differ significantly by CVD status; they do not describe a sensitivity analysis that excluded those patients. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAfter age- and sex-adjusted analyses, incident atrial fibrillation was significantly more common in participants with grade 2 subclinical hyperthyroidism (HR 2.54; 95% CI 1.08-5.99) than in those with grade 1 subclinical hyperthyroidism (HR 1.63; 95% CI 1.10-2.41; p for trend 0.02).
“After age-and sex-adjusted analyses, incident AF was significantly more common in participants with grade 2 SHyper (HR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.08-5.99)than in those with grade 1 SHyper (HR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.10-2.41;p for trend 0.02) [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The Results report the stated age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios and confidence intervals for incident atrial fibrillation at the two thyrotropin levels, and describe a significant trend toward higher risk at the lower level. They give the trend P value as ≤.03, not the exact .02 claimed. The hazard ratios are for each level relative to euthyroidism, rather than a direct grade 2-versus-grade 1 comparison. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The risk of stroke was not higher in subclinical hyperthyroidism patients versus euthyroid controls in the meta-analysis performed by the Thyroid Studies Collaboration Group.
“The risk of stroke was not higher in SHyper patients versus euthyroid controls in the meta-analysis performed by the Thyroid Studies Collaboration Group [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The Results report that stroke mortality was not higher in participants with subclinical hyperthyroidism than in euthyroid participants. The citing sentence says the risk of stroke was not higher, but the paper reports stroke deaths, not the risk of having a stroke. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSHyper was associated with increased mortality in a population-based study of 5,816 randomly selected adults not included in the meta-analysis by Collet et al.
“SHyper was associated with increased mortality in a population-based study [87] of 5,816 randomly selected adults not included in the meta-analysis by Collet et al. [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The Results (page not available) identify Collet et al. as a pooled analysis of 10 cohorts and state that three other cohorts were excluded. Our copy does not identify a study of 5,816 randomly selected adults, so it cannot establish that this particular study was absent from the meta-analysis. The separate citation [87], not Collet et al., is attached to the study’s mortality finding. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese meta-analyses performed sensitivity analyses excluding participants with missing values of FT4 and total FT3, and used the I2 statistic to assess heterogeneity across studies.
“Moreover, these meta-analyses performed sensitivity analyses excluding participants with missing values of FT 4 and total FT 3 , and used the I 2 statistic to assess heterogeneity across studies.”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The Methods section (page unavailable) says the authors used the I² statistic to assess heterogeneity across studies and performed a sensitivity analysis excluding participants with missing FT4 values. It does not say they excluded participants with missing total FT3 values; the T3 sensitivity analysis instead excluded participants with abnormal total or free T3 levels. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThree recent meta-analyses provide evidence, based also on IPD data, for treating SHyper with undetectable TSH because of an excess risk of total mortality, CHD mortality, HF, incident AF and fractures among adults with grade 2 SHyper.
“Three recent meta-analyses provide evidence, based also on IPD data, for treating SHyper with undetectable TSH because of an excess risk of total mortality, CHD mortality, HF, incident AF and fractures among adults with grade 2 SHyper [71,75,108,109] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The Comment reports an individual-participant-data analysis linking subclinical hyperthyroidism to total mortality, CHD mortality, and incident AF; CHD mortality and AF risks were greater with TSH below 0.10 mIU/L. It does not assess heart failure or fractures, and it cautions that its observational findings cannot establish whether treatment reduces risk. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn that IPD analysis, the age- and gender-adjusted HR for total mortality in SHyper was 1.24 (95% CI 1.06-1.46) compared to euthyroidism.
“The IPD analysis showed an age-and gender-adjusted HR for total mortality in SHyper of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.06-1.46)compared to euthyroidism.”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, the overall HR for CHD mortality was significantly higher in patients with grade 2 SHyper than in euthyroid individuals (HR = 1.84; 95% CI 1.12-3.00; p value for trend ≤ 0.03).
“However, in ageand sex-adjusted analyses, the overall HR for CHD mortality was significantly higher in patients with grade 2 SHyper than in euthyroid individuals (HR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.12-3.00;p value for trend ≤ 0.03) [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The attributable risk of total mortality in SHyper was 14.5%.
“All risks were similar after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors with an attributable risk of 14.5% for total mortality in SHyper [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The risk of CHD events was not significantly higher in grade 2 SHyper than in grade 1 SHyper.
“The risk of CHD events was not significantly higher in grade 2 SHyper than in grade 1 SHyper [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
Risks of total mortality in SHyper did not differ significantly by age or pre-existing CVD.
“Risks did not differ significantly by age or pre-existing CVD.”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
All risks were similar after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors.
“All risks were similar after further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors with an attributable risk of 14.5% for total mortality in SHyper [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
In an IPD analysis of six prospective cohorts, the age- and gender-adjusted HR for CHD events in patients with SHyper was 1.21 (95% CI 0.99-1.46) compared to euthyroidism.
“Compared to euthyroidism, the age-and gender-adjusted HR for CHD events in patients with SHyper was 1.21 (95% CI: 0.99-1.46).”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
In an IPD analysis of 10 prospective cohorts, SHyper was associated with an increased risk of total mortality.
“In an analysis of IPD data from 10 prospective cohorts, SHyper was linked to an increased risk of total mortality [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
Men had a slightly greater risk for total mortality and CHD mortality than women.
“Men had a slightly greater risk for total mortality and CHD mortality than women [71] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
The risks of CHD mortality and AF are greater among adults with grade 2 SHyper.
“The risks of CHD mortality and AF are greater among adults with grade 2 SHyper [71,75] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
Data from all available prospective cohort studies demonstrate that SHyper is associated with an increased risk of total mortality, CHD mortality and incident AF.
“Data from all the available prospective cohort studies demonstrate that SHyper is associated with an increased risk of total mortality, CHD mortality and incident AF.”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
Heterogeneity was present across studies for total mortality (I2 = 49%), but not for CHD mortality and CHD events (all I2 = 0%).
“Heterogeneity was present across studies for total mortality (I 2 = 49%), but not for CHD mortality and CHD events (all I 2 = 0%).”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
These meta-analyses assessed baseline cardiovascular risk factors, pre-existing CVD and thyroid-altering medication use, and stratified the analysis by age, sex, race and TSH categories.
“They assessed baseline cardiovascular risk factors, pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and thyroid-altering medication use, and stratified the analysis by age, sex, race and TSH categories [71,75] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
Two recent meta-analyses included IPD from all available prospective studies on the cardiovascular outcome of SHyper.
“The task force recognized that two recent meta-analyses have provided relevant information on the cardiovascular outcome of SHyper because they included IPD from all the available prospective studies [71,75] .”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
These meta-analyses demonstrate that SHyper is a potentially life-threatening condition.
“Although these meta-analyses do not show evidence that treatment is effective in improving the risks associated with untreated SHyper, they demonstrate that SHyper is a potentially life-threatening condition.”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
These meta-analyses do not show evidence that treatment is effective in improving the risks associated with untreated SHyper.
“Although these meta-analyses do not show evidence that treatment is effective in improving the risks associated with untreated SHyper, they demonstrate that SHyper is a potentially life-threatening condition.”
From The 2015 European Thyroid Association Guidelines on Diagnosis and Treatment of Endogenous Subclinical Hyperthyroidism (2015) · cites this paper as [71]
We cannot extrapolate the results of the Women's Health Initiative to younger women with premature ovarian failure.
“However, we cannot extrapolate these results to younger women with premature ovarian failure (219).”
From Hormonal Replacement in Hypopituitarism in Adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2016) · cites this paper as [219]
The COMMENT section says the study’s findings on subclinical hyperthyroidism have limited generalizability to younger adults because few young men and premenopausal women were included. A search of our copy for the Women’s Health Initiative and premature ovarian failure found no passage addressing whether that initiative’s results can be extrapolated to younger women. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRecent individual patient meta-analysis by the Thyroid Studies Collaboration did not find higher risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality among adults with subclinical hypothyroidism compared with those with euthyroidism.
“Recent individual patient meta-analysis by the Thyroid Studies Collaboration8,9,10,11 did not find higher risk of CVD and all-cause mortality among adults with subclinical hypothyroidism compared with those with euthyroidism”
From Association of subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease with mortality (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
Collet et al reported that the mortality risk at lower TSH concentrations was slightly greater in men than in women.
“Moreover, Collet et al10 reported that the mortality risk at lower TSH concentrations was slightly greater in men than in women.”
From Association of subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease with mortality (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
Previous studies have found an increased risk of CVD and mortality among people with high-normal thyroid function partially mediated by anticoagulant factors.
“Previous studies10,34,36,43 have found an increased risk of CVD and mortality among people with high-normal thyroid function partially mediated by anticoagulant factors.”
From Association of subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease with mortality (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
The attributable risk for atrial fibrillation in these patients was 41.5% and was not altered by existing cardiovascular disease or other cardiovascular risk factors.
“The attributable risk for AF was 41.5% in these patients, and it was not altered by the presence of existing CV disease or other CV risk factors (85).”
From Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as [85]
Grade 2 subclinical hyperthyroidism was associated with a higher risk of developing atrial fibrillation (HR 2.54) than grade 1 subclinical hyperthyroidism (HR 1.63).
“Moreover, grade 2 SHyper was associated with a higher risk of developing AF (HR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.99) than grade 1 SHyper (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.10 to 2.41) (85).”
From Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases (2018) · cites this paper as [85]
A low serum TSH concentration is associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular events, osteoporotic fracture, dementia, and death.
“Similarly, longitudinal studies have shown that a low serum TSH concentration is associated with a higher rate of cardiovascular events, osteoporotic fracture, dementia, and death (14, 17–20).”
From Serum Thyroid Function, Mortality and Disability in Advanced Old Age: The Newcastle 85+ Study (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
Both analyses concluded that SH confers an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, with hazard ratios of 1.52 and 1.29.
“Both analyses concluded that SH confers an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, with hazard ratios of 1.52 (390) and 1.29 (388).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [388]
In the individual-level meta-analysis, relative risks did not differ based on age, sex, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, or the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.
“In the individual-level meta-analysis, relative risks did not differ based on age, sex, pre-existing cardiovascular disease, or the presence of cardiovascular risk factors.”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [388]
A recent meta-analysis of individual-level data from 52,674 participants, pooled from 10 cohorts, concluded that SH confers a 24% increased risk of overall mortality.
“A recent meta-analysis of individuallevel data from 52,674 participants, pooled from 10 cohorts and providing greater power, concluded that SH confers a 24% increased risk of overall mortality (388).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [388]
The risk was greater in subjects with TSH levels <0.1 mU/L compared to those with TSH levels 0.1-0.4 mU/L.
“However, the risk was greater in subjects with TSH levels <0.1 mU/L compared to those with TSH levels 0.1-0.4mU/L.”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [388]
There have been two recent meta-analyses that examined this question, one of study-level data of 17 cohorts and the other of individual-level data in 52,674 participants.
“There have been two recent meta-analyses that examined this question, one of study-level data of 17 cohorts (390) and the other of individual-level data in 52,674 participants (388).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [388]
Some of these studies, including the meta-analyses, have also examined nonfatal cardiovascular events in SH, with similar increased risks.
“Some of these studies, including the meta-analyses, have also examined nonfatal cardiovascular events in SH, with similar increased risks (383,388,390,391).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [388]
The most recent data indicate that SH subjects appear to be at particular risk for the development of heart failure, especially older subjects and those with lower TSH levels.
“The most recent data indicate that SH subjects appear to be at particular risk for the development of heart failure (381,388,392), especially older subjects (381,392) and those with lower TSH levels (392).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [388]
Subsequent studies have confirmed that the risk of arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, is increased in SH.
“Sawin et al. (399) first reported a 2.8-fold increased risk of atrial fibrillation in SH subjects over age 60 years in 1994, and subsequent studies have confirmed that the risk of arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, is increased in SH (381,384,388,391,400,401).”
From 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis (2016) · cites this paper as [388]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823 · see citing works
Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139 · see citing works
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859 · see citing works
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · see citing works
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554 · see citing works
Toprak, Ö., Kurt, H., Sarı, Y., Şarkış, C., Us, H., & Kırık, A. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000468530 · Cited by 29,769 · see citing works
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944 · see citing works
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions: Cochrane Book Series
(2008) · doi:10.1002/9780470712184 · Cited by 25,048 · see citing works
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions
Higgins, J. P. T., Green, S., & Ben Van Den, A. (2020) · International Coaching Psychology Review · doi:10.53841/bpsicpr.2020.15.2.123 · Cited by 5,670 · see citing works
Schafer, J. L. (1999) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/096228029900800102 · Cited by 3,949 · see citing works
Systematic Reviews in Health Care : Meta-Analysis in Context
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., & Altman, D. G. (2000) · Cited by 2,312 · see citing works
Subclinical Thyroid Disease: Scientific Review and Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management
Surks, M. I., Ortiz, E., Daniels, G. H., Sawin, C. T., Col, N. F., Cobin, R. H., Franklyn, J. A., Hershman, J. M., Burman, K. D., Denke, M. A., et al. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.2.228 · Cited by 1,800 · see citing works
Self-citationMeta-analysis of individual participant data: rationale, conduct, and reporting
Riley, R. D., Lambert, P. C., & Abo-Zaid, G. (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c221 · Cited by 1,701 · see citing works
The Clinical Significance of Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction
Biondi, B., & Cooper, D. S. (2008) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2006-0043 · Cited by 1,418 · see citing works
Systematic Reviews in Health Care. Meta-analysis in Context.
Kleijnen, J., & Antes, G. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.3.697 · Cited by 1,373 · see citing works
Low Serum Thyrotropin Concentrations as a Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation in Older Persons
Sawin, C. T., Geller, A., Wolf, P. A., Belanger, A. J., Baker, E., Bacharach, P., Wilson, P., Benjamin, E. J., & D'Agostino, R. B. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199411103311901 · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
Subclinical Hypothyroidism and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality
Rodondi, N., den Elzen, W. P. J., Bauer, D. C., Cappola, A. R., Razvi, S., Walsh, J. P., Åsvold, B. O., Iervasi, G., Imaizumi, M., Collet, T.-H., et al. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1361 · Cited by 1,216 · see citing works
Self-citationBahn, R. S., Burch, H. B., Cooper, D. S., Garber, J. R., Greenlee, M. C., Klein, I., Laurberg, P., McDougall, I. R., Montori, V. M., Rivkees, S. A., et al. (2011) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.17.3.456 · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
Schafer, J. L. (1999) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1191/096228099671525676 · Cited by 920 · see citing works
Thyroid Status, Disability and Cognitive Function, and Survival in Old Age
Gussekloo, J. (2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.292.21.2591 · Cited by 899 · see citing works
Self-citationThe American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Taskforce on Hyperthyroidism and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis, Bahn, R. S., Burch, H. B., Cooper, D. S., Garber, J. R., Greenlee, M. C., Klein, I., Laurberg, P., McDougall, I. R., Montori, V. M., et al. (2011) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2010.0417 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Thyroid Status, Cardiovascular Risk, and Mortality in Older Adults
Cappola, A. R., Fried, L. P., Arnold, A. M., Danese, M. D., Kuller, L. H., Burke, G. L., Tracy, R. P., & Ladenson, P. W. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.9.1033 · Cited by 862 · see citing works
Regression Methods in Biostatistics: Linear, Logistic, Survival, and Repeated Measures Models
Lyles, R. H. (2006) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/jasa.2006.s90 · Cited by 790 · see citing works
Parle, J. V., Maisonneuve, P., Sheppard, M. C., Boyle, P., & Franklyn, J. A. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06067-6 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Self-citationRegression Methods in Biostatistics
Vittinghoff, E., Glidden, D. V., Shiboski, S. C., & McCulloch, C. E. (2012) · Statistics in the health sciences · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1353-0 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Self-citationExtended-Release Niacin or Ezetimibe and Carotid Intima–Media Thickness
Taylor, A. J., Villines, T. C., Stanek, E. J., Devine, P. J., Griffen, L., Miller, M. J., Weissman, N. J., & Turco, M. A. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0907569 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Simmonds, M. C., Higgins, J. P. T., Stewart, L. A., Tierney, J. F., Clarke, M. J., & Thompson, S. G. (2005) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1191/1740774505cn087oa · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Subclinical thyroid dysfunction as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease
Walsh, J. P., Bremner, A. P., Bulsara, M. K., O’Leary, P., Leedman, P. J., Feddema, P., & Michelangeli, V. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.21.2467 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of heart failure, other cardiovascular events, and death
Rodondi, N., Newman, A. B., Vittinghoff, E., de Rekeneire, N., Satterfield, S., Harris, T. B., & Bauer, D. C. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.21.2460 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Self-citationChi-squared goodness-of-fit tests for the proportional hazards regression model
Schoenfeld, D. (1980) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/67.1.145 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Meta-analysis: Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk for Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality
Ochs, N., Auer, R., Bauer, D. C., Nanchen, D., Gussekloo, J., Cornuz, J., & Rodondi, N. (2008) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-148-11-200806030-00225 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction on the Heart
Biondi, B., Palmieri, E. A., Lombardi, G., & Fazio, S. (2002) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-137-11-200212030-00011 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
A Solution to the Problem of Monotone Likelihood in Cox Regression
Heinze, G., & SCHEMPER, M. (2001) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2001.00114.x · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Gharib, H., Tuttle, R. M., Baskin, H. J., Fish, L. H., Singer, P. A., & McDermott, M. T. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1231 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Risk for Ischemic Heart Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Imaizumi, M., Akahoshi, M., Ichimaru, S., Nakashima, E., Hida, A., Soda, M., Usa, T., Ashizawa, K., Yokoyama, N., Maeda, R., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031089 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Biondi, B. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.12.4701 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Subclinical hyperthyroidism as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation
Auer, J., Scheibner, P., Mische, T., Langsteger, W., Eber, O., & Eber, B. (2001) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1067/mhj.2001.119370 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Helfand, M. (2004) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-140-2-200401200-00015 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Association between increased mortality and mild thyroid dysfunction in cardiac patients
Iervasi, G. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.14.1526 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Self-citationSubclinical Thyroid Dysfunction, Cardiac Function, and the Risk of Heart Failure
Rodondi, N., Bauer, D. C., Cappola, A. R., Cornuz, J., Robbins, J., Fried, L. P., Ladenson, P. W., Vittinghoff, E., Gottdiener, J. S., & Newman, A. B. (2008) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2008.07.009 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Prevalence of Undiagnosed Thyroid Disorders in a Previously Iodine-Deficient Area
Völzke, H., Lüdemann, J., Robinson, D. M., Spieker, K. W., Schwahn, C., Kramer, A., John, U., & Meng, W. (2003) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/105072503768499680 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiovascular involvement in patients with different causes of hyperthyroidism
Biondi, B., & Kahaly, G. J. (2010) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2010.105 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Association Between Serum Free Thyroxine Concentration and Atrial Fibrillation
Gammage, M. D. (2007) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.167.9.928 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Vanderpump, M. P. J., Tunbridge, W. M. G., French, J. M., Appleton, D. R., Bates, D., Clark, F., Evans, J. G., Rodgers, H., Tunbridge, F. K. E., & Young, E. T. (1996) · PubMed · doi:10.1089/thy.1996.6.155 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Vadiveloo, T., Donnan, P. T., Cochrane, L., & Leese, G. P. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2010-2693 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Haentjens, P., Van Meerhaeghe, A., Poppe, K., & Velkeniers, B. (2008) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-08-0110 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Boekholdt, S. M., Titan, S. M., Wiersinga, W. M., Chatterjee, K., Basart, D. C. G., Luben, R., Wareham, N. J., & Khaw, K. (2010) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03640.x · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationGharib, H., Tuttle, R. M., Baskin, H. J., Fish, L. H., SINGER, P. A., & McDermott, M. T. (2005) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2005.15.24 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Sgarbi, J. A., Matsumura, L. K., Kasamatsu, T. S., Ferreira, S. R. G., & Maciel, R. M. B. (2009) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-09-0845 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Self-citationThyrotropin Levels and Risk of Fatal Coronary Heart Disease: The HUNT Study
Åsvold, B. O., Bjøro, T., Nilsen, T. I. L., Gunnell, D., & Vatten, L. J. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.8.855 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationVölzke, H., Schwahn, C., Wallaschofski, H., & Dörr, M. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0179 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
The American Thyroid Association
(1961) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-21-8-1021a · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Ittermann, T., Haring, R., Sauer, S., Wallaschofski, H., Dörr, M., Nauck, M. A., & Völzke, H. (2009) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-09-0566 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationGoichot, B., Sapin, R., & Schlienger, J. L. (2009) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2008.110627 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chi-Squared Goodness-of-Fit Tests for the Proportional Hazards Regression Model
Schoenfeld, D. (1980) · Biometrika · doi:10.2307/2335327 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism: who, when and why to treat
Biondi, B. (2011) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/eem.11.69 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ross, D. S., Burch, H. B., Cooper, D. S., Greenlee, M. C., Laurberg, P., Maia, A. L., Rivkees, S. A., Samuels, M., Sosa, J. A., Stan, M. N., et al. (2016) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2016.0229 · Cited by 2,938 · see citing works
Hormonal Replacement in Hypopituitarism in Adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Fleseriu, M., Hashim, I. A., Karavitaki, N., Melmed, S., Murad, M. H., Salvatori, R., & Samuels, M. H. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2118 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Thyroid hormones and cardiovascular disease
Jabbar, A., Pingitore, A., Pearce, S. H. S., Zaman, A., Iervasi, G., & Razvi, S. (2017) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2016.174 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormones and Cardiovascular Function and Diseases
Razvi, S., Jabbar, A., Pingitore, A., Danzi, S., Biondi, B., Klein, I., Peeters, R., Zaman, A., & Iervasi, G. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.045 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Self-citationGencer, B., Collet, T.-H., Virgini, V., Bauer, D. C., Gussekloo, J., Cappola, A. R., Nanchen, D., den Elzen, W. P. J., Balmer, P., Luben, R. N., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.112.096024 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
Self-citationSubclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Fracture Risk: A Meta-analysis
Blum, M. R., Bauer, D. C., Collet, T.-H., Fink, H. A., Cappola, A. R., da Costa, B. R., Wirth, C. D., Peeters, R. P., Åsvold, B. O., den Elzen, W. P. J., et al. (2015) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2015.5161 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Self-citationBiondi, B., Bartalena, L., Cooper, D. S., Hegedüs, L., Laurberg, P., & Kahaly, G. J. (2015) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000438750 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Selmer, C., Olesen, J. B., Hansen, M. L., Lindhardsen, J., Olsen, A.-M. S., Madsen, J. C., Faber, J., Hansen, P. R., Pedersen, O. D., Torp-Pedersen, C., et al. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e7895 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Taylor, P. N., Iqbal, A., Minassian, C., Sayers, A., Draman, M. S., Greenwood, R., Hamilton, W., Okosieme, O., Panicker, V., Thomas, S. L., et al. (2014) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.11312 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Genome-wide analyses identify a role for SLC17A4 and AADAT in thyroid hormone regulation
Teumer, A., Chaker, L., Groeneweg, S., Li, Y., Di Munno, C., Barbieri, C., Schultheiss, U. T., Traglia, M., Ahluwalia, T. S., Akiyama, M., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06356-1 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Self-citationSelmer, C., Olesen, J. B., Hansen, M. L., von Kappelgaard, L. M., Madsen, J. C., Hansen, P. R., Pedersen, O. D., Faber, J., Torp-Pedersen, C., & Gislason, G. H. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2013-4184 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Heart failure and thyroid dysfunction
Biondi, B. (2012) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-12-0627 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Treatment with thyroid hormone
Biondi, B., & Wartofsky, L. (2014) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2013-1083 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Thyroid Dysfunction in Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Outcomes
Kannan, L., Shaw, P. A., Morley, M. P., Brandimarto, J., Fang, J. C., Sweitzer, N. K., Cappola, T. P., & Cappola, A. R. (2018) · Circulation: Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005266 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citationMedici, M., Porcu, E., Pistis, G., Teumer, A., Brown, S. J., Jensen, R. A., Rawal, R., Roef, G. L., Plantinga, T. S., Vermeulen, S. H., et al. (2014) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004123 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Thyroid Function in the Euthyroid Range and Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults
Cappola, A. R., Arnold, A. M., Wulczyn, K., Carlson, M., Robbins, J., & Psaty, B. M. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-3586 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular disease with mortality
Inoue, K., Ritz, B., Brent, G. A., Ebrahimi, R., Rhee, C. M., & Leung, A. M. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20745 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Ehrenkranz, J., Bach, P. R., Snow, G. L., Schneider, A., Lee, J. L., Ilstrup, S., Bennett, S. T., & Benvenga, S. (2015) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0589 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Thayakaran, R., Adderley, N. J., Sainsbury, C., Torlinska, B., Boelaert, K., Šumilo, D., Price, M., Thomas, G. N., Toulis, K. A., & Nirantharakumar, K. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l4892 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Biondi, B., & Cooper, D. S. (2018) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp1709318 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
The influence of thyroid function on the coagulation system and its clinical consequences
Elbers, L. P. B., Fliers, E., & Cannegieter, S. C. (2018) · Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis · doi:10.1111/jth.13970 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Changes in the prevalence of hypothyroidism: the HUNT Study in Norway
Åsvold, B. O., Vatten, L. J., & Bjøro, T. (2013) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-13-0459 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Self-citationÅsvold, B. O., Bjøro, T., Platou, C., & Vatten, L. J. (2012) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04477.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationThyroid Function and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Prospective Population-Based Cohort Study
Chaker, L., van den Berg, M. E., Niemeijer, M. N., Franco, O. H., Dehghan, A., Hofman, A., Rijnbeek, P. R., Deckers, J. W., Eijgelsheim, M., Stricker, B. H. C., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.020789 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Mammen, J. S., McGready, J., Oxman, R., Chia, C. W., Ladenson, P. W., & Simonsick, E. M. (2015) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0180 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Serum Thyroid Function, Mortality and Disability in Advanced Old Age: The Newcastle 85+ Study
Pearce, S. H. S., Razvi, S., Yadegarfar, M. E., Martin-Ruiz, C., Kingston, A., Collerton, J., Visser, T. J., Kirkwood, T. B., & Jagger, C. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1935 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Clinical aspects of thyroid function during ageing
Chaker, L., Cappola, A. R., Mooijaart, S. P., & Peeters, R. P. (2018) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30028-7 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationChaker, L., Baumgartner, C., den Elzen, W. P. J., Collet, T.-H., Ikram, M. A., Blum, M. R., Dehghan, A., Drechsler, C., Luben, R. N., Portegies, M. L. P., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-2255 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationVita, R., Saraceno, G., Trimarchi, F., & Benvenga, S. (2013) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-012-9772-2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Segna, D., Bauer, D. C., Feller, M., Schneider, C., Fink, H. A., Aubert, C. E., Collet, T. ‐., da Costa, B. R., Fischer, K., Peeters, R. P., et al. (2018) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12688 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk for Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Wirth, C. D., Blum, M. R., da Costa, B. R., Baumgartner, C., Collet, T.-H., Medici, M., Peeters, R. P., Aujesky, D., Bauer, D. C., & Rodondi, N. (2014) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m14-0125 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationBrandt, F., Almind, D., Christensen, K., Green, A., Brix, T. H., & Hegedüs, L. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-2268 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Thyroid dysfunction in the elderly
Boelaert, K. (2013) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2013.30 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Sterenborg, R. B. T. M., Steinbrenner, I., Li, Y., Bujnis, M. N., Naito, T., Marouli, E., Galesloot, T. E., Babajide, O., Andreasen, L., Astrup, A., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-44701-9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Relation of hypothyroidism and incident atrial fibrillation (from the Framingham Heart Study)
Kim, E.-J., Lyass, A., Wang, N., Massaro, J. M., Fox, C. S., Benjamin, E. J., & Magnani, J. W. (2014) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.10.012 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chaker, L., Baumgartner, C., Ikram, M. A., Dehghan, A., Medici, M., Visser, W. E., Hofman, A., Rodondi, N., Peeters, R. P., & Franco, O. H. (2014) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-014-9946-8 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationCollet, T.-H., Bauer, D. C., Cappola, A. R., Åsvold, B. O., Weiler, S., Vittinghoff, E., Gussekloo, J., Bremner, A., den Elzen, W. P. J., Maciel, R. M. B., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1250 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationThyroxine replacement: a clinical endocrinologist’s viewpoint
Eligar, V, Taylor, P., Okosieme, O., Leese, G., & Dayan, C. (2016) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/0004563216642255 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Duration of Thyroid Dysfunction Correlates with All-Cause Mortality. The OPENTHYRO Register Cohort
Laulund, A. S., Nybo, M., Brix, T. H., Abrahamsen, B., Jørgensen, H. L., & Hegedüs, L. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110437 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Bano, A., Dhana, K., Chaker, L., Kavousi, M., Ikram, M. A., Mattace-Raso, F. U. S., Peeters, R. P., & Franco, O. H. (2017) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.4836 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Ceresini, G., Ceda, G. P., Lauretani, F., Maggio, M., Usberti, E., Marina, M., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., Valenti, G., & Ferrucci, L. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12267 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Garin, M. C., Arnold, A. M., Lee, J. S., Robbins, J., & Cappola, A. R. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-1051 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, Y., Derakhshan, A., Hysaj, O., Wildisen, L., Ittermann, T., Pingitore, A., Abolhassani, N., Medici, M., Kiemeney, L. A. L. M., Riksen, N. P., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00227-9 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationSohn, S. Y., Lee, E., Lee, M. K., & Lee, J. H. (2020) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2020.728 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hoermann, R., Midgley, J. E. M., Larisch, R., & Dietrich, J. W. (2013) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-12-0819 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Thyroid and heart, a clinically relevant relationship
Corona, G., Croce, L., Sparano, C., Petrone, L., Sforza, A., Maggi, M., Chiovato, L., & Rotondi, M. (2021) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-021-01590-9 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Thyroid Function Affects the Risk of Stroke via Atrial Fibrillation: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Marouli, E., Kus, A., Del Greco M, F., Chaker, L., Peeters, R., Teumer, A., Deloukas, P., & Medici, M. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa239 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Guglielmi, R., Grimaldi, F., Negro, R., Frasoldati, A., Misischi, I., Graziano, F., Cipri, C., Guastamacchia, E., Triggiani, V., & Papini, E. (2018) · Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871530318666180125155348 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Use of Thyroid Hormones in Hypothyroid and Euthyroid Patients; the 2019 Italian Survey
Negro, R., Attanasio, R., Nagy, E. V., Papini, E., Perros, P., & Hegedüs, L. (2020) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1159/000502057 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Vaisman (2014) · PubMed · doi:10.3275/8810 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Abdel-Moneim, A., Gaber, A. M., Gouda, S., Osama, A., Othman, S. I., & Allam, G. (2020) · Hormones · doi:10.1007/s42000-020-00208-8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Central hypothyroidism and its role for cardiovascular risk factors in hypopituitary patients
Feldt-Rasmussen, U., & Klose, M. (2016) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-016-1047-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Functional Capacity Among Elderly
Virgini, V. S., Wijsman, L. W., Rodondi, N., Bauer, D. C., Kearney, P. M., Gussekloo, J., den Elzen, W. P. J., Jukema, J. W., Westendorp, R. G. J., Ford, I., et al. (2014) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2013.0071 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationSubclinical Hyperthyroidism: A Review of the Clinical Literature
Tsai, K., & Leung, A. M. (2021) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.1016/j.eprac.2021.02.002 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Gorenek, B., Boriani, G., Dan, G.-A., Fauchier, L., Fenelon, G., Huang, H., Kudaiberdieva, G., Lip, G. Y. H., Mahajan, R., Potpara, T., et al. (2018) · EP Europace · doi:10.1093/europace/euy051 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormone Therapy and Incident Stroke
Papaleontiou, M., Levine, D. A., Reyes-Gastelum, D., Hawley, S. T., Banerjee, M., & Haymart, M. R. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab444 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Thyroid functional disease and mortality in a national peritoneal dialysis cohort.
Rhee, C. M., Ravel, V. A., Streja, E., Mehrotra, R., Kim, S., Wang, J., Nguyen, D. V., Kovesdy, C. P., Brent, G. A., & Kalantar-Zadeh, K. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1691 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Mammen, J. S., McGready, J., Ladenson, P. W., & Simonsick, E. M. (2017) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2017.0211 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics of L-Triiodothyronine in Patients Undergoing Thyroid Hormone Therapy Withdrawal
Van Tassell, B., Wohlford, G. F., Linderman, J. D., Smith, S., Yavuz, S., Pucino, F., & Celi, F. S. (2019) · Thyroid® · doi:10.1089/thy.2019.0101 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Vigário, P. D. S., Chachamovitz, D. S. D. O., Teixeira, P. D. F. D. S., Rocque, M. D. L., Santos, M. L. D., & Vaisman, M. (2014) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia · doi:10.1590/0004-2730000002968 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Wang, H., & Zhang, X. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad558 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The Natural History of Subclinical Hyperthyroidism in Graves’ Disease: The Rule of Thirds
Zhyzhneuskaya, S., Addison, C., Tsatlidis, V., Weaver, J. U., & Razvi, S. (2016) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2015.0470 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Prevalence and factors associated with chronic use of levothyroxine: A cohort study
Janett-Pellegri, C., Wildisen, L., Feller, M., Del Giovane, C., Moutzouri, E., Grolimund, O., Walter, P., Waeber, G., Marques-Vidal, P., Vollenweider, P., et al. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261160 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationScreening and Treating Subclinical Thyroid Disease: Getting Past the Impasse
Cappola, A. R., & Cooper, D. S. (2015) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m15-0640 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Collet, T.-H., Gussekloo, J., Bauer, D. C., den Elzen, W. P. J., Cappola, A. R., Balmer, P., Iervasi, G., Åsvold, B. O., Sgarbi, J. A., Völzke, H., Gencer, B., Maciel, R. M. B., Molinaro, S., Bremner, A., Luben, R. N., Maisonneuve, P., Cornuz, J., Newman, A. B., Khaw, K.-T., Westendorp, R. G. J., Franklyn, J. A., Vittinghoff, E., Walsh, J. P., Rodondi, N., & Thyroid Studies Collaboration, F. T.
- Affiliations
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Leiden University (NL)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio (IT)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- Governo do Estado de São Paulo (BR)
- Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (AU)
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- European Institute of Oncology (IT)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Rodondi, Nicolas
- ORCID
- Collet, Tinh-Hai
- Gussekloo, Jacobijn
- Bauer, Douglas C.
- Cappola, Anne R.
- Iervasi, Giorgio
- Åsvold, Bjørn O.
- Sgarbi, José A.
- Völzke, Henry
- Gencer, Bariş
- Maciel, Rui M. B.
- Molinaro, Sabrina
- Bremner, Alexandra
- Luben, Robert N.
- Maisonneuve, Patrick
- Cornuz, Jacques
- Newman, Anne B.
- Khaw, Kay-Tee
- Westendorp, Rudi G. J.
- Vittinghoff, Eric
- Walsh, John P.
- Rodondi, Nicolas
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2012-05-28
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 799-809
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3872478
- OpenAlex
- W2113900128
- Semantic Scholar
- e4fd46bb79e21185888a9e7368fc8ae977e50f23
- Cited by
- 572
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 43 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 33.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- UNIFESP Institutional Repository (Universidade Federal de São Paulo) (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- American Heart Association
- University of Pittsburgh (P30-AG024827)
- Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
- Cancer Research UK
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (15103, 138267, 20098, 320030)
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (911-03-016)
- Universität Greifswald
- Ministry of Cultural Affairs
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc085082-026, n01hc085081-021, n01ag062101-007, n01hc085079-024, n01hc085084-005, n01ag062103-006, n01hc085085-011, n01hc085083-027, n01hc085080-026, n01ag062106-007, n01hc085086-022, n01hc55222-0-0-0, n01hc075150-004)
- Medical Research Council
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health
- National Institute on Aging (N01‐AG‐6–2101, R01‐NR012459, N01HC85079, N01 HC‐15103, R01AG028050, NIA grant R01-AG-028050, AG 20098, R56AG023629, AG-15928, R01AG032317, N01HC55222, N01‐HC‐35129, N01-HC-75150, R01AG020098, R01-AG-15928, R01 AG20098, AG023629, AG027058, N01AG62106, HL080295, 024827, N01‐HC‐45133, N01‐HC‐85086, R01AG023629, R01AG015928, N01-AG-62103, R01AG027058, AG-032317, P30AG024827)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-85081, N01HC85085, N01 HC085086, AG-023629, N01HC-85083, AG-027058, R01-NR012459, N01HC15103, N01 HC085079, N01HC85082, N01HC‐75150, N01 HC85086, AG-20098, HL-075366, N01HC85080, N01AG62101, N01HC80007, N01 HC55222, R01HL075366, N01‐HC‐45133, N01AG62106, U01HL080295, N01 HC055222, N01AG62103, AG-15928, N01-HC-85079 through N01-HC-85086, HL080295, N01 HC075150, N01-HC85079, N01-HC85084, N01HC35129)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (N01-AG-6–2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6–2106, R01NR012459)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (N01-AG-6-2106, N01-AG-6-2103, AG023629, AG‐15928, AG‐027058, AG‐20098, N01-HC-75150, R01-NR012459, HL080295, N01-HC-35129, N01-HC-45133, N01-AG-6-2101, R01-AG028050, N01-HC-85086, N01 HC-55222, N01HC85079, N01-HC-15103)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (K24AR051895)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- subclinical hyperthyroidism, coronary artery disease, mortality, atrial fibrillation, thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, cardiovascular risk, attributable risk, thyroid function
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Atrial Fibrillation, Cause of Death, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Switzerland, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyrotropin, Cohort Studies, Survival Analysis, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Risk Assessment, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
