Women with Turner syndrome are both estrogen and androgen deficient—the impact of hormone replacement therapy
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Women with Turner syndrome (TS) suffer from hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, causing a deficit in gonadal hormone secretion. As a consequence, these women are treated with estrogen from the age of 12 years, and later in combination with progesterone. However, androgens have been given less attention. OBJECTIVE: To assess sex hormone levels in women with TS, both those treated and those nontreated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and investigate the impact of HRT on sex hormone levels. METHODS: At Aarhus University Hospital, 99 women with TS were followed 3 times from August 2003 to February 2010. Seventeen were lost during follow-up. Control group 1 consisted of 68 healthy age-matched control women seen once during this period. Control group 2 consisted of 28 young, eumenorrheic women sampled 9 times throughout the same menstrual cycle. Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17β-estradiol, estrone sulfate, DHEAS, testosterone, free androgen index, androstenedione, 17-OH progesterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were analyzed. RESULTS: All androgens, 17-OH progesterone, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were 30% to 50% lower in TS compared with controls (P < 0.01). FSH, LH, and estrone sulfate were more than doubled in women with TS compared with controls (P < 0.02). Using principal component analysis, we describe a positive correlation between women with TS receiving HRT, elevated levels of SHBG, and decreased levels of androgens. CONCLUSION: The sex hormone profile in TS reveals a picture of androgen deficiency, aggravated further by HRT. Conventional HRT does not normalize estradiol levels in TS.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many young women with Turner syndrome benefit from a higher dose of estrogen than their older peers, exceeding 2 mg E2 orally or 50 mcg transdermally.
“Many young women with TS benefit from a higher dose of estrogen than their older peers, that is, exceeding 2 mg E2 orally or 50 mcg TD.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [303]
Higher estrogen doses are particularly important for achieving maximal uterine growth and development as options for fertility treatment increase.
“This is particularly important for achieving maximal uterine growth and development as options for fertility treatment increase.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [303]
Viuff et al. reported that E2 concentrations during hormone replacement therapy in Turner syndrome were comparable to controls only at early follicular phase, suggesting that the current regimen does not fully normalize E2 concentrations in Turner syndrome.
“Viuff et al. reported that E2 concentrations during HRT in TS were comparable to controls only at early follicular phase suggesting that the current regimen does not fully normalize E2 concentrations in TS.”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [303]
It is not feasible to mimic the physiological cyclic variations of the adult woman with intact ovarian function.
“As previously discussed, it is not feasible to mimic the physiological cyclic variations of the adult woman with intact ovarian function so all risks and benefits of options need to be considered.303”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [303]
Androgen concentrations are 30%-50% lower in women with TS than in controls.
“Viuff et al. showed that androgen concentrations are 30%-50% lower in women with TS than in controls.303”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [303]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
FactoMineR : An R Package for Multivariate Analysis
Lê, S., Josse, J., & Husson, F. (2008) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v025.i01 · Cited by 11,682 · see citing works
Lever, J., Krzywinski, M. I., & Altman, N. (2017) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.4346 · Cited by 1,468 · see citing works
Gravholt, C. H., Andersen, N. H., Conway, G. S., Dekkers, O. M., Geffner, M. E., Klein, K. O., Lin, A. E., Mauras, N., Quigley, C. A., Rubin, K., et al. (2017) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-17-0430 · Cited by 1,101 · see citing works
Self-citationAndrogen Levels in Adult Females: Changes with Age, Menopause, and Oophorectomy
Davison, S. L., Bell, R., Donath, S., Montalto, J. G., & Davis, S. R. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0212 · Cited by 998 · see citing works
Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men
Ding, E. L., Song, Y., Manson, J. E., Hunter, D. J., Lee, C. C., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E., Gaziano, J. M., & Liu, S. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0804381 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Androgen therapy in women: a reappraisal: an Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Wierman, M. E., Arlt, W., Basson, R., Davis, S. R., Miller, K. K., Murad, M. H., Rosner, W., & Santoro, N. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2260 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Testosterone in women—the clinical significance
Davis, S. R., & Wåhlin-Jacobsen, S. (2015) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00284-3 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Sex hormone-binding globulin mediates steroid hormone signal transduction at the plasma membrane
Rosner, W., Hryb, D. J., Khan, M., Nakhla, A. M., & Romas, N. A. (1999) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(99)00070-9 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Parish, S. J., Simon, J. A., Davis, S. R., Giraldi, A. G. E., Goldstein, I., Goldstein, S. W., Kim, N. N., Kingsberg, S. A., Morgentaler, A., Nappi, R. E., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.10.009 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Estrogen replacement in Turner syndrome: literature review and practical considerations
Klein, K. O., Rosenfield, R. L., Santen, R. J., Gawlik, A. M., Backeljauw, P. F., Gravholt, C. H., Sas, T. C. J., & Mauras, N. (2018) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-02183 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Estrogen metabolism in abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in postmenopausal women
Hetemäki, N., Savolainen-Peltonen, H., Tikkanen, M. J., Wang, F., Paatela, H., Hämäläinen, E., Turpeinen, U., Haanpää, M., Vihma, V., & Mikkola, T. S. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01474 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Effect of Postmenopausal Estrogen Replacement on Circulating Androgens
Casson, P. R. (1997) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(97)00538-3 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Davis, S. R., & Braunstein, G. D. (2012) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1743-6109.2011.02634.x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Androgens During the Reproductive Years: What Is Normal for Women?
Skiba, M. A., Bell, R. J., Islam, R. M., Handelsman, D. J., Desai, R., & Davis, S. R. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-01357 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Ostberg, J. E., Storry, C., Donald, A. E., Hosseinzadeh‐Attar, M. J., Halcox, J., & Conway, G. S. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02772.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Gravholt, C. H., Svenstrup, B., Bennett, P., & Christiansen, J. S. (1999) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.00720.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Mortensen, K. H., Hjerrild, B. E., Stochholm, K., Andersen, N. H., Sørensen, K. E., Lundorf, E., Hørlyck, A., Pedersen, E. M., Christiansen, J. S., & Gravholt, C. H. (2011) · Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1186/1532-429x-13-24 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
BARTSCH, W. (1980) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/0378-5122(80)90044-4 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Effect of exogenous estrogen on serum pregnenolone, cortisol, and androgens in postmenopausal women.
Abraham, G. E., & Maroulis, G. B. (1975) · PubMed · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Evidence for an Influence of the Ovary on Circulating Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels*
Cumming, D. C., Rebar, R. W., HOPPER, B. R., & Yen, S. S. C. (1982) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-54-5-1069 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Daan, N. M. P., Jaspers, L., Koster, M. P. H., Broekmans, F. J., de Rijke, Y. B., Franco, O. H., Laven, J. S. E., Kavousi, M., & Fauser, B. C. J. M. (2015) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/dev195 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Vegunta, S., Kling, J. M., & Kapoor, E. (2019) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2018.7494 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Serum androgen profile and physical performance in women Olympic athletes
Eklund, E., Berglund, B., Labrie, F., Carlström, K., Ekström, L., & Hirschberg, A. L. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097582 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Ovarian and adrenal steroid production: regulatory role of LH/HCG
Piltonen, T., Koivunen, R., Morin-Papunen, L. C., Ruokonen, A., Huhtaniemi, I. T., & Tapanainen, J. S. (2002) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/17.3.620 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Androgen replacement therapy in Turner syndrome: a pilot study
Zuckerman-Levin, N., Frolova-Bishara, T., Militianu, D., Levin, M., Aharon-Peretz, J., & Hochberg, Z. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0514 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Soman, M., Huang, L.-C., Cai, W.-H., Xu, J.-B., Chen, J.-Y., He, R.-K., Ruan, H.-C., Xu, X.-R., Qian, Z.-D., & Zhu, X.-M. (2019) · Menopause · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000001161 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Androgen-Responsive Aspects of Cognition in Girls with Turner Syndrome
ROSS, J. L., Roeltgen, D. P., Stefanatos, G. A., Feuillan, P., Kushner, H., Bondy, C. A., & Cutler, G. B. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021000 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Sex hormone replacement therapy in Turner syndrome—impact on morbidity and mortality
Viuff, M. H., Berglund, A., Juul, S., Andersen, N. H., Stochholm, K., & Gravholt, C. H. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgz039 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Edlefsen, K. L., Jackson, R. D., Prentice, R. L., Janssen, İ., Rajkovic, A., O’Sullivan, M. J., & Anderson, G. L. (2010) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0b013e3181cb49e9 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Androgens and cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women: a systematic review
Spoletini, I., Vitale, C., Pelliccia, F., FOSSATI, C., & Rosano, G. M. C. (2014) · Climacteric · doi:10.3109/13697137.2014.887669 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Androgen therapy in women: for whom and when
Pluchino, N., Carmignani, A., Cubeddu, A., Santoro, A. N., Cela, V., & Errasti, T. (2013) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-013-2969-7 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sex hormone replacement in Turner syndrome
Trolle, C., Hjerrild, B., Cleemann, L. H., Mortensen, K. H., & Gravholt, C. H. (2011) · Endocrine · doi:10.1007/s12020-011-9569-8 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Steroid Inhibitory Effects upon Human Adrenal 3βHydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Activity*
Byrne, G. C., PERRY, Y. S., & Winter, J. S. D. (1986) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-62-2-413 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Subnormal Pubertal Increases of Serum Androgens in Turner’s Syndrome
Apter, D. L., Lenko, H. L., Perheentupa, J., derholm, A. S. O., & Vihko, R. (2008) · Hormone Research · doi:10.1159/000179498 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Serin, İ. S., Özçelik, B., Başbuğ, M., Aygen, E., Kula, M., & Erez, R. (2001) · European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology · doi:10.1016/s0301-2115(01)00398-0 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Coronary artery anomalies in Turner syndrome
Viuff, M. H., Trolle, C., Wen, J., Jensen, J. M., Nørgaard, B. L., Gutmark, E. J., Gutmark-Little, I., Mortensen, K. H., Gravholt, C. H., & Andersen, N. H. (2016) · Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography · doi:10.1016/j.jcct.2016.08.004 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Cameron-Pimblett, A., Davies, M. C., Burt, E., Talaulikar, V. S., La Rosa, C., King, T. F. J., & Conway, G. S. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2018-02137 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Body weight and fat mass across the menopausal transition: hormonal modulators
Moccia, P., Belda-Montesinos, R., Monllor-Tormos, A., Chedraui, P. A., & Cano, A. (2021) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.1080/09513590.2021.2004395 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Wen, J., Trolle, C., Viuff, M. H., Ringgaard, S., Laugesen, E., Gutmark, E. J., Subramaniam, D. R., Backeljauw, P., Gutmark-Little, I., Andersen, N. H., et al. (2018) · Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1186/s12968-018-0497-0 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Menopause and sexual desire: the role of testosterone
Nappi, R. E., Albani, F., Santamaria, V., Tonani, S., Martini, E., Terreno, E., Brambilla, E., & Polatti, F. (2010) · Menopause international · doi:10.1258/mi.2010.010041 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
ROSS, J. L., Mazzocco, M. M. M., Kushner, H., Kowal, K., Cutler, G. B., & Roeltgen, D. P. (2009) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.05.031 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Merino, P. M., Pereira, A. P. R., Íñiguez, G., Corvalán, C., & Verónica Mericq, G. (2019) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000506632 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Viuff, M., Just, J., Brun, S., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19207251
Self-citationSupplementary table 2 Changes in sex hormone concentrations during follow
Viuff, M., Just, J., Brun, S., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19207248
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome.
Gravholt, C. H., Andersen, N. H., Christin-Maitre, S., Davis, S. M., Duijnhouwer, A., Gawlik, A., Maciel-Guerra, A. T., Gutmark-Little, I., Fleischer, K., Hong, D., et al. (2024) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvae050 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
The changing face of Turner syndrome
Gravholt, C. H., Viuff, M., Just, J., Sandahl, K., Brun, S., van der Velden, J., Andersen, N. H., & Skakkebaek, A. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnac016 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health
Alemany, M. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231911952 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Touraine, P. A., Chabbert‐Buffet, N., Plu‐Bureau, G., Duranteau, L., Sinclair, A. H., & Tucker, E. J. (2024) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-024-00547-5 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Organ Abnormalities Caused by Turner Syndrome
Yoon, S. H., Kim, G. Y., Choi, G. T., & Tae, J. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12101365 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Society for endocrinology guideline for understanding, diagnosing and treating female hypogonadism
Jayasena, C. N., Devine, K., Barber, K., Comninos, A. N., Conway, G. S., Crown, A. L., Davies, M. C., Ewart, A., Seal, L., Smyth, A., et al. (2024) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.15097 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
New Insights in the Diagnostic Potential of Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG)—Clinical Approach
Szybiak, W., Cyna, W., & Łącka, K. (2025) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines13051207 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A prospective study of lipids in adult women with Turner syndrome
Sandahl, K. J., Just, J., Erlandsen, M., Mortensen, K. H., Andersen, N. H., & Gravholt, C. H. (2023) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvad124 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chromosomal Abnormalities of Interest in Turner Syndrome: An Update
Ibarra‐Ramírez, M., Campos-Acevedo, L. D., & Villarreal, L. (2023) · Journal of Pediatric Genetics · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1770982 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kriström, B., Ankarberg-Lindgren, C., Barrenäs, M.-L., Nilsson, K. O., & Albertsson-Wikland, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1197897 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Distinct waves of ovarian follicles contribute to mouse oocyte production
Yin, Q., & Spradling, A. C. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.1101/2024.05.30.596686 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bourcigaux, N., Dubost, E., Buzzi, J.-C., Donadille, B., Corpechot, C., Poujol-Robert, A., & Christin-Maitre, S. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad108 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Lonardo, A., & Suzuki, A. (2025) · Exploration of Digestive Diseases · doi:10.37349/edd.2025.1005101 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Yuan, M., Liu, Y., Li, D., Jiang, B., Xiang, Y., & Yuan, R. (2024) · Bioelectrochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108888 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Approach to the Patient With Turner Syndrome
Turner, H. E., Johannsen, E. B., Smyth, A., Orchard, E., & Gravholt, C. H. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf517 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Krzyścin, M., Sowińska-Przepiera, E., Gruca-Stryjak, K., Soszka-Przepiera, E., Syrenicz, I., Przepiera, A., Bumbulienė, Ž., & Syrenicz, A. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12051034 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Uncertainty in Hormone Monitoring of Transgender and Non-Binary People
Greene, D. N., Goldstein, Z. G., & Krasowski, M. D. (2024) · The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1093/jalm/jfae013 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Distinct waves of ovarian follicles contribute to mouse oocyte productionPreprint
Yin, Q., & Spradling, A. C. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.107352 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Evolution of Health Care in Turner Syndrome
Shankar, R. K., Gravholt, C. H., & Backeljauw, P. F. (2024) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.32124 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Villasmil, M. G. P., Ryckman, K. K., Norris, A. W., & Pinnaro, C. T. (2023) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000534371 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Gravholt, C. H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815234-8.00002-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Thunström, S., Wide, U., Landin‐Wilhelmsen, K., Berntorp, K. E., Bryman, I., Krantz, E., Wahlberg, J., Ekman, B., Isakson, M., Karlsson, A., et al. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02937-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tarantino, C., Vincenzi, L., Angelini, F., Tomaselli, A., Carlomagno, F., Rosato, E., Pofi, R., Lenzi, A., Pozza, C., Minnetti, M., et al. (2025) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-024-02521-0 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Distinct waves of ovarian follicles contribute to mouse oocyte productionPreprint
Yin, Q., & Spradling, A. C. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.107352.1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Freezing Time and Preserving Hope: Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation for Girls with Turner Syndrome
Blackwood, J. D., Martin, M. A., Jafri, D., & Rehmann, D. (2025) · Georgetown Medical Review · doi:10.52504/001c.127875 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Adrenal hypoandrogenism in adolescents with premature ovarian insufficiency
Bilici, M. E., Şıklar, Z., Çetinkaya, S. Ç., Özsu, E., Aycan, Z., & Berberoğlu, M. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2024-0415 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhi, H., Xu, C., Yan, H., Liu, C., & Liu, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1527887 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Johannsen, E. B., Just, J., Chang, S., Skakkebaek, A. H., & Gravholt, C. H. (2025) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-025-01963-4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Garcia-Nuñez, M. A., & Castillo, Y. M. C. (2024) · MQRInvestigar · doi:10.56048/mqr20225.8.2.2024.3609-3626
Adult care of Turner syndrome women
Gravholt, C. H. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13825-6.00164-3
EndoCompass project: research roadmap for reproductive and developmental endocrinology
Cools, M., Krausz, C. G., Juul, A., Macut, D., Andersen, M., Andersson, A., Andoniadou, C. L., Ahmed, S. F., Bakker, J., Bashamboo, A., et al. (2025) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvaf069
EndoCompass Project: Research Roadmap for Reproductive and Developmental Endocrinology
Cools, M., Krausz, C. G., Juul, A., Macut, D., Andersen, M., Andersson, A., Andoniadou, C. L., Ahmed, S. F., Bakker, J., Bashamboo, A., et al. (2025) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000549203
Janek, T., Gosecki, M., Urbaniak, M., Wielgus, E., & Gosecka, M. (2026) · Acta Biomaterialia · doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2026.03.003
Sindrome di Turner: aspetti pratici della gestione endocrinologica dall’infanzia all’età adulta
Tarantino, C., Vincenzi, L., Ferretti, V., & Isidori, A. M. (2026) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-026-01861-8
New genomic understanding and challenges in clinical care of Turner syndrome
Gravholt, C. H., Balle, C. M., Johannsen, E. B., Valsted, L. B., Hartogsohn, E. A. R., Bedei, I. A., Just, J., Backeljauw, P. F., & Stochholm, K. (2026) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(26)00192-0
- Authors
- Viuff, M. H., Just, J., Brun, S., Dam, T. V., Hansen, M., Melgaard, L., Hougaard, D. M., Lappe, M., & Gravholt, C. H.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Statens Serum Institut (DK)
- CONNECT, Aarhus University Hospital , 8200 Aarhus , Denmark
- Corresponding author
- Viuff, Mette Hansen
- Just, Jesper
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2022-03-18
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1983-1993
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W4220716885
- Cited by
- 35
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 4.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF15OC0016474, NNF20OC0060610)
- Familien Hede Nielsens Fond
- Independent Research Fund (0134-00406A)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Keywords
- Turner syndrome, hormone replacement therapy, androgen deficiency, estrogen deficiency, sex hormone levels, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, sex hormone-binding globulin, estradiol, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estrone sulfate
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Estradiol, Estrogens, Female, Follicle Stimulating Hormone, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Progesterone, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Testosterone, Turner Syndrome, Hormone Replacement Therapy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
